第三版新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)第三單元sectionB

.,.,Tobeathomewithanewreadingskill-distinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions,TodecodeTextBthrough“distinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions”,ToderiveknowledgefromTextB,TolearnhowtowritebetterinEnglish,TeachingObjectives,.,Warming-UpActivities,TextBDecoding(T-Decoding),KnowledgeDeriving(K-Deriving),FurtherDevelopment,Contents,.,CulturalBackground,Topic-centeredStudyofNewWords,VideoWatchingfactsarenot.,Whatarefactsandwhatareopinions?Whatsthekeydifferencebetweenthem?,ReadingSkillDistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions,.,Toseeifsomethingisafact,askyourself,“Isthisstatementknownforcertaintobetrue?”Ifyouanswer“yes”tothequestion,thenitisafact.Forexample:Theearthorbitsthesunandthemoonorbitstheearth.GeorgeWashingtonwasthefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates.,Howcanwetellwhethersomethingisafactornot?,ReadingSkillDistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions,.,Tocheckforopinions,askquestionslike“Isthisstatementdebatable?”or“Doesthistellathoughtorfeeling?”Ifyouseecluewordssuchasfeel,believe,always,never,none,most,least,best,andworst,thesentenceismostprobablyanopinion.Forexample:Themostbeautifulflowerintheworldisaredrose.,Howcanwetellwhethersomethingisanopinionornot?,ReadingSkillDistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions,.,WithmanyschoolsofferingwirelessInternetaccessanywhereoncampus,collegesasagrouphavebecomethemostInternet-accessiblespotsintheworld.(Para.3,TextA)Here,“manyschoolsofferingwirelessInternetaccessanywhereoncampus”isnot“debatable”,andonthefactthestatementisbased,buttheclueword“most”showsthat,takenalltogether,thestatementistheauthorsopinion.,Example1:Isthisstatementafactoranopinion?,ReadingSkillDistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions,.,Withthewidespreadapplicationofcomputertechnologies,wearegoingtoproduceagenerationofproblem-solversandintelligentthinkers,whichisindispensableforthefutureoftheworld.(Para.12,TextA),Example2:Isthisstatementafactoranopinion?,ReadingSkillDistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions,.,Thestatementisalsobasedonsomefacts(e.g.thewidespreadapplicationofcomputertechnologies),butthewords“wearegoingtoproduceagenerationof”indicatesthatthesentenceiswhattheauthorpredictsorhopes,anditis“debatable”,notsomethingthatexistsorhashappened.Therefore,thisstatementistheauthorsopinion,too.,ReadingSkillDistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions,.,InauniversityclassonthehistoryofAmericanradio,studentsusesmartphonestorecordtheirownradioshows.(Para.5,TextA),Example3:Afactoranopinion?,ReadingSkillDistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions,Infact,arecentstudyintheUSfoundthatinformationtechnologyaccountedfor5%to8%ofcollegebudgets,upfromanestimated2%to3%inthemid-1980s.(Para.7,TextA),Example4:Afactoranopinion?,.,Tocompensate,itspenttensofthousandsofdollarstogiveeveryoneofitsincomingfreshmenafreeAppleiPad.