我們在說一個句子時不僅要考慮謂語要用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r態(tài)語態(tài).ppt

我們在說一個句子時不僅要考慮謂語要用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r態(tài)，語態(tài)，還要注意謂語動詞必須在人稱和數(shù)上與主語一致,主謂一致的定義,主謂一致的三原則：,一、語法一致原則 一般來說，語法形式是單數(shù)的主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，語法形式是復(fù)數(shù)的主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 E g: （1）The number of errors was surprising.錯誤之多是驚人的 （2） We love our motherland .,二、 意義一致原則 主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但在意義上卻為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞應(yīng)采取復(fù)數(shù)形式. 主語形式雖為復(fù)數(shù)，但在意義上視為單數(shù)，謂語動詞應(yīng)采取單數(shù)形式。 E g（1）The crowd were fighting for their lives. 這些人正為生存而戰(zhàn)斗。 （2）Three years in a strange land seems like a long time . 在異鄉(xiāng)生活的這三年，仿佛是很長的時間。,三、就近原則 謂語動詞根據(jù)它前面最鄰近的名詞或代詞或其他詞的數(shù)的形式，來決定其自身的數(shù)的形式。 E g(1) Not only his children but also he himself wants to go there . (2) Either my wife or I am going to work there .,(1)There _a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk. (2)Here _some envelopes and paper for you (3)Not only his family but also he _ Chaplins movies.,is,likes,1、當(dāng)作主語的兩個名詞或代詞由or ,eitheror ,neithernor,not only but also連接時， 2、由引導(dǎo)的句子,主語不止一個時, 謂語動詞通常和鄰近的名詞或代詞相一致.,are,主謂一致的幾種 情況,N and N +單形動詞,A poet and novelist has visited our school.,一位詩人兼小說家參觀了我們學(xué)校。,The singer and dancer _from Guangxi.那個歌舞演員來自廣西,comes,兩個或兩個以上的并列主語連接時，如果表示同一概念表示同一人物或觀點，謂語動詞用單數(shù),N and N +復(fù)形動詞,A poet and a novelist have visited our school.,Wu Dong and Wu Xi _twin brother.,are,兩個或兩個以上的并列主語連接時，如果表示不同概念表示不同人物或觀點，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。,class /family/audience/+單形動詞,他的家族是一個大家庭。,His family is a big one.,作主語用的集體名詞作為一個整體看待時，謂語動詞可用單數(shù)。,The committee _10 members.,was made up of,class /family/audience +復(fù)形動詞,他的家人都很好。,His family are all well.,作主語用的集體名詞若就其中各個成員來考慮，謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù),The committee_ in the hall.,were,team group party club company government audience class enemy,(表示抽象),The +adj. +單形動詞,美就是真。,The beautiful is the true.,(表示該類全體),The +adj. +復(fù)形動詞,The rich are not always happy.,有錢的人未必是快樂的。,The sick are being taken good care of at the hospital. The young respect the old and the old respect the young ,too.,1、She as well as the other students _how to type. 2、Our school, with some few schools,_in the 1950s. 3、A professor , together with some students ,_a new laboratory.,主語而后面跟有besides,including,as well as ,with ,together with ,like ,but,except等短語是，謂語動詞不受這些短語影響,只根據(jù)主語而變化單復(fù)數(shù)。,has learned,was built,was moved into,（）Two hours _enough for us to finish the experiment. （）en dollars _too cheap for the pair of shoes. （3）Fifty kilograms _not to heavy to be carried .,is,表示數(shù)目、時間、金額、距離、重量的名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。,is,is,One hundred cents make a dollar. 100美分就是一美元。 如果強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),(1) Each of us _the book . (4) Somebody _ waiting for you at the gate of the school. (5) Nobody _ to go there .,由anyone,anybody,anything, everybody ,everyone,everything,someone ,somebody,something,no one ,nobody,nothing,each,the other等不定代詞作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù),has read,is,is,(1)None _ a great deal of the school. (2)None _ been found. (3) Neither of them _interested in English.,knows,/,know,has,/,have,none neither 作主語時謂語動詞可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù),is/are,To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. What he said is important.,動詞不定式，動名詞，名詞性從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。,在定語從句中，謂語動詞總是與先行詞保持一致。,1、He is one of the st