高考英語第二輪熱點(diǎn)專題復(fù)習(xí) 倒裝結(jié)構(gòu).doc

2009年高考英語第二輪熱點(diǎn)專題復(fù)習(xí)倒裝句一、考情分析近年來，特殊句式已經(jīng)成為高考的熱點(diǎn)，而倒裝句又是熱點(diǎn)之熱點(diǎn)。在近五年的高考試卷中考查這一語法現(xiàn)象的試題就有38個，僅在2008年高考試題中，就涉及6道試題，所占比例頗大。命題者加大了對句子結(jié)構(gòu)和知識面的考查，同時注重考查知識之間的交叉和語法知識的力度。這就要求我們在平時的復(fù)習(xí)和備考中注意總結(jié)，全面把握，深入研究。下面我結(jié)合本人的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗把對這一語法的規(guī)律和大家共同探討一下，希望能對同學(xué)們有所幫助。通過分析我認(rèn)為倒裝句有以下六大考點(diǎn):（1）含有否定意義的副詞放在句首引起的部分倒裝（2）含有否定意義的連接詞置于句首引起的部分倒裝（3） “so（nor, neither）+助動詞 + 主語”與“so（nor, neither）+主語+助動詞”之間的區(qū)別以及與“ so + 主語+ 助動詞”的句式區(qū)別（4）省略if的虛擬條件句以had / were / should開頭引起的部分倒裝（5）not until置于句首引起后面句子的部分倒裝（6）only短語置于句首引起的部分倒裝二、方法技巧點(diǎn)撥1. 考前應(yīng)認(rèn)真研讀高考題目，了解命題人的意圖，對高考方向有所把握。2.倒裝句在句式上考生不是很習(xí)慣，故考生得從多方面入手，熟悉各種倒裝句式，以不變應(yīng)萬變。3.要注意倒裝句中的主謂一致、時態(tài)一致及人稱一致等問題。4.加強(qiáng)理解分析能力，切忌機(jī)械記憶，注意知識間的交叉，分清句子成分。5.在平時的學(xué)習(xí)中盡最大努力運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識，達(dá)到熟能生巧的目的。三、倒裝句的有關(guān)知識英語最基本的語序是主語在前，謂語動詞在后。但有時由于句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，就要采用倒裝形式。將謂語動詞完全移到主語之前稱為完全倒裝，只將助動詞、系動詞、或情態(tài)動詞放到主語之前稱為部分倒裝。1.完全倒裝的情況：Tthere be 句型表示“存在”時，there是引導(dǎo)詞，主語在be后，此時為全部倒裝。注意：1.be與其后的主語保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。2.其中be有時可用live,stand,lie,seem,happen ,appear,come,remain代替。eg. There is a box on the table.在以here, there,now,then,such等副詞開頭的某些句子里，謂語動詞是be,go,come等時用全部倒裝。eg. There goes the bell.Here is an apple for you.注意：如果主語是人稱代詞，主語和主要動詞的詞序不變。Eg.There she comes.直接引語的全部或一部分放在句首時，主句中的主謂也常直接倒裝。eg. “Very well,” said the French student.“Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea, please.” said he.地點(diǎn)、方位副詞，如 up, down, out, away, in位于句首時用全部倒裝。eg. Away hurried the boy.Out rushed the girl.注意：若主語為人稱代詞，主語和謂語動詞的位置不變，只將副詞放在句首。 Eg. Out you go.such置于句首時，用完全倒裝。 Eg.Such are the facts;no one can understand them.2.部分倒裝的情況：only放在句首，修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句時eg. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.Only in this way can we learn English well.注意：如果only后的詞組不是狀語，不需倒裝。eg. Only Wang Lili knows this.否定副詞never, little, hardly, not only, few, not, seldom等位于句首時，采用部分倒裝。eg. Little did he say at the meeting.Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army. 注意：如不放在句首就不要倒裝。eg.I shall never forget the day when I joined the Army.用在以so, nor, neither開頭，表示謂語所述的情況也適用于另一個人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示“也一樣”、“也這樣”；nor, neither用于否定句，表示“同樣也不，也不這樣”。eg. I am watching TV. So is she.My parents didnt watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) did I.注意：so表示“是的，確實”時，主謂不倒裝。Eg. He is a good boy. SO he is.否定意義的詞或詞組放在句首時，應(yīng)采用部分倒裝。這類詞或詞組常用的有：rarely,scarely,not a bit（一點(diǎn)也不）,not until（直到才）,hardlywhen,no soonerthan（一就）,at no time（從不）,by no means（絕不）,in no,case（絕不）,in vain（無效，沒有用）,on no condition（絕不）.在so.that,such.that句型位于句首時，主句需部分倒裝，從句不倒裝。（so和such部分要倒裝，that從句不倒裝）。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時要倒裝（形容詞/ 副詞/ 名詞/ 動詞 + as + 主語 + 謂語）。eg. Proud as they are, they are afraid to see me.Child as he is, he seems to know everything.（child前不加冠詞）Hard as he worded, he made little progress.在虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)中，條件從句的謂語含有were, had 和should這三個詞是，可省去if，將這些詞移至主語之前。eg. Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help you.Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad.Should he come (=If he should come), tell him to ring me up.四、高考試題分析（08年各地高考試題）（江蘇卷 32）_ you eat the correct foods _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.A. only if; will you B. Only if; you will C. Unless; will you D. Unless; you will解析：句意：只有正確飲食，你才能保持身體健康。從句意可知unless不符合題意。D項應(yīng)在will后加not。Only if 表條件且位于句首，應(yīng)用部分倒裝。答案：A點(diǎn)評：做部分倒裝時，應(yīng)特別注意only(if)位于句首的情況。（江西卷 31）It was announced that only when the fire was under control _ to return to their homes.A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permittedC. would be residents be permitted D. the residents had been permitted解析：句意：據(jù)宣稱只有當(dāng)火勢得到控制的時候，居民們才可以返回家中。Only+when從句放在句首時，用部分倒裝。時態(tài)應(yīng)用過去將來時。答案：C點(diǎn)評：我們做題時一定要熟悉有關(guān)倒裝句的知識，同時分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和時態(tài)。（遼寧卷 35）35. Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _.A. I was neitherB. neither was IC. I was eitherD. either was I解析：比爾對賈森做報告推遲這件事表示不高興，我也不高興?？疾閚either表否定時，位于句首引起部分倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)。Either無此用法。答案：B點(diǎn)評：我們要切記neither/nor+系動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+sb表示某人也不的用法。（陜西卷 7）Not until the motorbike looked almost new _ repairing and cleaning it.A. he stopped B. did he stop C. stopped he D. he did stop解析：句意：他把摩托車擦洗和修補(bǔ)的和新的一樣時才停下來。Not until引導(dǎo)的狀語從句位于句首時，主句部分需部分倒裝。答案：D 點(diǎn)評：此題考查否定詞放句首要倒裝的情況，同時我們應(yīng)注意特殊句式的變化。(上海卷 39) So much of interest _ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.A. offers BeijingB.Beijing offers/C. does Beijing offerD. Beijing does offer解析：句意：北京旅游景點(diǎn)如此多，以至于游客根本沒有時間游完所有地方?？疾閟o.that句型位于句首時，主句要部分倒裝。答案：C點(diǎn)評：此題考查引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的so.that,such.that 位于句首時，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝的情況。（重慶卷 26）Only when I left my parents for Italy _ how much I loved them.A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize解析：句意：只有當(dāng)我離開父母前往意大利，我才意識到我是多么的愛他們。Only引導(dǎo)的狀語或狀語從句位于句首時，主句需部分倒裝。答案：D點(diǎn)評：做這類題目時應(yīng)特別注意Only引導(dǎo)的狀語或狀語從句位于句首時的倒裝句的用法，同時注意時態(tài)的確定。五、提升訓(xùn)練1. I cant ride a bike, .A. neither my sister can B. neither can my sister C. my sister can neither D. my sister can not too2. read such an interesting book. A. Seldom have I B. Seldom I have C. Seldom did I have D. Seldom I has 3.1 wonder if your wife will go to the ball. If your wife _, so _ mine.A. does; will B. will; doesC. will; would D. does; do4. Only after I read the text over again _ its main idea.A. that I knew B. did I knewC. I could know D. I did know5.You seem to have learned all the English words by heart.A. So I do B. So do I C. So I have D. So have 16. So excited _ that he couldnt say a word.A. he seemed B. did he seemC. was he seeming D. he did look7. Jimmy was so nervous not a single word _ down in the dictation.A. he wrote B. he was writtenC. did he write D. was he written8. _ was his kindness that everyone praised him.A. ItB. WhatC. SoD. Such9. _, he would have passed the exam.A. If he were to study B. If he studied hard C. Had he studied hard D. Should he study hard10 - David has made great progress recently.- _, and _.A. So he has, so have you B. So he has, so you have C. So has he, so have you D. So has he, so you have11. No sooner _ they rushed out into the street.A. did they hear the news than B. did they hear the news when C. had they heard the news than D. had they heard the news when12. He was unable to make such progress, _.A. hard as he triedB. as hard he triedC. hard he has triedD. tried hard as he13. - Here _! Where is Xiao Liu?- There _.A. comes the bus, is he B. comes the bus, he isC. the bus comes, is he D. the bus comes, he is14. Not only _ a promise, but also he kept it.A. did he make B. he madeC. does he make D. has he made15. Not until he arrived home _ he find that this wallet had been stolen.A. did B. wouldC. when D. that16. Nowhere else in the world _ ch