(Para.8,TextA),Example5:Afactoranopinion?,ReadingSkillDistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions,Examples3-5provideexactstatisticsanddetails;inotherwords,thestatementstellwhatisknownforsuretoexistorhashappened.Therefore,theyarefacts.,.,Thewords“perhaps”and“greatest”inthefirstsentencearegoodcluestoshowthatitistheauthorsopinion.Ifwegoonwithreading,wewillfindtherestoftheparagraphrevolvesaroundtheopinion,i.e.thepositivechangestheriseoftheInternethasbroughttotheworld.SoitisconcludedthatInternetaccessisamustforsuccessinthemodernworld.,WhatopiniondoesthewriterwanttoexpressinParagraph1?,Textdecodingthroughtop-downreading,.,Whatsthemeaningofthetitle“ToomuchofagoodthingArealaddiction.”?“Anythingthatistoomuchistroublesome.TheInternetisagoodthing,butifyourelyonittoomuchandevenbecomeaddictedtoit,itwillbecomeabadthing.”,Removalofbarrierstoourreading,Textdecodingthroughtop-downreading,.,Whatsthemeaningofthesentence“Itenablesawealthofmediaoutletsandalternativenewssources.”?“TheInternetgivesusagreatvarietyofmediachoicesthatoffermanydifferentperspectivesonandinsightsintonewsandevents.”,Removalofbarrierstoourreading,Textdecodingthroughtop-downreading,.,Whatopiniondoestheauthorstateinparagraph2?,Textdecodingthroughtop-downreading,BylikeningtheInternettoanytechnology,theauthorwantstocomeupwiththeideathattherearetwosidestoanythingintheworld,towhichtheInternetisnoexception.BylikeningInternetaccesstotheconvenienceofcars,theauthorwantstobearouthisopinionthatanythingthatissopopularmaygiverisetoasocialepidemic:peoplesaddictiontoit.,.,Whatsthemeaningofthesentence“Likepollutionandtrafficjamsthatcomewiththeconvenienceofcars,Internetaccesshasprovensopopularthatithasgivenrisetoanewkindofsocialepidemic,Internetaddiction.”?,Removalofbarrierstoourreading,Textdecodingthroughtop-downreading,.,Removalofbarrierstoourreading,Textdecodingthroughtop-downreading,“Carsbringusconvenience,buttheyalsocausepollutionandtrafficjams.Similarly,ithasbeenproventhatthewidelyusedInternethascausedanewkindofsocialproblemInternetaddiction.”,.,Fromtheforegoing,weknowthewritersopinionInternetaccesshasnegativeaspectsandevengivesrisetoasocialepidemiccalledInternetaddiction.Accordingtothewriterslinearwayofthinking,therefore,thisparagraphisdesignedtoprovideevidenceofit,asconfirmedinthefirstsentenceoftheparagraph:Considerthefollowingstories.,Textdecodingthroughtop-downreading,WhatfunctiondoesParagraph3serve?,.,Whatsthemeaningofthesentence“Anotherrecentnewsstorytoldofamanwhospentsomuchtimeonlinethathedidntsleepenoughtokeephisjob.”?“AnotherrecentnewsstorywasaboutamanwhospentsomuchtimeontheInternetthathedidntgetenoughsleepandlosthisjob.”,Removalofbarrierstoourreading,Textdecodingthroughtop-downreading,.,HowdoesthewriterdevelophisopinioninParagraph4?,Textdecodingthroughtop-downreading,ToexpandhisopinionasexpressedinParagraph2,theauthorscansthecollegecampusformoreevidenceofit,justasthethefirstsentenceoftheparagraphprovesthatcollegestudentsarealsoinfectedwithsuchaddiction.Ifwereadthroughtheparagraph,wecanfindInternetaddictionhasrobbedsomebrightstudentsoftheirscholarships,theirpassesinexams,andeventheirhealth,thuscarryingaforeshadowingforthefollowing.,.,Whatsthemeaningofthesentences“Onestudentnotonlyfailed,butlost12pounds.Hewassoinvolvedonlinethatheforgottoeat!Imaginetheagonyofthiscondition!”