電機使用說明書.doc

。電機使用說明書 Operating Manual概述 本說明書適用于我公司生產(chǎn)的YX3、YET、Y2、YVP、YD系列低壓三相異步電動機及其派生系列產(chǎn)品OverviewThe manual serves YX3、YET、Y2、YVP、YD Series low voltage asynchronous motors and its derivative products as well.開始使用Putting into use (starting)收貨檢查Reception check收到電機后立即檢查是否有損壞，如發(fā)現(xiàn)請立即撥打電話：0086-21-6463-1777，或發(fā)傳真至0086-21-6463-7180，檢查銘牌數(shù)據(jù)特別是額定電壓、接線方式（星形或三角形）是否與合同訂貨要求相符，用手轉動電機軸檢查軸轉動是否靈活。Immediately check the motor for external damage upon receipt and if found, please inform us by telephone or fax without delay (Tel:0086-21-6463-1777, Fax:0086-21-6463-7180). Check all rating plate data, especially voltage and winding connection (star or delta). Turn shaft by hand to check for free rotation.絕緣電阻檢查Insulation resistance check在電機調(diào)試前或懷疑線圈受潮時要測量電機的絕緣電阻，在25時的絕緣電阻值應超過以下表達式的值，表達式中：Measure the motors insulation resistance before commissioning or when winding dampness is suspected. insulation Resistance, measured at 25C, shall exceed the following reference value, i.e. where：100P1000+R=UR：單位兆歐（用500V絕緣電阻表測量）U表示電壓，單位VP表示功率，單位kWR: M( measured with 500 V dc Megger )U = voltage, Volts; P = output power, kW.警告：測量完絕緣電阻后應立即將測量線從電機上斷開，以免線圈再次受到高電壓沖擊。環(huán)境溫度每升高20，絕緣電阻將降低一半，如果絕緣電阻值達不到計算值，表明線圈已經(jīng)受潮需進行烘干處理。先在90溫度下烘12-16小時再在105下烘6-8小時。WARNINGWindings should be discharged immediately after measurement to avoid risk for electric shock. Insulation resistance reference value is halved for each 20C rise in ambient temperature. If the reference resistance value is not attained, the winding is too damp and must be oven dried. Oven temperature should be 90C for 12-16 hours followed by 105C for 6-8 hours.電機啟動Motor starting 單速電機啟動（直接或Y/啟動）標準單速三相異步電動機的出線盒內(nèi)有6個接線頭和至少1個接地接頭，接地須根據(jù)操作規(guī)程在電機接上電源前進行，接線方式和電壓應根據(jù)接線指示牌及銘牌指示。Start of single speed motor (Direct-on-line or star/delta starting)The terminal box on standard single speed motors normally contains 6 winding terminals and at least one earth terminal. Earthing shall be carried out according to local regulations before the machine is connected to the power supply . The voltage and connection are stamped on the nameplate.出線與旋轉方向電機的旋轉方向：當相序為L1、L2、L3時，在電機拖動端面對軸伸視為順時針旋轉。如要改變轉向，只需改變?nèi)我鈨筛娫措娎|的相序，如果單向旋轉的電機，需檢查電機轉向是否與指示牌上的方向一致。（接線應嚴格按照接線盒中示意圖）Terminals and direction of rotationDirection of rotation is clockwise when viewing the shaft face at the motor drive end, when the line phase sequence L1, L2, L3 is connected to the terminals as shown in the figure. To alter the direction of rotation, interchange the connection of any two-line cables. For the unidirectional motor, checkthat the direction of rotation is according to the arrow marked on the direction board.（The terminals shall be connected in strict accordance with the terminal box drawing.）多速電機啟動多速電機一般應低速檔啟動后切換到高速，對多套繞組的變速電機在不同轉速檔切換時，應在一繞組斷電后才能向另一繞組送電。