索玉柱考研英語(yǔ)“語(yǔ)段句群命題”及解析方法.doc

考研英語(yǔ)“語(yǔ)段/句群命題”及解析方法北京大學(xué)英語(yǔ)系 索玉柱博士（Dr Sony）編講第1部分 篇章誦讀與強(qiáng)化記憶 誦讀范文（1） Honoring the Legacy of Dr. KingAmericans pay tribute today to the memory of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. An American civil rights leader and Nobel Prize recipient, he challenged his country to end racism, fight injustice and eliminate poverty to, in his words, make America what it ought to be. Assassinated 40 years ago leading a peaceful protest for workers rights, his legacy is cherished by Americans of every race or creed. Frequently jailed and threatened with violence, Dr. King led the civil rights movement to a series of landmark victories. They included the enactment of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and other federal legislation and Supreme Court rulings outlawing racial discrimination in business, education, employment, voting and housing. In a time of division and violence, Dr. King had a vision of another America:I have a dream, that my 4 little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. I have a dream today. . . The Martin Luther King Day holiday, celebrated each year around the time of his birthday, January 15, honors his memory, but also seeks to advance his legacy. Unlike other national holidays when Americans have a day off from work to mark the occasion in their separate ways, people across America take part in community service projects to help the needy as a way to celebrate Dr. Kings dreams for the nation.President-elect Barack Obama, Vice President-elect Joseph Biden and their families will volunteer in the Washington area today, ahead of inauguration ceremonies January 20. The goal is to make Dr. Kings legacy of public service an even greater priority throughout American life. Because Mr. Obama is an African-American like Dr. King, his election to the nations highest office is also seen as part of the fulfillment of that legacy, that America strive to become a nation where people are judged by their character rather than the color of their skin. On Martin Luther King Day 2009, the U.S. has this too to celebrate. 345 words誦讀范文（2） Kofi Annan Speech on World Water DayDear friends,Water is essential for life. Yet many millions of people around the world face water shortages. Many millions of children die every year from water-borne diseases. And drought regularly afflicts some of the worlds poorest countries. The world needs to respond much better. We need to increase water efficiency, especially in agriculture. We need to free women and girls from the daily chore of hauling water, often over great distances. We must involve them in decision-making on water management. We need to make sanitation a priority. This is where progress is lagging most. And we must show that water resources need not be a source of conflict. Instead, they can be a catalyst for cooperation. Significant gains have been made. But a major effort is still required. That is why this year marks the beginning of the “Water for life” Decade. Our goal is to meet the internationally agreed targets for water and sanitation by 2015, and to build the foundation for further progress in the years beyond. This is an urgent matter of human development, and human dignity. Together, we can provide safe, clean water to all the worlds people. The worlds water resources are our lifeline for survival, and for sustainable development in the 21st century. Together, we must manage them better.【-此文為前任聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)在“世界水日”的講話，言簡(jiǎn)意賅，值得效法?！空b讀范文（3） The Ambition of the Short StoryBy S。MILLHAUSERThe short story how modest in bearing! How unassuming in manner! It sits there quietly, eyes lowered, almost as if trying not to be noticed. And if it should somehow attract your attention, it says quickly, in a brave little self-deprecating voice alive to all the possibilities of disappointment: “Im not a novel, you know. Not even a short one. If thats what youre looking for, you dont want me.” Rarely has one form so dominated another. And we understand, we nod our heads knowingly: here in America, size is power. The novel is the Wal-Mart, the Incredible Hulk, the jumbo jet of literature. The novel is insatiable it wants to devour the world. Whats left for the poor short story to do? It can cultivate its garden, practice meditation, water the geraniums in the window box. It can take a course in creative nonfiction. It can do whatever it likes, so long as it doesnt forget its place so long as it keeps quiet and stays out of the way. “Hoo ha!” cries the novel. “Here ah come!” The short story is always ducking for cover. The novel buys up the land, cuts down the trees, puts up the condos. The short story scampers across a lawn, squeezes under a fence. Of course there are virtues associated with smallness. Even the novel will grant as much. Large things tend to be unwieldy, clumsy, crude; smallness is the realm of elegance and grace. Its also the realm of perfection. The novel is exhaustive by nature; but the world is inexhaustible; therefore the novel, that Faustian striver, can never attain its desire. The short story by contrast is inherently selective. By excluding almost everything, it can give perfect shape to what remains. And the short story can even lay claim to a kind of completeness that eludes the novel after the initial act of radical exclusion, it can include all of the little thats left. The novel, when it remembers the short story at all, is pleased to be generous. “I admire you,” it says, placing its big rough hand over its heart. “No kidding. Youre so youre so ” So pretty! So svelte! So high class! And smart, too. The novel can hardly contain itself. After all, what difference does it make? Its nothing but talk. What the novel cares about is vastness, is power. Deep in its heart, it disdains the short story, which makes do with so little. It has no use for the short storys austerity, its suppression of appetite, its refusals and renunciations. The novel wants things. It wants territory. It wants the whole world. Perfection is the consolation of those who have nothing else. From The New York Times 第2部分 閱讀理解全真模擬題【精讀解析】Sample Texts of High Quality 高效通讀 Direction: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.Text 1Henric Ibsen ,author of the play A Dolls House, in which a pretty, helpless housewife abandons .Her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved. From January Ist ,2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors arewomen. Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003.But about 75 out of the 480 or socompanies it affects are still too male for the governments liking. They will shortly receive a letterinforming them that they have until the end of February to act , or face the legal consequences-which could include being dissolved. Before the law was proposed, about 7% of board members in Norway were female , according to the Centre for Corporate Diversity. The number has since jumped to 36%. That is far higher than the average of 9% for big companies across Europe or Americas 15% for the Fortune 500.Norways stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen. I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle, says Sverre Munck , head of international operations at a media firm. Board members of public companies should be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience,be says. Several firms have even given up their public status in order to escape the new law.Companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. Many complain that it has beenDifficult to find experienced candidates. Because of this, some of the best women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian business circles as the golden skirts. One reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegian companies-they occupy around 15% of senior positions. It has been particularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with a enough experience. Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and thatIn turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account. Recent history in Norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong directors. Women feel more compelled than men to do their homework, says Ms Reksten Skaugen , who was voted Norways chairman of the year for 2007, and we can afford to ask the hard questions, because women are not always expected to know the answers.1. The author mentions Ibsens play in the first paragraph in order to_A. depict womens dilemma at work.B. explain the newly passed law.C. support Norwegian government.D. introduce the topic under discussion.2. A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to _A. pay a heavy fine.B. close down its business.C. change to a private business.D. sign a document promising to act.3. To which of the following is Sverre Munck most likely to agree?A. A set ratio of women in a board is unreasonable.B. A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set.C. A common principle should be followed by all companies.D. An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law.4.The author attributes the phenomenon of golden skirts to_A. the small number of qualified females in management.B. the over-recruitment of female managers in public companies.C. the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positions.D. the discrimination toward women in Norwegian business circles.5. The main idea of the passage might be _A. female power and liberation in Norway.B. the significance of Henric Ibsens play.C. womens status in Norwegian firms.D. the constitution of board members in Norway. Text 2While theres never a good age to get cancer, people in their 20s and 30s can feel particularly isolated. The average age of a cancer patient at diagnosis is 67. Children with cancer often are treated at pediatric cancer centers, but young adults have a tough time finding peers, often sitting side-by-side during treatments with people who could be their grandparents. In her new book Crazy Sexy Cancer Tips, writer Kris Carr looks at cancer from the perspective of a young adult who confronts death just as shes discovering life. Ms. Carr was 31 when she was diagnosed with a rare from of cancer that had generated tumors on her liver and lungs. Ms. Carr reacted with the normal feelings of shock and sadness. She called her parents and stocked up on organic food, determined to become a full-time healing addict. Then she picked up the phone and called everyone in her address book, asking if they knew other young women with cancer. The result was her own personal cancer posse: a rock concert tour manager, a model, a fashion magazine editor, a cartoonist and a MTV celebrity, to name a few. This club of cancer babes offered support, advice and fashion tips, among other things. Ms. Carr put her cancer experience in a recent Learning Channel documentary, and she has written a practical guide about how she coped. Cancer isnt funny, but Ms. Carr often is. She swears, she makes up names for the people who treat her ( Dr. Fabulous and Dr. Guru ), and she even makes second sound fun (cancer road trips, she calls them). She leaves the medical advice to doctors, instead offering insightful and practical tips that reflect the world view of a young adult. I refused to let cancer ruin my party, she writes. Thereare