中考介詞復(fù)習(xí)與練習(xí).doc

中考介詞專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí) 編制： 審核： 初三英語備課組學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：1。掌握介詞和介詞短語的主要用法。2掌握介詞與動(dòng)詞、名詞和形容詞等的固定搭配用法。并注意運(yùn)用?？键c(diǎn)精析1、介詞的主要用法：介詞是一種虛詞,不能獨(dú)立使用。介詞之后一般有名詞、動(dòng)名詞或代詞(賓格)或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句作它的賓語,即構(gòu)成介詞短語。有些介詞是由兩個(gè)以上的詞構(gòu)成的短語介詞,如：out of(從中出來), because of(因?yàn)?, away from(距離), on top of(在頂上), ever since(自從), next to(在隔壁), according to(根據(jù)), in front of(在前方)等。2、介詞的分類表： (見下表) 地點(diǎn)(位置、范圍)介詞：above在前, about在附近, across在對面, after在后面, against倚著., along在近旁, among在中間, around在周圍, round在.周圍, at在處, before在.前, behind在.后, below低于., beside在.旁邊, between在.之間, by在.旁, down在.下面, from來自., in在.里面, inside在.里面, near靠近., of在.之中, on在.上面, out of在.之外, outside在.外面, over在.上方, under在.下方, up在.上面, on top of在.頂部, in front of在.前, close to靠近., in the middle of在.的中間, at the end of在.的末端,等等。 方向(目標(biāo)趨向)介詞：across橫越., against對抗., along沿著., around繞著., round環(huán)繞., at朝著., behind向后面, betweenand從到.,by路過/通過., down向下, for向., from從/離., in進(jìn)入., into進(jìn)入., inside到.里面, near接近., off脫離/除., on向.上, out of向.外, outside向.外, over跨過., past經(jīng)過/超過., through穿過., to向/朝., towards朝著., on to到.上面, onto到.上面, away from遠(yuǎn)離. 時(shí)間介詞：about大約., after在以后, at在 (時(shí)刻), before在以前, by到為止, during在期間, for有(之久), from從(時(shí))起, in在(上/下午);在(多久)以后, on在(某日), past過了(時(shí)), since自從(至今), through 貫穿(期間), till直到時(shí), until直到時(shí), to到(下一時(shí)刻), ever since從那時(shí)起至今,at the beginning of在.開始時(shí) ,at the end of在.末 , in the middle of在.當(dāng)中 ,at the time of在.時(shí) 方式介詞：as作為/當(dāng)作., by用/由/乘坐/被., in用(語言), like與一樣, on騎(車)/徒(步),通過(收音機(jī)/電視機(jī)), over通過(收音機(jī)), through通過., with用(材料/工具)、用(手/腳/耳/眼)；without沒有 涉及介詞: about關(guān)于., except除了, besides除了還. for對于/就而言, in在(方面), of的,有關(guān)., on關(guān)于/有關(guān)., to對而言, towards針對., with就而言 其它介詞: 【目的介詞】 for為了., from防止, to為了 【原因介詞】 for因?yàn)?, with由于, because of因?yàn)? 【比較介詞】 as與一樣,like象一樣,than比.,to與相比, unlike與不像 【伴隨/狀態(tài)介詞】 against和一起(比賽),at在(上班/休息/上學(xué)/家,etc.),in穿著(衣服/顏色),into變成.,on在(值日), with與一起,有/帶著/長著., without沒有/無/不與一起3、介詞短語的句法作用：介詞短語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞或副詞,可用作狀語、定語和表語。如：The man came .(狀)(那個(gè)人走下樓來)/The woman （with a flower on her head）is from the countryside.(定)(頭上戴花的婦女來自鄉(xiāng)下)/The teacher is with the pupils now.(表)(老師現(xiàn)在和學(xué)生在一起)4、介詞短語在句子中的位置： 介詞短語做狀語時(shí),如果表示時(shí)間/地點(diǎn),可以放在句首或句尾,如果表示方向/方式/伴隨/涉及/原因/目的/比較,一般放在句尾； 介詞短語作表語時(shí)放在連系動(dòng)詞之后；介詞短語作定語時(shí),只能放在被修飾的名詞之后。如：He wanted to find a good job in Shanghai the next year.(狀語)(他想來年在上海找份好工作)/ They searched the room for the thief.(他們在房間里搜索小偷) / The letters are for you.(表語)(信是給你的)/ Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?(定語)(你看見一只黑頭白腿的貓了嗎？)5、重要注釋： this / that / these / those / last / next / a / every / each等詞構(gòu)成的時(shí)間短語,前面不用任何介詞。如：Every year travellers from abroad come to visit Pingyao.(每年都有國外的游客來游覽平窯鎮(zhèn))/ He had a bad cold that week.(那個(gè)星期他患重感冒) for有時(shí)用來引出動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語,常翻譯成“對于而言”。如：Its too hard for me to finish the work in only one hour.(讓我在區(qū)區(qū)一個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作太難了)/ The house is big enough for 10 men to live in.