動詞-ing(現(xiàn)在分詞).doc

動詞-ing 形式 (1) 英語課程標準將“動名詞”和“現(xiàn)在分詞”合稱為“動詞-ing”形式。作為非謂語動詞的一種形式，動詞-ing具有名詞，形容詞和副詞的特點，它可以在句中作除了謂語以外的所有句子成分。一 動詞-ing 形式的構成主動被動一般doingbeing done完成Having doneHaving been done否定式：not +doing/ having done Not being done / not having been done 二 動詞-ing 形式作定語1）單個動詞-ing形式作定語放在被修飾的名詞前，叫做前置定語。2）動詞-ing短語作定語，通常放在被修飾的名詞后，叫做后置定語。3) having (been) done 該結(jié)構不能用作后置定語。作用：1）表示用途A smoking room 吸煙室 a walking stick 拐杖 drinking water飲用水A sleeping pill 安眠藥 drawing board 畫板 parking lot 停車場Swimming pool 游泳池 teaching building 教學樓 changing room 更衣室Driving permit 駕駛許可證 a waiting room 候車室2）表示動作boiling water 正在沸騰的水 developing countries 發(fā)展中國家the setting sun 落日 the rising sun 冉冉升起的太陽in the following days 在接下來的幾天 the coming week 下一周3) 表所修飾名詞正在進行的動作，可替換成定語從句。備注 此時該動詞和被修飾的名詞之間是主動關系A walking man = a man who is walking A sleeping child= a child who is sleeping. The man standing at the gate is my grandpa. = The man _ at the gate is my grandpa. 拓展 The computer _(repair) now is my brothers. 三 動詞-ing 形式作表語 動詞-ing形式作表語，說明主語的具體內(nèi)容。這種表語與主語“等價”His job is teaching Physics in middle school. 有些動詞-ing形式作表語,可以說明主語的性質(zhì)特征，常翻譯為“令人.的” disappointing 令人失望的 frightening 令人害怕的 Interesting 有趣的 exciting 令人興奮的 Embrassassing 令人尷尬的 surprising 令人驚訝的 Encouraging 令人鼓舞的 puzzling 令人費解的練 習1. The news that we failed in the competition was _(disappoint). 2. From my point of view, this idea was so _(excite). 3. My brothers job is _(deliver) newspapers every day. 四 動詞-ing 形式賓語補足語 該用法通常用于 主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語 結(jié)構中。其中，賓語是v-ing的邏輯主語1） 感官動詞 see ，hear, notice注意到, smell 聞到, feel , find 發(fā)現(xiàn)， observe 觀察,look at ,listen to notice sb./sth. doing 注意到正在做We saw a boy stealing a womans purse in the street. 2） 使役動詞 “ leave, have, keep , get” leave sb/ sth. doing “讓某人或某物一直處于某種狀態(tài) ” 練習1. He saw the children _(play) in the playground. 2. Im sorry to have kept you _(wait) for me for so long. 3. The child was heard _(cry) in the next room all night. 4The next morning, she found the man _(lie) in bed, dead. 5Do you hear someone _(knock) at the door? 五 動詞-ing 形式作狀語動詞-ing形式作狀語可以修飾謂語動詞或整個句子，表示時間，原因，結(jié)果，條件，行為方式，伴隨或補充說明。備注：1）v-ing形式作狀語，其邏輯主語就是主句的主語。(破 題)2為了使作狀語的v-ing 形式所表達更明確，可在前面加上適當?shù)倪B詞(as, because, since, once, though, while, unless ) 解題策略1 觀察逗號“,”前后是否有連詞，若沒有，則應選擇非謂語2 找到句子主語，分析空白處單詞和 主語之間是否為主動關系3 分析填空處單詞和主句動詞是否幾乎同時發(fā)生（doing）；若在主句動詞之前發(fā)生，則選用完成式 （having done）l 原因狀語Because she was ill, she didnt attend the meeting. = Being ill, she didnt attend the meeting. l _狀語When they hear the news, they all jumped with great joy. = Hearing the news, they all jumped with great joy. l 條件狀語If you work hard, youll succeed. (條件狀語)= _, youll succeed. l _狀語My car was caught in the heavy traffic jam, causing the delay. l _狀語The students are all in the classroom, doing their homework carefully. Practice！1. When_(see) the cat, the mouse ran off. 2. _(live) in London for years, I almost know every place quite well. 3. _(work) hard, youll succeed. 4. Once _(lose) the chance, you cant easily find it. 5. _(look) out from the window, we found a beautiful garden. 6. They sat in front of the teaching building, _(laugh) and talking. 7. He turned off the lights, _(see) nothing. 8. _(walk) in the street, he caught sight of one of his close friends. 9. _(tell) many times, I still long to watch the movie one more time. 六v-ing 形式的否定式 (直接在v-ing形式前面加not等否定詞匯)1_(know的否定式) her address, we couldnt get in touch with her. 2_(realize的否定) that he was in great danger, Eric walker deeper into the forest. 七 一般式和完成式的區(qū)別當動詞-ing形式表示的動作和句子謂語動詞表示的動作(幾乎)同時發(fā)生時用一般式(doing)；在句子謂語動詞表示的動作之前發(fā)生時用完成式(having done)。如：_(see) the stranger coming towards him，little Jim ran away as fast as he could. _(study)English for three years, he can read brief stories in English.八 獨立主格結(jié)構The teacher being ill, the lecture was put off. Spring coming, the fields are full of life. 當非謂語動詞的邏輯主語和主句的主語不一致時，往往在非謂語的前面加上自己的邏輯主語，這種“名詞/代詞+非謂語動詞” 結(jié)構與句子主語沒有任何邏輯關系，被稱為獨立主格結(jié)構。它是一種從屬結(jié)構， 不能單獨成句 。1）獨立主格結(jié)構的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨立存在。2）名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定 式，介詞等是主謂關系或動賓關系。3）獨立主格結(jié)構一般有逗號與主句分開。There _(be) no bus, we had to go back home on foot. More time _(give), we would have done it much better.Weather _(permit), well go to visit the Great Wall. 單句改錯1 Having received the reply, he decided to write to him again. 2 While read the book, he wrote down a great many beautiful sentences. 3 We had a good rest in the waited room. 4 Do you know the man ran after He Yi cen? 5 This is