英語名詞性從句詳解(經(jīng)典).ppt

English grammar：,Noun Clauses,判斷下列是什么從句：,1. Where he was born was unknown to us. 2. I dont know where he was born. 3. The unknown was where he was born.,4. I dont know the fact where he was born. 5. He worked where he was born. 6. He worked in the city where he was born.,I dont know where he was born. He worked where he was born.,辨析：賓語從句VS狀語從句,I dont know the fact where he was born. He worked in the city where he was born.,辨析：定語從句VS同位語從句,復(fù)合句、主句、從句的概念,復(fù)合句又稱主從復(fù)合句，由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成，主句為句子的主體，從句不能獨(dú)立，只能用作句子的一個(gè)成分，如主語、表語、賓語、定語、同位語、狀語。 從句擔(dān)任哪個(gè)句子成分，這個(gè)從句就叫該成分的的從句。,英語中的從句有：,狀語從句 定語從句 主語從句 賓語從句 表語從句 同位語從句,狀語從句：,時(shí)間狀語從句 地點(diǎn)狀語從句 條件狀語從句 原因狀語從句 結(jié)果狀語從句 方式狀語從句 讓步狀語從句 比較狀語從句,狀語從句是副詞性修飾性從句,定語從句：,限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句,定語從句是形容詞性修飾性從句,名詞性從句的概念,名詞在句子中一般可以充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語、同位語。從句在語法功能上相當(dāng)于名詞，也可分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語、同位語。因此，主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。,名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類： 1連接詞 2連接代詞 3連接副詞,連接詞：,that whether if (一般僅用于賓語從句) as if (用于表語從句) 它們不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分,連接代詞：,what whatever who whoever whom whose which,連接副詞：,when where why because how how組成的詞組如：how many,how long, how far 等,學(xué)習(xí)名詞性從句的要點(diǎn),1、名詞性從句的語序的考查 2、名詞性從句的連接詞的考查 3、賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng) 4、同位語從句的辨別和引導(dǎo)詞的選擇,名詞性從句的語序的考查,What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well. The question is whether she is coming. Could you tell me where he lives? I had no idea whether he will come on time?,名詞性從句要求使用陳述句語序，而不是一般疑問句的語序。,注意：,that和what的運(yùn)用,he wants is a book. light travels in straight lines is known to all.,What,That,The result is we won the game . That is we are looking for.,that,what,Please tell us is happening there. We should pay attention to the teacher is saying. I dont know she is coming.,what,what,that,The news China succeeded in sending up a manned spaceship was exciting. The news he told us was exciting.,that,that,注意：,that和what都可以引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句，that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用；what在從句中不僅起連接作用，還在從句中充當(dāng)成分。 what一般不用來引導(dǎo)同位語從句。 what不能用作關(guān)系代詞，因此也不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。,that的省略（1）,I dont think that she is coming. I think it necessary that you should read English aloud. He told me that his parents had died in the accident and that he had to make a living all by himself.,( ),( ),that,that,that的省略（2）,That he is top in his class makes his parents very happy. Its pity that he has made such a mistake. The reason is that he is careless. The news that our basketball team won the match made us excited.,That,that,that,that,注意：,單個(gè)賓語從句中的that可以省略；但用it作形式賓語的賓語從句、并列賓語從句中第二個(gè)及以后賓語從句中的that不可以省略。 主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中的that一般不可以省略。,if和whether的運(yùn)用（1）,we will go to town tomorrow depends on the weather. The question is he should do it. The doctor cant answer the question the old man can survive the operation.,Whether,whether,whether,if和whether的運(yùn)用（2）,I asked him he could finish the job on time. Do you know we are worried about he is safe? I dont know he could finish the job on time or not.,whether / if,whether,whether,注意：,引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句只能用whether。 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)應(yīng)注意： （1）動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句可以用if，也可以用whether。 （2）介詞后的賓語從句只能用whether。 （3）賓語從句中有or not時(shí)，一般用whether。,what和which的運(yùn)用,There are so many things. I dont know I have to choose. The books are so good and useful. I dont know I have to choose.,what 泛指的事物，沒有一定的范圍 which 特定事物中的“哪一個(gè)”，有一定的范圍,what,which,why和because運(yùn)用,His car broke down on the way. That was he was late. 他的車在路上拋錨了，那就是他遲到的緣故。 Why did he fail in the exam? That was he was careless.,why強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果；because強(qiáng)調(diào)原因。,why,because,who和whoever的運(yùn)用,Whoever/Who breaks the law should be punished. I will give this book to whoever/who needs it.,what和whatever的運(yùn)用,We will do whatever/what we can to help you. Whatever/What he says is always reasonable.,which和whichever的運(yùn)用,You may take whichever/ which you like.,注意：,在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，who、what、which有疑問意味；whoever、whatever、whichever是它們的強(qiáng)勢(shì)語，不含有疑問意味。如： I dont know broke the window. I dont know I should choose.,who,what/which,其他連接詞的運(yùn)用,思考：橫線上可以填那些連接詞？ I dont know we will go.,根據(jù)回答選擇適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞：,I dont know we will go. We wont. I dont know we will go. Next Sunday.,whether / if,when,I dont know we will go. The factory where his father works. I dont know we will go. By bus.,how,where,I dont know we will go. To give them a hand with their work. I dont know we will go. I dont know, either.,that/whether,why,賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng),He believes that his dream will come true one day. Please tell me what you think of the plan.,He told me that he was preparing for the coming mid-term examination. He said that he had been away from his hometown for ten years. He asked me where I lived.,The teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,同位語從句的辨別和引導(dǎo)詞的選擇,I dont know the fact where he was born. He worked in the city where he was born.,名詞性從句中it的運(yùn)用,it作形式主語 it作形式賓語,it作形式主語,主語從句有時(shí)會(huì)很長(zhǎng)，復(fù)合句就顯得頭重腳輕，因此，可以把主語從句移到復(fù)合句后面，而在句首使用it作形式主語。用it作形式主語的that從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系： It + be + adj. + that-clause It + be + P.P.+ that-clause It + be + n.+ that-clause It + vi + that-clause,It + be + adj.+ that-clause,It is necessary that 有必要 It is important that 重要的是 It is obvious that 很明顯,It + be + P.P. + that-clause,It is believed that 人們相信 It is known to all that 從所周知 It has been decided that 已決定,It + be + n. + that-clause,It is common knowledge that 是常識(shí) It is a surprise that 令人驚奇的是 It is a fact that 事實(shí)是,It + vi + that-clause,It appears that 似乎 It seems that 似乎 It happens that 碰巧,注意：,當(dāng)that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時(shí)，也要以it 作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。如： Is it true that the s