2010屆高三英語主謂一致要點(diǎn)精講.ppt

Come out, George Bush! I, as well as my people, am determined to fight you to the death!,1. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 2. A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 3. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 4. The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 5. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play 6. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are,高三英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法系列訓(xùn)練,主謂一致要點(diǎn)精講,“一致”是指句子成分之間或詞語之間在性、數(shù)等方面應(yīng)保持一致。 “主謂一致”是指謂語動詞與主語必須在人稱、性、數(shù)上保持一致，即主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如are, were, have等，主語是單數(shù)，謂語要用單數(shù)形式，如：is, was, has, works等。 在具體處理一致關(guān)系時可遵循以下三原則: 語法一致、意義一致、就近一致。,意義一致的原則,（一）謂語動詞為單數(shù)的情況,1. 由and 連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. (那個工人兼作家) (比較：The worker and the writer are from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家) Bread and butter is a daily food in the West. 2. Every and (every), each and (each , no and (no) , many a and (many a)連接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語。 Every desk and every chair is made of wood. Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake. 3. one/every one /each/either/ the number+of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語。 Each of the students has a book.,4. clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等無生命的集合名詞作主語。 Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area. 5. 以s 結(jié)尾的詞，但表示學(xué)科、國家、機(jī)構(gòu)、書籍、報刊等名稱作主語。 6. 表示時間、距離、金錢、等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，表達(dá)一個整體概念時。 Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown. 7. 由any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語。 8. 非謂語動詞、名詞性從句作主語。 Collecting stamps is what he likes. Whatever was left was taken away. 9. 單數(shù)名詞、抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞作主語。,（二）謂語動詞為復(fù)數(shù)的情況,1. 由and 連接的兩個并列成分表示兩個不同的概念。 Both bread and butter are sold out. 2. people , police, cattle 等有生命的集體名詞作主語。 The police are looking for the missing child. 3. goods, stairs, arms 等名詞作主語。 4. 由山脈、群島、瀑布、運(yùn)動會等s 結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語。 The Olympic Games are held once every four years. 5. a number of /quantities of /a group of +名詞作主語。,（三）謂語動詞單、復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定,1. 集體名詞class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public , government, majority, group等作主語。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體用單數(shù)，指個個成員用復(fù)數(shù)。 His family is a great one. His family are music lovers. 2. means, works, pains等詞，根據(jù)主語表達(dá)的概念而定。 The steel works is near the station. Two new steel works are being built.,3. “kind, sort, pair, type +名詞” 作主語，以這些名詞本身的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。 4. all, none, some, any 等不定代詞作主語，根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。 All are present . All the food tastes good. 5. “half / most / enough / part / the rest / the last / lots / plenty / 分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 名詞”作主語: 謂語動詞要和 of 之后的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。,就近一致原則,由or , either or, neithernor, not onlybut also 等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞常和靠近的作主語的名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。 Not only he but also I am invited. Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress. 但注意： “with / along with / together with / including / but / except / like / among / as well as / no more than / besides / rather than +名詞”置于主語后，謂語動詞一般仍和前面的名詞在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。 The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.,集合名詞作主語，謂語的數(shù)如何確定?,1His family _ a small one 2His family _ fat and short Ais，is Bare，are Cis，are Dare，is,此題應(yīng)選C。family是一個集合名詞，具有單數(shù)(側(cè)重指整體)和復(fù)數(shù)(側(cè)重指個體)兩種可能。類似這種用法的詞主要的有： team(隊，隊員)，class(班，班上的全體學(xué)生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘務(wù)員)，committee(委員會，委員們)，audience(聽眾)等：,This class consists of 45 students. Mr Green teaches it 這個班45個學(xué)生，由格林先生教。 This class are all diligent. Mr Green teaches them. 這個班的學(xué)生都很用功，由格林先生教。,The team is the best in the league這個隊在聯(lián)賽中打得最好。 The football team are having baths足球隊隊員們在洗澡。,It was late, but the audience was increasing. 時間很遲了，但聽眾人數(shù)卻在增加。 The audience were all moved to tears. 聽眾都感動得流了淚。,但是并不是所有的集合名詞都具有以上兩種用法： 1. 有的集合名詞總是用作單數(shù)(不可數(shù))：clothing 衣服，poetry 詩歌，baggageluggage 行李，furniture家俱，machinery 機(jī)械，scenery 景色，jewellery珠寶等。 2. 有的集合名詞總是表示復(fù)數(shù)意義(但不用復(fù)數(shù)形式)：people人，police警察，cattle牲口等。,謂語應(yīng)該跟主語一致還是跟表語一致?,We Chinese _ a hard-working people Ais Bare Cis being Dare being,此題應(yīng)選B。這里應(yīng)注意的是：我們通常說的是主謂一致（即謂語與主語保持一致），而不是表謂一致（即不是謂語與表語一致），本題意為：我們中國人是一個勤勞的民族。,注意以下類似例子： These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim The planets were the object of his study The most important thing I need is books The countrys leading export is watches The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies,但是有些主語由于本身具有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種可能，它的謂語到底用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，要看具體的語境（多數(shù)情況是看其后面詞語的單復(fù)數(shù)），例如： Who is your brother？誰是你的兄弟？ Who are your brothers？哪些是你的兄弟？ What he said is quite correct他所說的完全正確。 What he left me are only a few old books他給我留下的只是幾本舊書。,并列主語中謂語應(yīng)與哪個保持一致 ？,1. You or he _ to blame你或他有一人要受責(zé)備。 2. _ you or he to blame? 受責(zé)備的是你還是他？ Ais，Is Bare，Are Cis，Are D are，Is,在通常情況下，兩個并列主語由or，eitheror，neithernor，notbut，not onlybut（also）等連接時，其謂語通常與第二個主語（即臨近的一個主語）保持一致，但是，在疑問句中則通常與第一個主語（即臨近的一個主語）保持一致。,1One or two days _ enough to see the city Ais Bare Cam Dbe 2Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind Ais Bare Cam Dbe 3Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another Ais Bare Cam Dbe 4Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film Ais Bare Cam Dbe,下列結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語應(yīng)與哪個主語保持一致？,A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift Ais offered Bhas offered Care offered Dhave offered,用連詞and連接的兩個并列