just too many cool things to do and plan and live for. Ms. Carr still has cancer, but it has stopped progressing. Her cancer tips include using time-saving mass e-mails to keep friends informed, sewing or buying fashionable hospital gowns so youre not stuck with regulation blue or gray and playing Gloria Gaynors I Will Survive so loud you neighbors call the police. Ms. Carr also advises an eyebrow wax and a new outfit before you tell the important people in your illness. people you tell are going to cautious and not so cautiously try to see the cancer, so dazzle them instead with your miracle, she writes. While her advice may sound superficial, it gets to the heart of what every cancer patient wants: the chance to live life just as she always did, and maybe better.6. Which of the following groups is more vulnerable to cancer?A. Children.B. People in their 20s and 30s.C. Young adults.D. Elderly people.7. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT Kris Carr _A. is a female writerB. is more than 31-year-old.C. works in a cancer center.D. is very optimistic.8. The phrase cancer posse (Line 4, Para.3 ) probably refers to _A. a cancer research organization.B. a group of people who suffer from cancer.C. people who have recovered from cancer.D. people who cope with cancer.9. Kris Carr make up names for the people who treat her because _A. she is depressed and likes swearing.B. she is funny and likes playing jokes on doctor.C. she wants to leave the medical advice to doctor.D. she tries to leave a good impression on doctor.10. From Kris Carrs cancer tips we may infer that _A. she learned to use e-mails after she got cancer.B. she wears fashionable dress even after suffering from cancer.C. hospital gowns for cancer patients are usually not in bright colors.D. the neighbors are very friendly with cancer patients. Text 3Should a leader strive to be loved or feared?This question,famously posed by Machiavelli,lies at the heart of Joseph Nyes new book. Mr.Nye, a former dean of the Kennedy School of Govemment at Harvard and one-time chairman of Americas National Intelligence Council, is best known for promoting the idea of soft power, based on persuasion and influence, as a counterpoint to hard power, based on coercion and force.Having analyzed the use of soft and hard power in politics and diplomacy in his previous books, Mr. Nye has now turned his attention to the relationship between power and leadership,in both the political and business spheres.Machiavelli, he notes,concluded that one ought to be both feared and loved, but as it is difficult for the two to go together,it is much safer to be feared than loved. In short, hard power is preferable to soft power.But modem leadership theorists have come to the opposite conclusion.The context of leadership is changing, the observe, and the historical emphasis on hard power is becoming outdated. In modem companies and democracies, power is increasingly diffused and traditional hierarchies are being undermined, making soft power ever more important.But that does not mean coercion should now take a back seat to persuasion.Mr.Nye argues. Instead,he advocates a synthesis of these two views. The conclusion of The Powers to Lead ,his survey of the theory of leadership,is that a combination of hard and soft power,which he calls ”smart power”, is the best approach.The dominant theoretical model of leadership at the moment is, apparently, the “transformational leadership pattern”. Anone allergic to management term will already be running for the exit,but Mr,Nye has performed a valuable service in rounding up and summarizing the various academic studies and theories of leadcriship into a single, slim volume.He examines different approaches to leadership, the morality of leadership and how the wider context can determine the effcctiveness of a particular leader.There are plcnty of anccdotes and examples, both historical and contemporary,political and corporate.Alsa, leadership is a slippery subject, and as he depicts various theories, even Mr. Nye never quite nails the jelly to the wall.He is at his most interesting when discussing the moral aspects of leadership in particular, the question of whether it is sometimes necessary for good leaders to lie -and he provides a helpful 12-point summary of his conclusions. A recuming theme is that as circumstances change, different sorts of leadcrs are required; a leader who thrives in one environment may struggle in another, and vice versa. Ultimately that is just a fancy way of saying that leadcrship offers no casy answers.11. From the first two paragraphs we may learn than Mr. Machiavellis idea of hard power is _A. well accepted by Joseph Nye.B. very influential till nowadays.C. based on sound theories.D. contrary to that of modem leadership theorists.12. Which of the following makes soft power more important today according to Mr. Nye?A. Coercion is widespread.B. Morality is devalued.C. Power is no longer concentrated.D. Traditional hierarchies are strengthened13. In his book the Powers to lead, Mr. Nye has exmined all the following aspects of leadership EXCEPT_A. authority.B. context.C. approaches.D. morality.14. Mr. Nyes book is particularly valuable in that it _A. makes little use of management terms.B. summarizes various studies concisely.C. serves as an exit for leadership researchers.D. sets a model for contemporary corporate leaders.15. According to the author, the most interesting part of Mr. Nyes book lies in his _A. view of changeable leadership.B. definition of good leadership.C. summary of leadership history.D. discussion of moral leadership. Text 4Americans dont like to lose wars. Of course, a lot depends on how yo