(房子夠大的可以容10個(gè)人住) of有時(shí)用來表示后面的人物正好是前面的表語的邏輯主語。如：Its very nice/kind of you to do so.(你這么做真是太好了) 介詞有時(shí)會(huì)與它的賓語分離,而且賓語前置。 當(dāng)賓語是疑問詞時(shí)。Who are you talking about?(你們在談?wù)撜l？) 賓語在從句中當(dāng)連接詞時(shí)。He has a younger brother who he must take good care of.(他有一個(gè)需要他照顧的小弟。) / Do you know who our teacher is talking with over there?(你知道我們的老師在那邊和什么人談話嗎？) 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語且該動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞,后面有介詞。I finally found a chair to sit on.(我 最終找到了一張椅子坐。) 記住一些固定詞組：arrive at/in(到達(dá)),on foot(步行),notat all(根本不),to the north of(在以北),in the east of(在的東部),in the night(在夜間),at night(在晚上),be afraid of(害怕),be full of(充滿/ 裝滿.),be filled with(充滿/ 裝滿.),be good/bad for(對有益/有害),be made of(由做成),be made from(由制造),play with(玩耍),look out of(朝外面看),at the end of(在末梢/結(jié)束時(shí)),by the end of(不遲于/到末為止),with the help of或with ones help(在的幫助下),look after(照料),look for(尋找),on a bike(=by bike)騎車, help sb. with(幫某人做),get on (well) with(與某人相處融洽),等等。the answer to 的答案the key to 的答案/鑰匙the way to 去的路the trip/journey to 去的旅行by the way 順便說；順便問一下on the way (to) 在去的路上in the way 在路中間（擋路）in this way 用這種方法between 在兩者之間或三者（強(qiáng)調(diào)兩兩之間的差別或關(guān)系）among 在三者或三者以上之中（不強(qiáng)調(diào)差別或之間的關(guān)系）buy sth. for sb. make sth. for sb.raise sth. for sb. provide sth. for sb.give sth. to sb. show sth. to sb.offer sth. to sb. lend sth. to sb.6、某些介詞的用法辨析： 時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)介詞in、on、at的用法區(qū)別： after與in表示時(shí)間的用法區(qū)別： since與for表示時(shí)間的用法區(qū)別： by、in與with表示方式的用法區(qū)別： about與on的用法區(qū)別： through與across、over的用法區(qū)別：as與like的區(qū)別：at the end of、by the end of、to the end、in the end的用法區(qū)別：for a moment、for the moment、in a moment、at the moment的區(qū)別：but的問題：如：I could do nothing but wait.(我什么也做不了只能等) / They had no choice(選擇) but to fight.(他們沒有選擇只有戰(zhàn)斗)in front of 與in the front of：except與besides的區(qū)別：聚焦2008年江蘇省中考題( )1. This photo reminds me _ the days when I worked _ the farm with my classmates無錫市 A. about; in B. about; on C. of; in D. of; on( )2. _ generous _ the little girl to share her toys with the other kids? 無錫市 A. Its; of B.Thats; of C. Its; for D. Thats; for( )3.Chinese climbers carried the Olympic Flame(奧運(yùn)圣火) to the top of the worlds highest mountain _8th May 2008. 蘇州市 A. on B. at C. in D. from( )4. _May 27 th, 2008, millions of people watched the Beijing Olympic Torch Relay in Nanjing. 南京A. On B. In C. At D. For( )5. Is the tie made_ silk? Yes. Its made_Italy. 連云港A. from; in B. of; in C. from; of D. of; from( )6. People along the streets were all cheering when the Olympic torch passed_the city. 淮安市A. through B. opposite C. over ( )7. Our English teacher was standing_us so that she could hear us all clearly. 南通市A. away from B. far behind C. between D. among( )8. Shanghai lies_the east of China and_the northeast of Guangdong. 宿遷市A. in; to B. in; in C. to; to D. to; in( )9. Be careful! The traffic light is red. You mustnt go_the street now. 鎮(zhèn)江市A. in B. along C. on D. across( )10.I made a special card for my father _ Fathers Day this year. 泰州市 A. in B. at C. on D. during( )11. When will Han Hans new book _? Sorry, I dont know. Im looking forward to his new book, too. 