高中英語從句精講與練習(xí)(附答案).doc

高中英語從句講解與練習(xí)（1）表語從句1定義：用作表語的從句叫做表語從句。2引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的種類：(1)從屬連詞that。在從句中不做成分。如：The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。The reason was that he was late for school.(2)從屬連詞whether,as,as if。如：1.He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起來還與十年前一樣。2.The question is whether they will be able to help us. 問題是他們是否能幫我們。注：從屬連詞if一般不用來引導(dǎo)表語從句，但as if卻可引導(dǎo)表語從句，如：All this was over twenty years ago, but its as if it was only yesterday.這都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一樣。 The key is whether we can solve the problem./It looked as if it was going to rain.注：能跟表語從句的謂語動詞一般為系動詞be, seem, look，sound等。如：He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起來還與十年前一樣。 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 在表語從句中做主語、賓語等。如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了閣樓干的。 The problem is who we can get to replace her.我想問的是誰離開了。 My question is who left. 連接副詞 where, when, how, why。What I wonder is when he left. 我想知道他是何時離開的。This is where they once lived. 這就是他們曾經(jīng)住過的地方。 That is why he didnt come here. The question is how he did it. (3)連詞because可引導(dǎo)表語從句。如：I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想這是因為你做得太多。 Its just because he doesnt know her. Thats because he didnt understand me. 那是因為他沒有理解我.(Thats because.強調(diào)原因)Thats why he got angry with me.那正是他對我生氣的原因。(Thats why.強調(diào)結(jié)果)(4)在一些表示“建議、勸說、命令”的名詞后面的表語從句中，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。should+動詞原形表示，should可省略。如：My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。表語測試1. The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. if C. when D. whether2The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of3. Go and get your coat. It s _you left itA. where B. there C. there where D. where there4The problem is _to take the place of TedA. who can we get B. what we can getC. who we can get D. that we can get5. What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us.A. that B. if C. whether D.不填6. The reason is_ I missed the bus.A. that B. when C. why D. what7. That is _ _ we were late last time. A. that B. when C. why D. what8. She looked _ she were ten years younger. A. that B. like C. as D. as though9.I fell sick!-I think it is _ you are doing too much.A. why B. when C. what D. because10. The reason why he hasnt come is _.A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mothers being illC. that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill11. He was born here.- That is _ he likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how12.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.A. what B. where C. that D. why13_your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies.A. What; how are you B. That；how you are C. How；that you are D. What；how you are14. The trouble is_ we are short of tools.A. what B. that C. how D. why that15. America was _was first called “India” by Columbus.A. what B. where C. the place D. there where16. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer_ .A. what it used to be B. what it was used to beingC. what it used to being D. what it was used to be17. _he really means is _he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That whatC. What what D. That what18. The energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such19 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that_ you had a few days off？A. why B .what C. when D. where20 .I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella _I got wet through.A. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres why D. Its how21. See the flags on top of the building? That was _ we did this morning.A. when B. which C. where D. what22. - Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats _.A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited23. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which答案15: DBACC610 :ACDDC1115:CBDBA1620: AACAB2123: DAA（2）主語從句1 定義：用作主語的從句叫做主語從句。2 構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡單句3 引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類：(1) 從屬連詞that。 如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明顯，她們確是親姐妹，她們的臉型很相似。(2) 從屬連詞whether。如：Whether hell come here isnt clear. 他是否會來這里還不清楚。(3) 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever連接副詞 where, when, how, why。如：What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。How this happened is not clear to anyone. 這事怎樣發(fā)生的，誰也不清楚。Whoever comes is welcome. 不論誰來都歡迎。Wherever you are is my home - my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家-我唯一的家。解釋：1 主語從句能用it作形式上的主語。常以it作形式主語的句型有：A. It+be+形容詞(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that從句。如：It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫無疑問她考試成績會很好。It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告訴她了。B. It+be+名詞詞組(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that從句。如：Its a pity that we cant go. 很遺憾我們不能去。Its no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我們沒贏這場比賽真意外。C. It+be+過去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that從句。如：It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 據(jù)說格林先生已經(jīng)到了北京。It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.據(jù)報道中國又成功地發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星。D. It+seem, happen等不及物動詞及短語+that從句。如：It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不來參加晚會。It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。E. It+doesnt matter (makes no difference, etc.)