初二下冊英語知識點總結.doc

Unit 1 Will people have robots?重點語法：一般將來時態(tài)的應用 do/does 的一般將來時態(tài)形式：(shall/will) do do/does 的一般將來時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)：(shall/will) be done一般將來時態(tài)的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式：肯定句例句：People will have robots in a few years.否定句例句：People (will not/wont) have robots in a few years.一般疑問句例句：Will people have robots in a few years?特殊疑問句例句：What will people have in a few years?重點短語：wont = will not theyll = they will shell = she will hell = he will Ill = I will fall in love with(sb./sth.) 愛上（某人/某物） be able to do sth. 能夠做某事 come true 實現 in the future 未來 hundreds of 數以百計的 thousands of 數以千計的 look for(sb./sth.) 尋找（某人/某物） will would 情態(tài)動詞 will 的原形和過去式 may might 情態(tài)動詞 may 的原形和過去式Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)Look at the title and picture, and predict what you will read about. (看著標題和圖片，預知你要閱讀那些方面的內容。)This helps you get ready to acquire new information. (這樣可以幫助你獲得一些新的信息。)Unit 2 What should I do?重點語法：過去將來時態(tài)（將來時態(tài)的委婉說法） do/does 的過去將來時態(tài)形式：(should/would) do do/does 的過去將來時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)：(should/would) be done過去將來時態(tài)的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式：肯定句例句：You should write a letter to him.否定句例句：You shouldnt write a letter to him.一般疑問句例句：Should I write a letter to him?特殊疑問句例句：What should I do?重點短語：keep sb. out 不讓某人進入 Whats wrong? = Whats the matter? = Whats the problem? 怎么了？ out of style 不時髦的；過時的 call sb. up 給某人打電話 pay for sth. 為某事付款 part-time job 兼職工作 the same as = be same (to/with) 與同樣 in style 時髦的；流行的 get on well with sb. = get along well with sb. 與某人相處（好） didnt = did not couldnt = could not as . as possible 盡可能(eg/ as soon as possible 盡快) all kinds of 各種；許多 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 ask sb. for sth. = ask sb. to do sth. 請求某人做某事 ask sb. not to do sth. 請求某人不要做某事 spend (money) on sth. = spend (money) in doing sth. 花錢做某事 sth. cost sb. (money) 某人花錢為了某事 take sb. sometime to do sth. 花某人時間做某事 find out 查明 find sb. doing sth. 發(fā)現某人做某事 be angry with sb. 生某人的氣 be angry at sth. 生某事的氣 the same age as = as old as 與某人年齡一樣 have fight with sb. 與某人打架 learn to do sth. 學會做某事 not . until . 直到才 compare sth.(A) with sth.(B) 把某事(A)與某事(B)作比較 its time for sth. = its time to do sth. 到該做某事的時間了 maybe adv. 或許 may be （情態(tài)動詞 + 動詞原形）可能是 shall should 情態(tài)動詞 shall 的原形和過去式 pay paid paid 動詞 pay 的原形、過去式和過去分詞Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)You will learn to use new words better if you use a learners dictionary. (時刻學著應用新單詞來學習比時刻使用字典這種途徑方法更好。)A bilingual dictionary sometimes gives the wrong meaning for the situation you want. (在某些你需要的場合下，一本雙語字典有時會給你錯誤的解釋。)Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?重點語法：過去進行時態(tài) do/does 的過去進行時態(tài)形式：(was/were) doing do/does 的過去進行時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)：(was/were) being done過去將來時態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式：肯定句例句：I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.否定句例句：I wasnt walking down the street when a UFO landed.一般疑問句例句：Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?特殊疑問句例句：What were you doing when a UFO landed?動詞 when 和 while 的選擇：when 后加瞬間動詞，while 后加延續(xù)性動詞。例句：The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed. =While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.感嘆句結構：(1) How + adj. + the + 主語 + 謂語動詞 =(2) What + (a/an) + adj. + n. + 主語 + 謂語動詞例句：What a beautiful flower it is! =How beautiful the flower is! What beautiful flowers they are! =How beautiful the flowers are!重點短語：get out 出去；離開 take off 起飛 run away 逃跑；跑掉 come in 進來 hear about = hear of 聽說 take place 發(fā)生 as . as 像一樣(eg/ as old as him 像他一樣老) anywhere = everywhere = here and there 任何地方 think about 考慮 think of 認為 get up = get out of the bed 起床 at the doctors 在診所 every day 每一天 everyday adj. 日常的 most adj. 大部分 the most 最多的 in space 在太空中 national hero 民族英雄 all over the world = in the world 全世界Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)The title can be helpful for you to understand a text. (一篇文章的標題可以幫助你理解整篇文章。)Its also a good idea to read the first sentence of each paragraph before you read. (在閱讀整篇文章之前，閱讀每段的第一句話也是一個很有效的方法。)Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.重點語法：賓語從句結構：主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語從句(主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語/表語)例句：-Im good at English. He says. (改為加賓語從句的復合句) -He says Im good at English.注意：主句是一般現在時態(tài)，賓語從句的時態(tài)不受其影響。 例句：He says Im good at English now. He says I was good at mathematics when I was young. 主句是過去時態(tài)，賓語從句也要用過去時態(tài)。 例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday. He said I was good at English now yesterday. 賓語從句是客觀真理時永遠用一般現在時態(tài)。 例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day. Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday. 動詞原形不能作主語，必須用其 -ing 形式。 例句：She said helping others changed her life.