鹽城市A. come on B. come out C. come in D. come over ( )12. You can improve your English _ reading more. 徐州市A. in B. with C. by D. of( )13. The bus is coming. Oh, no! Its full. Im afraid we cant _.徐州市A. get up B. get on C. get out D. get off( )14. The group of soldiers arrived_a small town_a rainy morning. 常州市A. at; on B. at; in C. in; on D. in; in( )15. It is a bad habit to leave the office without_the lights. 常州市A. putting out B. putting on C. taking off D. turning off16. They voted_(反對) the plan of turning the farmland into an airport. 常州市17. Dont eat snacks_(在.這間) meals. Its a bad habit. 淮安市18. The documentary was filmed in India_(在.之間) 2004 and 2006. 鎮(zhèn)江市19. Would you please put this box_(在.這間) the desk and the wall? No problem. 宿遷市20. The weather report said that the temperature would fall_(在.下面) zero. 南通市21. I could see her _ (透過)the window .徐州市聚焦2009年江蘇省中考題( )1. Kitty is fond _ dancing, but she spends little time _ it this week because of the coming exams. A. of; inB. of; onC. about; onD. about; in南通市( )2. The music from the radio sounds so beautiful. Could you please _ the radio a little, Mum? 南通市A. turn onB. turn offC. turn upD. turn down( )3. Ben _ his keys everywhere , but he didnt find them. 淮安市A. looked forB. looked atC. looked afterD. looked up( )4. The disabled are taken good care of in China. Its wrong of you to _ the blind. 泰州市A. look atB. look forC. look afterD. look down on( )5.Will his new novel_in September this year?-Yes,we are all looking forward to it. 連云港A.come over B. come back C.come out D.come from( )6.Whats the TV news_?-The Chinese Team won five gold medals at World Table Tennis Championshhips. 連云港A. at B. across C. above D. about( )7. Nanjing is a beautiful city. It won China Human Habitat Environment Prize _ 2008. 南京市A. atB. onC. inD. by( )8. -Tom, _ your T-shirt right now ! It looks so dirty. -Sorry, Mum. I was playing football the whole afternoon. 南京市 A. take offB. take onC. put offD. put on( )9. He used to _ to work by bus, but now he goes to work _ foot. 徐州市A. going; onB. going; byC. go; onD. go; by( )10. Bob, _ your coat. Its cold and windy outside. 徐州市A. put on B. turn on C. get onD. come on( )11. -Dont worry. I will help you. -Thank you. Its very kind _ you to say so. 徐州市A. forB. onC. toD. of( )12. -What about this red T-shirt? _, please. -Thank you. But its a little too large. 鹽城市A. Put it upB. Take it off C. Hand it inD. Try it on( )13. Mr. Brown arrived at the railway station at 6 oclock _ the evening. 鎮(zhèn)江市A. atB. inC. onD. for( )14. -Would you please _ the TV a little? Jack is doing his homework.-Terrible sorry, I will. 鎮(zhèn)江市A. turn upB. turn downC. turn onD. turn off( )15It took the firemen two hours to_the fire蘇州市 Aput out Bput up Cput on Dput away( )16. Daniel, your books are in a terrible mess on your desk. Really sorry. Ill _ at once. 揚(yáng)州市A. put them away B. put them out C. put them on D. put them down( )17. What does your brother look like? -_. A. He likes watching TV B. He is a worker in a factory C. He is very tall and strong D. He plays basketball every day( )18. -Would you please_ your storybook_ me? -Sure, But you must return it to me before Wednesday. 宿遷市 A. borrow; to B. keep; for C. lend; to D. buy; for( )19. The globa