+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句。如：It doesnt matter whether she will come or not. 她是否來這無關(guān)緊要。It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我們在哪里開會毫無區(qū)別。F. 當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的主語從句出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。如：Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科學(xué)家將給我們作報告是真的嗎？Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他們明天不來很要緊嗎？G. 當(dāng)主語從句出現(xiàn)在感嘆句中時，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。如：How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子們這么安靜真奇怪！2注意連接代詞whoever, whatever, whichever等引導(dǎo)主語從句的含義Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 來的人將受到歡迎。Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that) 他所做的事情是正確的。Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who) 你們當(dāng)中不論哪個進來將會得到獎練習(xí)1. has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever2. It was he said disappointed me. A. what ; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; what3. well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where4. he said at the meeting surprised everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter5. was to return to school. A. That really interested him B. What really interested him C. Which really interested him D. That interest him really6. makes mistakes must correct them. A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever7._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How8. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A If B Whether C That D Where9. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.A. whether B. That C. what D. when10.What I say and think _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D have 11. Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time? A. this B. that C. he D. it12. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. A. which B. that C. if D. for13. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It14. _ what they told me really true?A. Has B. Is C. Does D. Have15. It matters little _ a man dies, but _ matters much is _ he lives.A. how; what; how B. how; it; how C. why; it; why D. that; what; that16. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that17. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what D. how18. _ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A. What B. That C. This D. Which19. -What made her parents so angry? - _ she had failed in the examination.A. As B. Because C. Since D. That20. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 21. -Do you remember _ he came? -Yes, I do. He came by car.A. how B. when C. that D. if22. It was a matter of _ would take the position. A. who B. whose C. whom D. whomever23. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -Is that _ you had a few days off?A. why B. when C. what D. where24. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? A. where B. what C. how D. which25. It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language. A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master練習(xí) 1-10 D A B A B C A B B A 11-15 DBDBA 16-20 ACBDB 21-25 AAADB（3）賓語從句在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句.賓語從句分為三類:動詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句. 時態(tài)： 1.主句用一般現(xiàn)在時，從句可用任意時態(tài)。 2.主句用過去時，從句用過去某個時態(tài)。 3.主句用過去時，從句是真理時，只用一般現(xiàn)在時。 一、賓語從句的連接詞 從屬連詞 連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether. that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句,而if和whether引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的賓語從句. He told me that he would go to the college the next year 他告訴我他下一年上大學(xué). I dont know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否還會有公交車. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 沒人知道他是否會通過考試. 連接代詞 連接代詞主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等. 連接代詞一般指疑問,但what, whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道誰贏了這一局紅警游戲嗎? I dont know whom you should depend on. 我不知道你該依靠誰. The book will show you what the best CEOs know. 這本書會告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解些什么. Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎? 連接副詞 連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. He didnt tell me when we should meet again. 他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面. Could you please tell me how you read the new panel? 你能告訴我怎么用這個新的操作盤嗎? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到. 二、動詞的賓語從句 大多數(shù)動詞都可以帶賓語從句 We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger. 我們都預(yù)料他們會贏,因為他們的隊員更強壯. He told us that they would help us though the whole work. 他告訴我們在整個工作中,他都會幫忙的. 部分“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句 I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場音樂會的所有票都賣光了. Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip? 你能計算出這次旅行我們將花費多少錢嗎? 動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句 常見的這些詞有: make sure確保 make up ones mind下決心 keep in mind牢記 Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in. 在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯誤. 可運用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句 動詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語補足語的時候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 我認為每天多喝開水是有必要的. I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together. 我沒去聚會,感覺非常遺憾. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天寫日記成了習(xí)慣. We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我們都認為對這件事馬上做出決定很重要. 