2010年全國高考英語試題及答案-上海.doc

2010年全國普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試上海 英語試卷 后二位 校驗碼號碼考生注意：1. 本試卷分為第卷（第1-12頁）和第卷（第13頁）兩部分。全卷共13頁。滿分150分?？荚嚂r間120分鐘。2. 答第I卷前，考生務(wù)必在答題卡和答題紙上用鋼筆或圓珠筆清楚填寫姓名和準考證號，并用鉛筆在答題卡上正確涂寫準考證號和校驗碼。3. 第I卷（1-16小題，25-80小題）由機器閱卷，答案必須全部涂寫在答題卡上?？忌鷳?yīng)將代表正確答案的小方格用鉛筆涂黑。注意試題題號和答題卡編號一一對應(yīng)，不能錯位。答案需要更改時，必須將原選項用橡皮擦去，重新選擇。答案不能涂寫在試卷上，涂寫在試卷上一律不給分。第I卷中的第17-24小題、81-84小題和第II卷的試題，其答案用鋼筆或圓珠筆寫在答題卡上，如用鉛筆答題，或?qū)懺谠嚲砩弦惨宦刹唤o分。第I卷 （105分）I. Listening Comprehension II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. Sean has formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.A. between B. along C. below D. with答案：B考點：考察介詞的用法解析：，根據(jù)句意“Sean已經(jīng)形成了每天沿著綠蔭大道慢跑兩小時的習慣”，表示“沿著”時，應(yīng)該選B。26. It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was journey.A. three hour B. a three-hours C. a three-hour D. three hours答案：C考點：此題考查復(fù)合形容詞解析：數(shù)詞+連字符+名詞的用法,連字符連接的詞作名詞定語且用單數(shù)。意為“三小時的路程”27. If our parents do everything for us children, we wont learn to depend on A. themselves B. them C. us D. ourselves答案：D考點：本題考查反身代詞解析：主語為we，因此應(yīng)為ourselves. depend on oneself:自力更生。根據(jù)句意，選D。28. Every few years, the coal workers their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had答案：B考點：本題考查時態(tài)。解析：根據(jù)時間狀語every few years,可判斷本句應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時，因此答案選B。29. -Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.-Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A. must B. mustnt C. should D. shouldnt答案：C考點：本題考查的是虛擬語氣解析：此處表示和過去事實相反的情況，應(yīng)該用should + have + 過去分詞。本來應(yīng)該做，而未做30. In ancient times, people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled the local market. A. longer than B. more than C. as much as D. as far as答案：D考點：本題考查介詞詞組。解析：根據(jù)動詞travel可判斷此處應(yīng)填關(guān)于路程的介詞詞組，本題即為as far as。as far as遠到.31. The church tower which will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored答案：D考點：本題考查被動語態(tài)。解析：Restore意思為修復(fù)，而最后一句表明工程還未完成，因此為正在修復(fù)中，答案選D.32. I had great difficulty the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. A. find B. found C. to find D. finding答案：D考點：固定詞組解析：have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困難。33. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories. A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused答案：A考點：本題考查非謂語動詞。解析：keep+sb. /sth. +done,根據(jù)句意，sb.與它后面的動詞成被動關(guān)系，故選A.34. you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problemC. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem答案：C考點：讓步狀語從句解析：根據(jù)句意“無論你有多么嚴重的問題，你都應(yīng)該鼓起勇氣面對挑戰(zhàn)”，而however表讓步時其順序應(yīng)是：however + 形容詞 + 主語 + 謂語。however做連接副詞，相當于no matter how,后接形容詞或副詞，意為“無論、不管” ，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，其序為“however+形容詞、副詞+主語+謂語”。35. the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached答案：A考點：本題考查非謂語動詞。 解析：考察現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示正在進行或主動的動作。此時分詞的邏輯主語就是主句的主語，因此要注意人稱、時態(tài)和語態(tài)的一致性。36. One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A. that B. how C. what D. why答案：A考點：此處考查的是同位語從句。解析：考察that引導(dǎo)同位語從句的用法。此處that不可以省略。37. When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know . A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is enteringC. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering答案：B考點：本題考查賓語從句。解析：which引導(dǎo)的句子做know的賓語，句子用陳述語序。38. Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which答案：C考點：此處考查的是介詞加疑問詞引導(dǎo)從句 解析：考察介詞+which的用法。=Wind power is an ancient source of energy whichthatwe may return to in the near future. 39. our manage objects to Toms joining the club, we shall accept him as a member. A. Until B. Unless C. If D. After答案：B考點：連詞解析：此句意思是“除非我們經(jīng)理反對tom加入俱樂部，不然我們都應(yīng)接受他成為其中一員?！?0. Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce答案：B考點：此處考查非謂語動詞。解析：此處應(yīng)該用不定式the way to do sth表示做的途徑、方式。