初中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解.doc

初中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解九陰真經(jīng)九陰真經(jīng)乃上乘武功秘籍，武林歷年為其爭(zhēng)斗不休，傷亡頗多。今邱舒雅先生偶得此真經(jīng)，為避免爭(zhēng)斗，欲與一眾學(xué)子進(jìn)行分享，望吾等共同攻克閱讀理解，同等考場(chǎng)高峰！九陰真經(jīng)第一篇-易筋鍛骨篇閱讀理解在歷年中考試題中都占據(jù)了極高的分?jǐn)?shù)比例，ABCD四篇閱讀理解難度逐步升高，C、D篇更是讓很多學(xué)生束手無(wú)策。另一方面，中考大綱要求學(xué)生閱讀速度要達(dá)到每分鐘50-70詞，而目前許多的學(xué)生程度還沒(méi)有達(dá)到我們的要求，而這些主要是由大家不良的閱讀習(xí)慣造成的，為了達(dá)到甚至超越大綱對(duì)我們閱讀速度的要求，大家必須摒除閱讀理解的不良習(xí)慣，易經(jīng)換骨！ 1“指讀” -用手指著文章，逐字閱讀2“聲讀”-一個(gè)字一個(gè)字的讀文章3“譯讀” -一句一句的翻譯文章【閱讀時(shí)，視線應(yīng)從左向右跳躍式移動(dòng)，著重掃描意群，同時(shí)注意意群中的重要單詞，以尋求主要的語(yǔ)言信息?？蓪⒐谠~、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞及不定式符號(hào)等小品詞一掃而過(guò)，不可一詞不漏地全部都看一遍】4“回讀”-指重新閱讀上文【閱讀中的回視是一種無(wú)效勞動(dòng)，所以應(yīng)一口氣把文章讀完，盡量不要回視。這壞習(xí)慣是慢慢形成的，不是一朝一夕就能克服掉的。在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中就應(yīng)當(dāng)引起注意并加以克服】5“毛病”（bad habits）: 教學(xué)過(guò)程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生在閱讀時(shí)常做些不利于閱讀的壞動(dòng)作。有的同學(xué)晃頭、顛腿、轉(zhuǎn)筆、聽(tīng)音樂(lè)、咬指頭、趴在桌子上、揪頭發(fā)等6. 只讀不記?！菊_的做法是：一邊閱讀一邊用筆記下或標(biāo)出那些與文后所設(shè)問(wèn)題有關(guān)的信息。這樣，在做題時(shí)就用不著重新查閱短文，至少不用一句一句地再尋找那些隱約有印象的信息，從而可以節(jié)省一些時(shí)間】九陰真經(jīng)第二篇-點(diǎn)穴篇何謂穴位？穴位即穴道，只有知道了人體的穴位在哪兒，才能一點(diǎn)即準(zhǔn)，制服敵人。同樣的，在閱讀理解中，我們必須確切的知道閱讀文章的題材，提高分析文章題材的能力，才能對(duì)文章及題目了然于心，做題一步到位！記敘文往往按時(shí)間順序展開(kāi)段落，文章有明顯表示時(shí)間先后的詞語(yǔ)。閱讀時(shí)抓住時(shí)間這條主線，弄清who、what、where、why與how說(shuō)明文多見(jiàn)于科普文章，用以解釋或揭示事物的狀態(tài)、特征、演變、結(jié)果及其相互之間的關(guān)系，這類文體的文章，首句往往是主題句，開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，說(shuō)明文章的關(guān)注對(duì)象：弄清作者的思路和段落組織的方式；把握次要信息及其與主題的關(guān)系。論述文的閱讀難在這種文章處處都滲透作者的個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度。閱讀論述文應(yīng)該從文體的寫(xiě)作和結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)入手.文章的結(jié)構(gòu)往往容易把握，用主題句開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山。作者往往通過(guò)信號(hào)詞(signal words或transitional words)和關(guān)聯(lián)詞(referents)來(lái)組織段落、文章.對(duì)信號(hào)詞的迅速反應(yīng)和對(duì)關(guān)聯(lián)詞的準(zhǔn)確判斷是至關(guān)重要的；要特別注意區(qū)分作者的觀點(diǎn)與文章里所提到的人物的觀點(diǎn)，同時(shí)注意作者所使用的表示贊同、反對(duì)等感情色彩的詞匯。九陰真經(jīng)第三篇-九鷹白骨爪細(xì)節(jié)題就是指那些針對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)或與文章情節(jié)發(fā)展相關(guān)的事實(shí)所設(shè)置的問(wèn)題。這類題主要測(cè)試考生獲取信息及對(duì)文章所提供信息的理解能力。對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)題，我們應(yīng)該練就一雙九陰白骨爪，快狠準(zhǔn)的把握到具有答案的細(xì)節(jié)！提問(wèn)常常用特殊疑問(wèn)詞what,when,where,who,whose,how,why等引出。做這樣的題，可以采用題干定位法，即先弄清楚題干問(wèn)什么，然后直接到文中尋找相關(guān)信息。帶著問(wèn)題去讀文章，目的明確，容易抓住文中與問(wèn)題相關(guān)的信息點(diǎn)。