有些動詞帶賓語從句時尋要在賓語與從句前加it 這類動詞主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to. I hate it when they with their mouths full of food. 我討厭他們滿嘴食物時說話. He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他會認為我們的計劃確實可行. We take it that you will agree with us. 我們認為你會同意我們的. When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral. 開啟發(fā)動機時, 一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置. 若賓語從句是wh-類,則不可用it代替 We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 我們都認為你所說的是不可信的. We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的東西都是有用的. 三、介詞的賓語從句 用wh-類的介詞賓語從句 We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部. The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space. 這本新書是關(guān)于神州6號載人航天飛船是如何升如太空的. 用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句 有時候except,but,besides三個介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company. 對于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一無所知. 四、形容詞的賓語從句 常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised I am sure I will pass the exam. 我確信我會通過考試. I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. 很抱歉我這么長時間在打擾你. He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill. 他很高興在他生病的時候李明能去看望他. 五、if,whether在賓語從句中的區(qū)別 if和whether在作“是否”解時,引導(dǎo)賓語從句常放在動詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介詞后一般不用if 少數(shù)動詞,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語從句常用whether. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. 在不定式前只能用whether. （如：I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留下。） 避免歧異時,我們常用whether而不用if. 六、哪些賓語從句不可以省略引導(dǎo)詞that 當(dāng)that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動詞的賓語時; 當(dāng)賓語從句較長時; 當(dāng)主語狀語置于主句尾,賓語從句之前時; 當(dāng)主語謂語動詞(包括非謂語動詞)與賓語從句之間有插入語時; 當(dāng)一個動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時,此時第一個that可以省略,第二個that不可以省略; 當(dāng)賓語從句中的主語是this,that或this,that做主語的定語時; 當(dāng)賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時; 當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時; 當(dāng)主語中的謂語動詞是固定詞組時; 當(dāng)賓語從句有it做其先行詞時; 在直接引語中,轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語從句隔開時. 七、賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移 主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時,從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致. I dont think he will come to my party.而不能說成I think he wont come to my party. 我認為他不會來我的舞會. I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我認為那個人不是Jim所殺的,是不是? 如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問句要用肯定形式. We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he? 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從來不仔細聽老師講課,是不是? 八、賓語從句的時態(tài)和語序 當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,賓語從句的時態(tài)一般不受主句的時態(tài)所影響. 當(dāng)主句為過去時 從句用一般過去時或過去進行時表示與主句謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生 I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didnt know what country he was in. 我只知道他當(dāng)時在西方的一個國家讀書,可不知道是哪個國家. He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in. 他問我他進來的時候我是否正在讀. 從句過去完成時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前 He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already. 他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關(guān)會議的事情告訴的了Mary. 從句謂語用過去將來時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之后 The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do. 記者問政府是否會采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂. 如果從句是一個客觀真理,那么從句的時態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)而變化 The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday. 老師昨天說月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn). 當(dāng)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時,不能按正常語序安排,經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首 Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year? 你認為今年公眾會選誰為他們最喜歡的歌手.編輯本段賓語從句（版本二） 學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句要抓住三要素：連接詞、語序和時態(tài)。 1.連接詞 連接詞一般都是that(指事務(wù)或人),which（指事）,who（指人） 1從句為陳述句，常選擇連接詞that或?qū)hat省略，直接與主句相連。 2從句為一般疑問句，常選擇連接詞if或whether。在 whether or not 結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用 if 替換。 3從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑問代、副詞作連接詞。 注意：當(dāng)who為主語時，句式為：who+謂語+其他 2.判斷時態(tài)情況： 1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句為各種時態(tài)情況。 2.主句是一般過去時，從句為各種相應(yīng)過去時態(tài)注意：從句描繪客觀事實，用一般現(xiàn)在時。 eg: 1. The teacher told the children that the sun round. A. was B. is C. were D. are 2. I believe that our team the basketball match. A. win B. won C. will win D. wins 3. I dont know to visit the old man. A. whether B. if C. that D. who 4.The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple( )the villagers used as a school. A.which;where B.what;which C.where;which D.what;where 答：選B，動詞reach后接賓語從句，從句缺少賓語，where不可，which引導(dǎo)賓語從句時表疑問含義“哪一個”而此句中并非疑問含義，不知道哪一座廟宇，而是用what從句表陳述含義，意“過去的一座舊廟宇”；temple后為對其修飾的定語從句，用關(guān)系代詞which代替，并在從句中作動詞used的賓語，use sth. as“把用作編輯本段賓語從句（版本三） 賓語從句，在復(fù)合句中作賓語，位于及物動詞后。 eg Tell him which class you are in Do you know what he likes？ 注： (1)主、從句時態(tài)一致： 主句謂語過去時，從句相應(yīng)過去時； He answered that he was listening to me. 主句謂語現(xiàn)在時，從句時態(tài)任所需； eg He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk. They know (that) he is working hard. 具體過去永不變，真理格言現(xiàn)在時； egHe told me that he was born in 1980. Father told me that practice makes perfect . （2）否定前移，及完成反意問句 在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等動詞后跟賓語從句否定式時，應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上去，完成反意問句時，應(yīng)與從句主、謂保持一致。（注: 否定前移的條件是，主句主語是第一人稱） eg I dont think you are right ,are you ? I