Start-up of multi-speed motorThe multispeed motor should start at low-speed then shifted to high-speed. For multispeed motors that with many separate windings the speed shift shall be fulfilled when one winding has to be lost power. 示意圖1:定速電機（/Y）Fig 1: Fixed motor （/Y） 應為U1 V1 W1 U2 V2 W2示意圖2：單繞組雙速（/YY）Fig 2: Single-winding double speed示意圖3:單繞組雙速（Y/YY）Fig 3: Single-winding double speed示意圖4：雙繞組雙速（Y/Y）Fig4: Double-winding double speed變頻電機啟動變頻電機啟動時，電機冷卻風機也必須同時啟動。冷卻風機應接工頻電源，其轉向必須與風機外殼上的指示矢方向一致.VVVF變頻器可以轉矩提升以提高啟動轉矩，提升電壓的幅度應不大于10%，且起動電流不大于額定電流的1.5倍。變頻器的開關頻率設置應不小于1.5kHz。Start-up of variable frequency motorWhen the variable frequency motor starts, the cooling blower shall starts simultaneously. The cooling blower must be connected to the power frequency supply, and the rotating direction shall be as specified in the nameplate of blower. Adjust the value of v/f, the motor can obtain different start performance, but if over compensate of voltage will cause overload.使用運行條件電機是用來驅動其他機械，通常環(huán)境溫度為-25C 到 +40C，海拔高度為1000米以下。（當環(huán)境溫度與海拔高度不符合上述規(guī)定時，銘牌上會注明）UseOperating conditionsThe motors are intended for use in industrial drive applications. Normal ambient temperature limits -25C to +40C. Maximum altitude 1000 m above sea level. When ambient temperature and altitude are not same asthe requirement said above, the special note will be showed on the nameplate.處理儲存所有電機應儲存于干燥,通風以及干凈的室內(nèi)，裸露的表面如軸伸和法蘭面應涂以防銹脂。建議定期用手轉動電機軸，以免潤滑脂流掉，帶有加熱器的應接通加熱器。HandlingStorageAll motors should be stored indoors, in dry, well ventilation and dust free conditions. Unprotected machined surfaces (shaft-ends and flanges) should be given anti-corrosion coatings. It is recommended that shafts be rotated periodically by hand to prevent grease migration. Anti condensation heaters, if fitted, should preferably be energized. 3.4 儲存超過一年的，須檢查潤滑脂，如潤滑脂已變質(zhì)干涸或弄臟，應先用煤油清洗，然后用汽油清洗軸承后再加入新的潤滑脂。每個軸承應加新脂的重量W可參考如下公式：W=DB/K（g） 式中：D為軸承外徑（mm），B為軸承寬度（mm）系數(shù)K=100200按工作狀況選取。（工作狀況惡劣應取較大值）。一般情況，2極電機加潤滑脂量為軸承室空腔容積的1/2，4極以上為軸承室的2/3。3.4 Storage over one year: The check should be made for grease, if it is driedor dirty, it should be washed by kerosene first, then gasoline, thenput new grease on bearings. The weight of the grease added can be set bythe following formula: W=DB/K（g） D: OD of the bearing（mm）, B: Width of the bearing （mm） K: 100-200 based on work conditions.In general, the grease should be filled into 1/2 of bearing room for 2 polesmotor, and 2/3 for 4 poles and above.安裝基礎買方要準備好電機的基礎，金屬結構的基礎應涂以防銹漆防止被腐蝕。電機基礎應平整，并有足夠的剛度承受突然短路產(chǎn)生的應力，要計算其尺寸以避免因共振引起基礎振動。InstallationFoundationThe purchaser bears full responsibility for preparation of the foundation. Metal foundations should be painted to avoid corrosion. Foundations shall be even, and sufficiently rigid to withstand possible short circuit forces. They shall be dimensioned as to avoid the occurrence of vibration due to resonance.