?“Onestudentdidnotpasshiscourses,andhelost12poundsinweightaswell.HewassoabsorbedinsurfingtheInternetthatheevenforgottoeat!Youcanimaginehowsadthissituationwas!”,Removalofbarrierstoourreading,Textdecodingthroughtop-downreading,involved:givingalotoftimeorattentiontosb./sth.,.,Textdecodingthroughtop-downreading,Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinparagraph5?,Fromthefirsttwosentences,weknowthefailuresofbrightstudents,asmentionedinParagraph4,arethefunctionoftheiraddictiontotheInternet.Butworsethanthat,ifwereadon,istheirinfluenceuponthenewcomerstocollege,whohavetomanagetheirownonlinetimewithoutdisciplineofhomeforthefirsttime.,.,Whatsthemeaningofthesentence“Thesethingsdidnothappentothesepeoplebecausetheywerelazyorstupid.”?“Thesethingshappenedtothesepeople,butitwasnotbecausetheywerelazyorstupid.”do/didnot+verb+because這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)表示“發(fā)生，但不是因?yàn)椤?，其中not不是用來(lái)否定主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而是用來(lái)否定由because引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。,Removalofbarrierstoourreading,Textdecodingthroughtop-downreading,NOTES,.,e.g.IdidnotacceptJohnsgiftbecauseIlikedhim.我收下約翰的禮物并不是因?yàn)槲蚁矚g他。注意：這種結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧義。e.g.IdidntsingbecausePamwasthere.我不是因?yàn)榕聊吩谀莾翰懦璧?。在某種語(yǔ)境中，這個(gè)句子也可以理解為：“我沒有唱歌，因?yàn)榕聊吩谀莾?。”為了避免誤解，要表示后面這種意思時(shí)，英語(yǔ)應(yīng)為：BecausePamwasthere,Ididntsing.,Textdecodingthroughtop-downreading,.,Whatsthemeaningofthesentence“Withoutthedisciplineandstructureofhome,studentshavetomanagetimebythemselves.”?“Withouttheparentsmonitoringandregulatingthemastheyusedtodoathome,studentshavetoarrangetheironlinetimeontheirown.”,Removalofbarrierstoourreading,Textdecodingthroughtop-downreading,.,Throughtop-downreading,wecanfindtheforegoingparagraphsservetoprovideevidenceofInternetaddiction.ButfromParagraph6,theauthorcomestoprobeintotherootcausesofit.Accordingtotheopinionoftheunaffected,itisaresultofweakpersonality.Butherevealsthefactthatthechemicalprocesshappeninginthebraincausesit.,WhatdoestheauthordealwithinParagraph6?,Textdecodingthroughtop-downreading,.,Whatsthemeaningofthesentence“ItiseasyforthosewhoareunaffectedbythepowerfuldrawofconnectivitythosewhocaneasilycontroltheirtimeonlinetoviewInternetaddictionasanimaginaryproblemortoattributeitsoriginstoaweakpersonality.”?,Removalofbarrierstoourreading,Textdecodingthroughtop-downreading,.,“SomepeoplearenotinfluencedbythestrongattractionoftheInternetbecausetheycaneasilycontroltheirtimeonline.So,itiseasyforthemtoconsiderInternetaddictionasanunrealproblemortothinkthataweakcharacteristherootofInternetaddiction.”,Removalofbarrierstoourreading,Textdecodingthroughtop-downreading,.,InParagraph7,theauthorfocuseshisprobeonthetroublewithInternetaddiction,asstatedinthefirstsentence.Ourfurtherreadingmakesitclearthatthechemicalprocessorreleaseofendorphinsinreallifeinspiresustointeractwithfriendsorlearnsomethingnew,butwithInternetaddiction,endorphinsdonothingbutkeepusaddictedtotheInternet,onlytoaffectourstudiesandevenruinourhealthorlives.,HowdoestheauthorgoonwithhisprobeinParagraph7?,Textdecodingthroughtop-downreading,.,Whatsthemeaningofthesentence“WithInternetaddictionendorphinsdonothingbutkeeppeoplehookedtotheircomputers.”