重點短語：direct speech 直接引語 reported speech = indirect speech 間接引語 first of all = at first 首先 pass on 傳遞 be supposed to do sth. 應該做某事 be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 in good health 身體健康 get over 克服 open up 打開 care for = take care of = look after 照料；照顧 not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再 have a cold 感冒 end-of-year exam 年終考試 get nervous 變得緊張 forget to do sth. 忘記做某事（該事未做） forget doing sth. 忘記做某事（該事已做） its + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 做某事對某人來說（加形容詞） context 上下文Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)First read for meaning, not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的細節(jié)部分。)You can understand the meaning of a word you dont know from the context. (至于不懂的單詞，你可以通過上下文來尋找它的正確釋義。)Unit 5 If you go to the party, youll have a great time!重點語法：if 引導的條件狀語從句結構：主句 + if + 條件狀語從句 if + 條件狀語從句 + (comma) + 主句注意：在 if 引導的條件狀語從句中，主句應用將來時態(tài)，狀語從句用一般現在時態(tài)。例句：Youll have a great time if you go to the party. =If you go to the party, youll have a great time.重點短語：take away 拿走 around the world = all over the world 在世界各地 make a living 謀生 all the time = always 一直 Whats the problem? = Whats the matter? = Whats wrong? 怎么了？ in order to do sth. 為了做某事 make sb. do sth. 使得某人做某事（to 省略，該結構是一個不帶 to 的不定式。） make sb. adj. 使得某人（加形容詞） make sb. done 使得某人被做 be famous for 為而出名 be famous as 作為而出名 in class 在課堂上 spend .(time/money) on sth. = spend .(time/money) in doing sth. 花（時間/錢）用于做某事 see sb. do sth. 看見某人做某事（強調整個過程） see sb. doing sth. 看見某人做某事（強調偶然性） say said said 動詞 say 的原形、過去式和過去分詞 tell told told 動詞 tell 的原形、過去式和過去分詞 eat ate eaten 動詞 eat 的原形、過去式和過去分詞 speak spoke spoken 動詞 speak 的原形、過去式和過去分詞Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?重點語法：現在完成進行時態(tài) do/does 的現在完成進行時態(tài)形式：have/has been doing do/does 的現在完成進行時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)：have/has been being done現在完成進行時態(tài)所應用的場合：某事從過去發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現在都在做過去發(fā)生的動作對現在造成影響例：我已上了三年初中。 I have been in Junior School for 3 years. 自從那次他與我談過心后，我天天都在進步。 I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.現在完成進行時態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式：肯定句例句：I have been skating for five hours.否定句例句：I havent been skating for five hours.一般疑問句例句：Have you been skating for five hours?特殊疑問句例句：How long have you been skating?注意：瞬間動詞不能和一段時間連用。例句：你借這本書已經多長時間了？ How long have you been keeping this book?重點短語：run out of 用完；用盡 by the way 順便說說 be interested in doing sth. 對某事感興趣 more than 比多 far away 在遠處 would like to do sth. = want to do sth. = feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物贈送給某人 in fact 實際上 room 房間（用于可數名詞）；空間（用于不可數名詞） common more common the most common 形容詞 common 的原級、比較級和最高級Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)Let your eyes scan the text quickly to find details that youre looking for. (在閱讀文章之前，用眼睛“橫掃”整篇文章，快速尋找你需要的文章要點。)You can find information quickly without reading the whole text. (這樣你就不用細讀整篇文章，就能尋找到你需要的一些信息。)Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?重點語法：mind ones doing sth. 介意（某人）做某事重點短語：not at all 一點也不 turn down 調節(jié)使音量變小 right away = in a minute = at once 立刻；馬上 wait in line 排隊等候 cut in line 插隊等候 hasnt = has not keep . down 壓低聲音；使緩和 at first = first of all 首先 take care 當心；小心 take care of = care about = look after 關心；照顧 break the rule 違規(guī) obey the rule 遵守規(guī)定 put out 熄滅 pick sth. up 撿起某物 wait for sb. 等候某人 depend on 依賴；依靠 get back = return 要回 mean meant meant 動詞 mean 的原形、過去式和過去分詞Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)As we read, we need to find topic sentences.(在我們閱讀的時候，我們需要尋找“主題語句”，也就是和文章中心最相關的語句。) These sentences usually gives us a summary, or overall meaning of each paragraph and help us understand what the paragraph is about.(這些語句通常會給我們一些文章的“概要”，或者每個文段的全部意思，來幫助我們理解段落大意。) After the topic sentence comes more detail and explanation.(當“主題語句”出現后，該段的一些解釋和細節(jié)也就會隨之出現。)Unit 8 Why dont you get her a scarf?重點語法：詢問別人為什么要做或者不做某事 why dont you do sth. = why not do sth. 例句：Why dont you get her a camera? = Why not get her a camera? what about = how about 例句：How about some tennis balls? = What about some tennis balls?重點短語：fall asleep 入睡 give away 贈送；分發(fā) hear of = hear about 聽說 take an interest in = be interested in 對感興趣 make friends with 與交友 make progress 取得進步 keep kept kept 動詞 keep 的原形、過去式和過去分詞 feed fed fed 動詞 feed 的原形、過去式和過去分詞 fall fell fallen 動詞 fall 的原形、過去式和過去分詞 hear heard heard 動詞 hear 的原形、過去式和過去分詞Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)To understand the important ideas from the text, we must summarize.(為了了解文段最主要的意圖，我們必須要進行總結。) Do this by answering who, what, where, why questions as you read.(在閱讀時，常注意回答時間、地點、人物這些基本要素問題，達到總結的目的。)Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement?重點語法：現在完成時態(tài) do/does 的現在完成時態(tài)形式：(have/has) done do/does 的現在完成時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)：(have/has) been done 現在完成時態(tài)主要強調過去發(fā)生的事情對現在的影響。例句：我去年去過美國，那是我第一次出國。 I have ever bee