聯(lián)接電動機可以用聯(lián)軸器、正齒輪及皮帶輪傳動，對于功率大轉速較高的電動機應盡量避免采用皮帶傳動方式，如必須采用皮帶傳動方式的應在訂貨時注明，皮帶傳動時應防止預拉力過大發(fā)生斷軸。聯(lián)軸器、正齒輪及皮帶輪安裝時應采用熱套方法，嚴禁重力敲擊方法冷裝傳動件。校正中心校正電機安裝中心有利于避免軸承發(fā)生故障、振動和可能發(fā)生的軸伸斷裂事故。采用聯(lián)軸器傳動時，通常兩聯(lián)軸器的水平偏差不大于0.050.1mm，軸向偏差不大于0.1mm。采用皮帶傳動時，要求皮帶輪軸向中心與電機軸伸的軸向中心重合，且皮帶中心線與軸中心線垂直。AlignmentCorrect alignment is essential to avoid bearing failures, vibrations and possible fractured shaft extensions.接線通常出線盒在電機的頂部，還有其他位置可供樣本選擇（在電機拖動端面對軸伸視）。除了繞組和接地，出線盒還可以接停機加熱器、雙金屬溫度開關或PT100測溫元件等。ConnectionThe normal motor design is with terminal box on the top, when viewing the shaft at the motor drive end. Availability of these solutions is described in the product catalogues. Besides the main winding and earthing terminals， the terminal box can also contain connections for standstill heating elements, bimetallic switches, or PT 100 resistance elements. 裝配與拆卸概述裝配與拆卸工作必須有資格的專業(yè)人員使用專用工具和合適的工作方法來進行。并參考電機總裝標準圖。Assembly and dismantlingGeneralDismantling and assembly of motors must be carried out by qualified personnel using only suitable tools and working methods and refer to the motor assembly standard drawings. 軸承拆卸軸承時必須特別注意，應該使用軸承拉腳并加熱或使用專用工具。BearingsSpecial care shall be taken with the bearings. Bearings shall be removed using pullers and fitted by heating or the use of specialized tools for the purpose. 平衡電機出廠前已經(jīng)進行了轉子動平衡BalancingThe rotor of the motor is dynamically balanced. 維護與更換潤滑油一般檢查- 在計劃停機時檢查- 保持電機清潔，確保良好通風- 檢查軸承密封狀態(tài)，如有必要即進行更換。- 檢查各連接、地腳及裝配螺栓。- 通過聽聲音、測量振動、軸承溫度以及檢查潤滑油是否過期來檢測軸承的狀態(tài)。Maintenance and lubricationGeneral inspection- Inspect the machine at regular intervals.- Keep the machine clean and ensure free ventilation air-flow.- Check the condition of shaft seals and replace if necessary.- Check the condition of connections and mounting and assembly bolts.- Check the bearing condition by listening for unusual noise, vibration measurement, bearing temperature, inspection of spent grease.更換潤滑油裝有密封軸承的電機中心高在160mm以下的電機裝有密封軸承，裝有密封軸承的電機在運行期間不必加油。LubricationMotors with sealed bearingsMotors which the center height is less than 160 mm are normally fitted with sealed bearings. It doesnt need regreased during operation帶加油口的電機中心高180355的電機軸承通常配有加油口，可以在電機運行時加潤滑脂。一般勤加脂，每次加少量。Motors fitted with grease nipplesMotors with center height from 180 to 355 mm is normally fitted with grease nipples. Lubricate it by grease frequently while running, but once a little. 更換潤滑脂時間間隔如下：Guidelines for re-greasing intervals are as below:電機中心高mm補充潤滑脂量（克g）電機轉速r/min300015001000500-900軸承補充潤滑脂時間間隔180203500550065008500200,225253100500060007000250,280352000500060007000315502000300035004500355601000200030004000CenterlineHeightmmAmount of grease (g)Speed r/min300015001000500-900Bearings Lubrication intervals in duty hours180203500550065008500200,225253100500060007000250,280352000500060007000315502000300035004500355601000200030004000表格中的數(shù)據(jù)適合于臥式安裝的電機，對于立式安裝的電機，其時間間隔為相應表格中的一半，如果按照上述時間間隔加油，加油量可以參照表格內(nèi)的數(shù)據(jù)。