?“InthecaseofInternetaddiction,theonlythingendorphinsdoistokeeppeoplesattentionontheircomputersandmakethemaddictedtotheInternet.”,Removalofbarrierstoourreading,Textdecodingthroughtop-downreading,hooked:(infml.)enjoyingsth.verymuchsothatyouwanttodoitasoftenaspossible,.,Whatsthemeaningofthesentence“InternetaddictsbehaveverymuchlikegamblerspullingtheleveratmachinesinLasVegas,evenifitisnotrational,hurtstheirstudies,orspoilstheirhealthandtheirlives.”?,Removalofbarrierstoourreading,Textdecodingthroughtop-downreading,.,“InternetaddictsbehavejustlikepeoplewhogambleatthegamblingmachinesinLasVegas,evenifitisnotreasonable,evenifitaffectstheirstudies,orevenifitruinstheirhealthandtheirlives.”,Removalofbarrierstoourreading,Textdecodingthroughtop-downreading,.,TheauthorconcludeshiswritingwithhisadviceonhowtopreventInternetaddiction,asshowninthefirstsentence.Accordingtohisopinion,moderationisthebestmeasureagainstInternetaddiction.TheInternetisagoodthing,ashesumsup,butmakingtoomuchofagoodthingisboundtoturnitintosomethingbadforus.,Howdoestheauthorconcludehiswriting?,Textdecodingthroughtop-downreading,.,Whatsthemeaningofthesentence“Sowatchhowmuchtimeyouspendonline;moderationisyourbestdefenseagainstInternetaddiction.”?“Sokeepaneyeonhowmuchtimeyouspendonline;limitingandcontrollingyourtimeonlinecanprotectyoufromdevelopingInternetaddiction.”,Removalofbarrierstoourreading,Textdecodingthroughtop-downreading,moderation:neitherverygreatorverysmallinamount,size,strengthordegree,.,Whatsthemeaningofthesentence“TheInternetisapowerfultool,butmakesurethatyouuseitwiselyforallthegoodvalueitoffersandthatyouwontlettoomuchofagoodthingbecomesomethingbad.”?,Removalofbarrierstoourreading,Textdecodingthroughtop-downreading,.,“TheInternetisapowerfultool,butmakesurethatyouuseitreasonablyandtakeadvantageofallthegoodthingsthattheInternetbringsabout,andmakesurethatyoudonotoveruseitandnotletsuchapositivetoolbecomeanegativething.”,Removalofbarrierstoourreading,Textdecodingthroughtop-downreading,.,ItistruethattheInternethasbroughtmanypositivechangestopeopleslives.Butitisalsotruethatithasgivenrisetoanew_knownasInternetaddiction.Andourlifeisrichwithcasesinpoint.Itisreportedthatsomepeoplespenttoomuchtimeonlinetokeeptheirjobs.Onthecampus,somebrightstudentsaresaidtohavelosttheir_asaresultoftheir_theInternet.ThoseunaffectedbyInternetaddiction_ittoaweakpersonality.Butaccordingtoscientificresearch,thereexiststhechemicalprocessor_behind,socialepidemic,universityscholarships,SummaryofTextB,addictionto,attribute,releaseofendorphins,.,Internetaddiction.Ofcourse,thereisnothingwrongwithsuchrelease,sinceinreallifeitencouragesusto_friendsortolearnsomethingnew.WhatiswrongwithInternetaddictionisthatendorphinsarereleasedtodonothingbutkeepus_totheInternet,therebybringing_uponourstudiesaswellasourhealth.So_isthebestdefenseagainstyouraddictiontotheInternet.MarkitdownthattheInternetisagoodthing,but_agoodthingismorelikelytoturnitintosomethingbadforyou.,interactwith,SummaryofTextB,hooked,ruin,moderation,makingtoomuchof,.,FurtherDiscussionovertheTopic,ThefollowingarethecriteriafordiagnosingInternetaddiction:PreoccupationwiththeInternet(previousonlineactivitiesoranticipationofthenextlogon);Increasingamountoftimeofusetoachievesatisfaction;Unsuccessfulattemptstocontrolandcutback;Stayingonlinelongerthanexpected;Restlessness,moodiness,depression,andirritabilitycausedbythecutbackofuse;,HowdoyouknowifyouoryourfriendhasInternetaddiction?(1/2),.,FurtherDiscussionovertheTopic,HowdoyouknowifyouoryourfriendhasInternetaddiction?(2/2),Riskingsignificantrelationships,job,education,and/orcareeropportunities;Lyingtofamilymembers,therapists,andothersabouttheuseofInternet;TurningtotheInternetforescapefromproblemsand/orunhappyfeelings.AnyonewhoshowsfiveofthesymptomswouldbeconsideredasanInternetaddict.,.,FurtherDiscussionovertheTopic,ThekeytohealthyInternetaccessis,ofcourse,moderation.Herearesometipsforyoutofollowifyoufeellikeyouspendtoomuchtimeonline:Lookforwarningsigns.IfyoucanrecallthisweeksBaiduNewsheadlineseasilybutnoneofyourEnglishvocabularyterms,itstimetoreworkyourschedule,settingasidetechnology-freestudytimeeveryday;,WhatwouldyoudowhenyoufeeladdictedtotheInternet?(1/3),.,FurtherDiscussionovertheTopic,Stepawayfromthecomputer.YoucantobsessivelyrefreshyourRenrenpageeveryfiveminutesifyoudeliberatelyseparateyourselffromyourlaptopnowandthen.Youllhaveyearstostareatacomputeralldaygiveyourscreen-wearyeyesabreakwhileyoucan;,WhatwouldyoudowhenyoufeeladdictedtotheInternet?(2/3),.,FurtherDiscussionovertheTopic,Getsomefacetime.Toooftencollegestudentsrelysolelyone-mailtocommunicatewithadvisorsandprofessors.Optingtomeetinpersonoccasionallywillhelpyoutokickyourtechnologyfixationwhilegettingbetteracquaintedwiththefolkswhojustmightholdthekeystoyourfuture.,WhatwouldyoudowhenyoufeeladdictedtotheInternet?(3/3),.,KnowledgeDeriving(K-Deriving),ExtractionandY=happinessinthefamilylife.,財(cái)富和很好使用它的能力對(duì)于家庭生活的幸福必不可少。,Wealthandtheabilitytomakegooduseofitispracticallyamustforhappinessinthefamilylife.,.,Inthiscontext,X=expertiseacquiredthrougheducation;andY=betterservicedeliverytosociety.,通過(guò)教育獲得的專門知識(shí)和充分利用它的能力對(duì)于更好地服務(wù)社會(huì)來(lái)說(shuō)必不可少。,Expertiseacquiredthrougheducationandtheabilitytomakegooduseofitispracticallyamustforbetterservicedeliverytosociety.,Xandtheabilitytomakegooduseofit/themispracticallyamustforY.,.,ExtractionY=globalwarming;and“”=risingtemperaturesarechangingvegetationpatternsonearth.,許多物種都由于全球變暖而受到威脅，因?yàn)槿諠u升高的氣溫正在改變著地球植被分布格局。,Manyspeciesareatriskfromglobalwarmingbecauserisingtemperaturesarechangingvegetationpatternsonearth.,XisatriskfromYbecause.,.,Inthiscontext,X=filingclerks;Y=robots;and“”=thetechnologyofartificialintelligenceisadvancingrapidly.,檔案管理員（的工作）受到機(jī)器人的威脅，因?yàn)槿斯ぶ悄芗夹g(shù)正在快速進(jìn)步。