the only way to do,we can imagine 做定語，前面省略了that.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. additional B. producing C. regular D. predicted E. identifiedE atmosphere G. matched H. reducing I. carried J. increaseForests in the northern half of the globe could be growing faster now than they were 200 years ago as a result of climate change, according to a study of trees in eastern America. The trees appear to have faster growth rates due to longer growing seasons and higher concentrations (濃度) of carbon dioxide in the _41_.Geoffrey Parker, a scientist at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Centre in Edgewater. Maryland, said that the increase in the rate of growth was unexpected and might be _42_ to the higher temperatures and longer growing seasons documented in the region. The growth may also be influenced by the significant _43_ in atmospheric CO2, he said.We made a list of reasons these forests could be growing faster and then excluded half of them, Dr. Parker said. Their study suggests that northern forests may become increasingly important in _44_ the influence of man-made CO2 on the climate.Dr. Parker and his colleagues have _45_ out a detailed record of the trees on a(n) _46_ basis since 1987. They calculated that due to the global warming the forest is producing _47_ tons of wood each year.The scientists _48_ the land with trees at different stages of growth and found that both young and old trees were showing increased growth rate. More than 90 per cent of the tree groups had grown by between two and four times faster than the scientists had _49_ from estimates of the long-term rates of growth.【解析】41. F. 此句意思是大氣中二氧化碳的濃度加深。42. G. 43. J. 大氣中二氧化碳的增加用increase。44. H. 根據(jù)常識，森林的增加有助于減少二氧化碳對天氣的影響。45. I. carry out 實行，實施。46. C. on a regular basis: 定期的47. A. 根據(jù)文章大意，可知此處應(yīng)是產(chǎn)生額外的(additional)木材。48. E.49. D.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece, If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing _50_. What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, _51_ revising. Andrew Lloyd Webbers musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, when Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had. _52_ several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup (戲服和化妝). For instance, Lloyd Webber _53_ some of the music because the Phantoms makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds. When you revise, you change aspects of your work in _54_ to your evolving purpose, or to include _55_ ideas or newly discovered information. Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment. _56_, it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way. Even your decision to _57_. topics while prewriting is a type of revising. However. dont make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows _58_. Always make time to become your own _59_and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak. Reviewing your work in this way can give you _60_ new ideas.Revising involves _61_ the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present. When you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose _62_ throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the _63_ that is, facts, opinions, inferences - that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I included too many _64_ details that may confuse readers?50. A. technique B. style C. process D. career51. A. in particular B. as a result C. for example D. in other words52. A. undergone B. skipped C. rejected D. replaced53. A. rewrote B. released C. recorded D. reserved54. A. addition B. response C. opposition D. contrast55. A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh56. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore57. A. discuss B. switch C. exhaust D. cover58. A. drafting B. rearranging C. performing D. training59. A. director B. master C. audience D. visitor60. A. personal B. valuable C. basic D. delicate61. A. mixing B. weakening C. maintaining D. assessing62. A. amazing B. bright C. unique D. clear63. A. angles B. evidence C. information D. hints64. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. concrete D. final【文章大意】修改是作品寫作過程中非常重要且必須的步驟。文章講敘了作品修改的目的和途徑。50.答案：C考點：本題考查名詞辨析解析：參照下文的“Andrew Lloyd Webbers musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.”和“However. dont make the mistake of skipping the revision stage”。名詞technique（技術(shù)）、style（風格）、career（事業(yè)、生涯）都不符題意。本題難度適中。51.答案：D考點：本題考查介詞短語辨析解析：前面adding, deleting, replacing, reordering都是revising的方面，所以revising和這些名詞同義；介詞短語in other words表示“換句話說”。介詞短語in particular（尤其、特別表強調(diào)）、as a result（因此，表結(jié)果）、for example（例如，表舉例說明）都不符題意。本題難度適中。52.答案：A考點：本題考查動詞辨析解析：動詞skip（跳遠）、reject（拒絕、抵制）replace（取代）都不符題意。人們觀看的是完美的表演，但表演之前作品經(jīng)歷了（undergo）多次修改，與上段的“Andrew Lloyd Webbers musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.”對應(yīng)。本題難度適中。53.答案：A考點：本題考查動詞辨析解析：動詞release（釋放、赦免、發(fā)行）、record（記錄、錄音）、reserve（保留、預(yù)訂）都不符題意。動詞rewrite表示“重寫、修改”，與動詞revise同義，與本篇文話題相關(guān)。本題難度適中。54.答案：B考點：本題考查介詞短語辨析解析：介詞短語in addition to表示“而且、除之外還有”，in opposition to表示“與.的意見相反”，in contrast to表示“與.形成對比”，都與本題不符。in response to（作為對的反應(yīng)）在本句表示“你修改作品是對你想改進作品目的的一種回應(yīng)”本題難。55.答案：D考點：本題考查形容詞辨析解析：fresh ideas 與后面的newly discovered information對應(yīng)。本題難度適中。56.答案：B考點：本題考查副詞辨析解析：副詞Moreover（而且）類似與but also表遞進含義，與前面句not just（only）呼應(yīng)。副詞However（然而，表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系）、Instead（作為替代、反而，表相反含義）、Therefore（因此，表原因）都不符題意。本題難度適中。57.答案：B考點：本題考查動詞辨析解析：switch topics（變換標題）屬于修改作品的一部分。動詞discuss（討論）、exhaust（汲干、使筋疲力盡）、cover（覆蓋、包含）都不符題意。本題難度適中。58.答案：D考點：本題考查動名詞辨析解析：名詞drafting（起草）、rearranging（重新安排）、performing（表演）都與題意不符。名詞training.（培訓(xùn)）在本句表示“排練”，與上文dress rehearsals / tryouts同義。本題難。59.答案：C考點：本題考查名詞辨析解析：名詞audience（觀眾）與下句view your dress rehearsal對應(yīng)。名詞director（導(dǎo)演）、master（主人、大師）、visitor（來訪者）都與題意不符。本題難度適中。60.答案：B考點：本題考查形容詞辨析解析：形容詞valuable表示“做自己作品的觀眾能給你有價值的新信息”。形容詞personal（個人的）、basic（基本的）、delicate（嬌貴的、纖弱的、精美的）都與題意不符。本題難度適中。61.答案：A考點：本題考查動詞辨析解析：動詞mix在本句表示“修改就是把作品所有方面的有效性和適當性融合在一起”。本題難。62.答案：D考點：本題考查形容詞辨析解析：形容詞clear在本句表示“我的文章大意或?qū)懽饕鈭D是否清晰”，與下文confuse readers對應(yīng)。形容詞amazing（令人驚訝的）、bright（明亮的、聰明的）、unique（獨特的）都與題意不符。本題難度適中。63.答案：C考點：本題考查名詞辨析解析：后句名稱facts、opinions、inferences都屬于information，與上句newly discovered information對應(yīng)。本題難度適中。64.答案：A考點：本題考查形容詞辨析解析：形容詞unnecessary details表示“多余的信息”反而使讀者困惑、誤導(dǎo)讀者。形容詞uninteresting（單調(diào)的、乏味的）、concrete（具體的）、final（最終的、決定性的）都與題意不符。本題難。Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A) The elephant was lying heavily on its side, fast asleep. A few dogs started barking at it. The elephant woke up in a terrible anger: it chased the dogs into the village where they ran for safety.That didnt stop the elephant. It destroyed a dozen houses and injured several people. The villagers were scared and angry. Then someone suggested calling Parbati, the elephant princess. Parbati Baruas father was a hunter of tigers and an elephant tamer. He taught Parbati to ride an elephant before she could even walk. He also taught her the dangerous art of the elephant round-up - how to catch wild elephants. Parbati hasnt always lived in the jungle. After a happy childhood hunting with her father, she was sent to boarding school in the city. But Parbati never got used to being there and many years later she went back to her old life. Life in the city is too dull. Catching elephants is an adventure and the excitement lasts for days after the chase, she says. But Parbati doesnt catch elephants just for fun. My work, she says, is to rescue man from the elephants, and to keep the elephants safe from man. And this is exactly