如果電機裝有放油孔，更換潤滑油時要等到原來的油全部被擠出后才算完成。對于使用于較高環(huán)境溫度及軸承溫度達80以上，則應相應縮短加油時間。The table is prepared for horizontally mounted motors. Lubrication intervals for vertical motors are half of the above values. The grease amount in the table is used if according to the regular intervals as above. As an alternative, when the machine is fitted with grease escape valves, fresh grease may be pressed into the bearings until the old grease is totally replaced. The motor, which is running under high ambient temperature or the bearing temperature is more than 80C, should shorten the re-greasing intervals correspondingly. 故障分析及處理 Trouble shooting 電氣故障見表1。Normal electrical failure, see table 1.表1 Table 1A Can not be startedB Hard to accelerateC Abnormal noise (buzz) when startingD Abnormal noise (buzz) when runningE Double frequency slip buzz noiseF Over heat without loadingG Over heat with loadingH Over heat for individual windingA電機起動失靈B電機加速困難C起動時發(fā)嗡嗡聲D運行中發(fā)嗡嗡聲E雙倍頻轉差嗡嗡聲F無載運行時溫度過高G有載繞組運行時溫度過高H個別繞組截面過熱可能出現(xiàn)的原因Possible cause處理方法Treatment過載 Overload降低負載 Reduce load一相電源斷路Open circuit of one phase檢查配電設備和饋電電路Check power supply circuit and controller switching equipment.接通后一相電源開路Open circuit of one phase after power on改善供電系統(tǒng)條件Correct the power supply system (單元格問題)電源網(wǎng)電壓低，或頻率高Network voltage too low, or frequency too high電源網(wǎng)電壓高，或頻率低Network voltage too high, or frequency too low定子繞組聯(lián)接錯誤Stator winding wrongconnection改正繞組的聯(lián)接 Correct the connection of winding定子繞組匝間或相間短路Stator winding interturn or phase short circuit檢查繞組的絕緣電阻，詢問制造公司后修理Check windings insulation resistance and repair after inquiring about the manufacturer鼠籠導條細條、斷條Thin cage conducting bar broken詢問制造公司后修理Repair after inquiring about the manufacturer變頻電源諧波所致Caused by harmonic of inverter power supply 詢問變頻器廠商Inquiring the inverter manufacturer機械故障見表2。Normal mechanical troubles, see table 2.表2 Table 2A Frictional noiseB OverheatC Over runout in radiusD Over runout in axis機械故障Mechanical failure故障產(chǎn)生的原因Possible cause處理的方法TreatmentA摩擦噪聲B溫度過高C徑向跳動D軸向跳動風路受阻，旋轉方向不對Poor ventilation, or wrongrotation檢查風道，調(diào)換轉向 Check ventilation duct and Correct it轉動零件受到磨擦Moving parts worn out查明原因，重新找正 Check and correct it轉子不平衡Rotor imbalance卸下轉子，重新找正 Disassembly the rotor and correct it耦合機械不平衡Coupler imbalance重新平衡耦合機械 Correct it轉子部分不正，軸彎曲Rotor problem, or bending和制造廠研究決定 Call factory裝配和調(diào)整不當Incorrect assembly and adjustment查明原因，重新校正電機，檢查耦合件 Check and recalibrate motor ,and check coupler傳動機構的干擾Interference of drive mechanism檢查傳動機構Check and correct it地基振動Foundation vibration加固基礎 Reinforce foundation.地基變形Foundation distortion查清原因，重新調(diào)整電機 Find out the reason and readjust motor來自耦合機械的沖擊Impact from coupled mechanical檢查耦合機械 Check coupled mechanical過載 Overload減低負載 Reduce load軸承故障見表3 Normal bearing troubles, see table 3表3 Table 3A OverheatB W