,Filingclerksareatriskfromrobotsbecausethetechnologyofartificialintelligenceisadvancingrapidly.,XisatriskfromYbecause.,.,ExtractionY=themanager;Z=abigdecision;and“do”=make(on/atshortnotice),沒有時(shí)間再慎重考慮，這位經(jīng)理不得不匆忙之間做出一項(xiàng)重大決定。,Withoutmoretimetoturnthingsover,themanagerhadtomakeabigdecisionatshortnotice.,WithoutX,YhastodoZ.,.,沒有其他人的任何幫助，這些最初的移民不得不一切從頭做起。,Withoutanyhelpfromothers,theinitialsettlershadtostarteverythingfromscratch.,WithoutX,YhastodoZ.,Inthiscontext,X=anyhelpfromothers;Y=theinitialsettlers;Z=everything;and“do”=“start(fromscratch)”.,.,ExtractionY=yourknowledge;and“do”=makecreativeuseof,死記硬背的問(wèn)題在于，它使你無(wú)法創(chuàng)新應(yīng)用知識(shí)。,Thetroublewithrotelearningisthatitmakesitimpossibleforyoutomakecreativeuseofyourknowledge.,Thetrouble/problemwithXisthatitmakesit(im)possibletodoY.,.,Inthiscontext,X=emotionalfrenzy;Y=onesreason;and“do”=lose,情感狂躁的問(wèn)題在于，它使人有可能喪失理智。,Theproblemwithemotionalfrenzyisthatitmakesitpossibleforonetoloseonesreason.,Thetrouble/problemwithXisthatitmakesit(im)possibletodoY.,.,Xisthebestdefense/shield/guard/measureagainstY.(Productivepattern)X是對(duì)抗Y的最好防御方式/措施。,ModerationisyourbestdefenseagainstInternetaddiction.,應(yīng)用提示用于“對(duì)事物的認(rèn)定”。,課文句子逆譯適度上網(wǎng)是對(duì)抗網(wǎng)癮的最好的防御方式。(Para.8),ExtractionandY=actingfromimpulse,三思而行是防止沖動(dòng)行事的最佳方式。,Thinkingtwicebeforeyouactisthebestdefenseagainstactingfromimpulse.,Xisthebestdefense/shield/guard/measureagainstY.,.,Inthiscontext,X=anoptimisticattitudetowardlife;andY=depression,對(duì)人生樂(lè)觀的心態(tài)是防止抑郁癥的良策。,Anoptimisticattitudetowardlifeisthebestmeasureagainstdepression.,Xisthebestdefense/shield/guard/measureagainstY.,.,CreativeUseofLexicalCollocations,豐富的,awealthofsth.,利用；使用,makeuseofsth.,引起；導(dǎo)致,giverisetosth.,指控；控告；起訴,chargesb.with(doing)sth.,不讓某人做某事,keepsb.from(doing)sth.,照顧；照看,carefor,描述；敘述,tellof,（除外）還,aswell,處境危險(xiǎn)；受到威脅,atrisk,僅僅；只有；不過(guò),nothingbut,.,Lexicalcollocation:awealthofsth.,【意群提示】inonesbackyard;growingasmallgarden;bringbenefitstosb.,后院培育一個(gè)小花園，會(huì)使你受益匪淺。,Growingasmallgardeninyourbackyardwillbringawealthofbenefitstoyou.,.,【意群提示】themove;beintendedtodosth.;enablesb.todosth.;avoidanyadverseimpact,該舉措旨在使員工有效利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，同時(shí)避免其一切負(fù)面影響。,ThemoveisintendedtoenablethestafftomakeeffectiveuseoftheInternetandmeanwhileavoidanyadverseimpact.,Lexicalcollocation:makeuseofsth.,.,【意群提示】stationarypatterns;subjectiveperceptionofmotion,有些靜止的圖案會(huì)使我們產(chǎn)生主觀的動(dòng)態(tài)感覺。,Somestationarypatternscangiverisetosubjectiveperceptionofmotion.,Lexicalcollocation:giverisetosth.,.,【意群提示】inhistory;treason;actually;truepatriot,歷史上，許多被控叛國(guó)的人實(shí)際上是真正的愛國(guó)者。,Inhistory,manypeoplechargedwithtreasonwereactuallytruepatriots.,Lexicalcollocation:chargesb.with(doing)sth.,.,【意群提示】thebenefitofgoodfaith;anythingbad,正確信仰的好處在于,它可以使人不做壞事。,Thebenefitofgoodfaithisthatitcankeeppeoplefromdoinganythingbad.,Lexicalcollocation:keepsb.from(doing)sth.,.,【意群提示】intheageoffiercecompetition;maketime,在激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的時(shí)代，我們不知道如何騰出時(shí)間來(lái)關(guān)心自己。,Intheageoffiercecompetition,wedontknowhowtomaketimetocareforourselves.,Lexicalcollocation:carefor,.,【意群提示】UnitedStates;e