what Parbati has been doing for many years. Increasingly, the Indian elephant is angry: for many years, illegal hunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small pieces of land. It is now fighting back. Whenever wild elephants enter a tea garden or a village, Parbati is called to guide the animals back to the jungle before they can kill. The work of an elephant tamer also involves love and devotion. A good elephant tamer will spend hours a day singing love songs to a newly captured elephant. Eventually they grow to love their tamers and never forget them. They are also more loyal than humans, she said, as she climbed up one of her elephants and sat on the giant, happy animal. An elephant princess indeed!65. For Parbati, catching elephants is mainly to . A. get long lasting excitement B. keep both man and elephants safe C. send them back to the jungle D. make the angry elephants tame66. Before Parbati studied in a boarding school, . A. she spent her time hunting with her father B. she learned how to sing love songs C. she had already been called an elephant princess D. she was taught how to hunt tigers67. Indian elephants are getting increasingly angry and they revenge because _. A. they are caught and sent for heavy work B. illegal hunters capture them and kill them C. they are attacked and their land gets limited D. dogs often bark at them and chase them68. The passage starts with an elephant story in order to explain that in India _. A. people easily fall victim to elephants attacks B. the man-elephant relationship is getting worse C. elephant tamers are in short supply D. dogs are as powerful as elephants65. B. 本題為歸納概括題。通讀全文可知Parbati主要是為了保障大象與人之間的安全而馴象的。66. A. 通讀文章后可知她從小與父親一起在叢林中度過了她的童年，之后才去寄宿學(xué)校的。67. C. 可從文章第四段直接得出答案。68. B. 邏輯推理題。(B) Trevor, C. O., Lansford, B. and Black, J. W., 2004, Employee turnover (人事變更) and job performance: monitoring the influences of salary growth and promotion, Journal of Armchair Psychology, vol. 113, no.1, pp. 56-64. In this article Trevor et al. review the influences of pay and job opportunities in respect of job performance, turnover rates and employees job attitude. The authors use data gained through organizational surveys of blue-chip companies in Vancouver, Canada to try to identify the main cause of employee turnover and whether it is linked to salary growth. Their research focuses on assessing a range of pay structures such as pay for performance and organizational reward plans. The article is useful as Trevor et al. suggest that there are numerous reasons for employee turnover and a variety of differences in employees job attitude and performance. The main limitation of the article is that the survey sample was restricted to mid-level management, thus the authors indicate that further, more extensive research needs to be undertaken to develop a more in-depth understanding of employee turnover and job performance. As this article was published in a professional journal, the findings can be considered reliable. It will be useful additional information for the research on pay structures. The following card includes a brief summary and a short assessment of a research paper. It can provide a guide for further reading on the topic.69. The research paper published is primarily concerned with A. the way of preventing employee turnover B. methods of improving employee performance C. factors affecting employee turnover and performance D. pay structures based on employee performance70. As is mentioned in the card, the limitation of the research paper mainly lies in that . A. the data analysis is hardly reliable B. the research sample is not wide enough C. the findings are of no practical valueD. the research method is out-of-date71. Who might be most interested in this piece of information? A. Job h