解題步驟：(1) 掃讀題干，劃出關(guān)鍵詞。(2) 找到文中含有關(guān)鍵詞的句子，并仔細(xì)閱讀。(3) 選出符合題目要求的最佳選項(xiàng)。It seem natural to sing this self-pitying song, but the truth is, if you dont like your life, you should do something about it. You are the only one with the power(能力) to check your life, and if you want it to be different, you can change what youre doing.55. What should we do if we dont like our life? CA. Sing that self-pitying song.B. Read our minds correctly.C. Change what were doing.D. Tell others what we want. 九陰真經(jīng)第四篇-摧心掌中此掌者，外在并無(wú)任何傷痕，但內(nèi)里的五臟六腑已然碎裂。掌握了摧心掌，就能根據(jù)主旨句，主題句總結(jié)把握，了解全文主題，理解中心思想。摧毀錯(cuò)誤答案。提問(wèn)方式：Main idea；mainly tells sth.答案出處：首尾段;各段首尾句;轉(zhuǎn)折詞（but, yet, however）之后的句子;重復(fù)次數(shù)最多的名詞標(biāo)志詞句：On the whole , in short, thereforeI agree with the opinion thatGiven all these points above , I would support the idea thatFor all the reasons mentioned above ,I would preferIn fact1 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit.2 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.九陰真經(jīng)第五篇-移魂大法閱讀理解有的時(shí)候會(huì)要求學(xué)生根據(jù)某個(gè)事實(shí)推斷結(jié)論，主要考查學(xué)生的理解力和推斷力。做此類題時(shí)，應(yīng)該掌握我們的移魂大法，根據(jù)短文中的相關(guān)語(yǔ)句，對(duì)與事實(shí)有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)加以分析，找出線索，悟出字里行間的意思，反復(fù)比較，找到靈魂，從而作出合乎邏輯的判斷。提問(wèn)方式：常以infer（推斷），imply（暗示），suggest, conclude（推斷），learn, intend（意指），mean, describe, purpose等詞提問(wèn)。Does the small-world theory work? No one has ever proved it. Maybe the theory just invites people to think a little more about their places in the world. （08北京中考C篇）55. We can learn from the article that _. BA. the small-world theory worksB. more research is needed to prove the theoryC. six degrees are needed to know the strangersD. the writers purpose is to help people find out their places九陰真經(jīng)第六篇-療傷篇療傷篇系為療傷之用，亦能用以增加功力。做閱讀理解遇到不懂，不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞匯實(shí)在是一個(gè)硬傷，我們所要做的就是療好他常識(shí)-The old man put on his spectacles and began to read spectacles眼鏡上下文解釋-The harbor is protected by a jetty-a wall built out into the water水壩同位語(yǔ)-，and other Germanic and Nordic peoples，who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon（or Old English），a Germanic language詞根詞綴一種德國(guó)的語(yǔ)言九陰真經(jīng)第七篇-白蟒鞭當(dāng)我們經(jīng)過(guò)各種思考都無(wú)法得到答案的時(shí)候，我們只能采用白蟒鞭，一鞭一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤答案，除盡錯(cuò)誤之后獲得正確答案！絕對(duì)詞否決法：答案項(xiàng)中有絕對(duì)語(yǔ)氣詞的一般不是正確答案項(xiàng)。這些語(yǔ)氣詞有: must, always, never, the most, all, only, have to, any, no, very, completely, none, hardly等懷疑詞判斷法：選項(xiàng)中含有不十分肯定的語(yǔ)氣詞一般是正確答案項(xiàng)。這些語(yǔ)氣詞有can, could