蘇教譯林版八下英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)資料及練習(xí)

牛津八下英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的“完成用法”和“未完成用法”1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的完成用法 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的完成用法指的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻并已結(jié)束，但該動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響，與現(xiàn)在情況具有因果關(guān)系。例如：He has turned off the light.他已把燈關(guān)了。(動(dòng)作結(jié)束于過去，但說明的是現(xiàn)在的情況-燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)完成用法的特點(diǎn)是動(dòng)作不延續(xù)，因此，該時(shí)態(tài)只能與表示不定的過去時(shí)間狀語(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、頻度時(shí)間狀語(如：never，ever，once等)、包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(如：this morning month year.，today等)連用。例如： Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎？2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的未完成用法 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的未完成用法指的是動(dòng)作開始于過去某一時(shí)刻，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。例如：He has lived here since 1978.自從1978年以來，他一直住在這兒。(動(dòng)作起始于1978年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。) I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部隊(duì)已經(jīng)呆了五年多了。(動(dòng)作開始于5年前，一直延續(xù)至今，有可能還要繼續(xù)下去。) 此種用法的句中常需一個(gè)表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(由since或for引導(dǎo))，或表示與現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻相連的時(shí)間狀語(如：up to now，so far到目前為止)等。例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前為止我沒有他的任何消息。 注意：(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的未完成用法只適用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不可用于終止性動(dòng)詞，即瞬間完成或延續(xù)時(shí)間很短的動(dòng)詞。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。 (2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見兩種句型：主語have / has beenfor短語 It is一段時(shí)間 since從句 例如：He has been in the League for three years.或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入團(tuán)已三年了。3、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞的概念英語中，動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、動(dòng)作發(fā)生過程的長短，可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。終止性動(dòng)詞 也稱非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。4、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法特征1.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其完成時(shí)態(tài)可與表示段時(shí)間的狀語連用。表示段時(shí)間的短語有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自從我來到這兒就學(xué)英語了。2.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與表示短暫時(shí)間的點(diǎn)時(shí)間狀語連用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(誤) rain為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而at eight表示點(diǎn)時(shí)間，前后顯然矛盾。如果用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示一瞬間的動(dòng)作，可以借助come, begin, get等終止性動(dòng)詞來表示。上句可改為：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：-When did you get to know Jack?-Two years ago.-Then youve known each other for more than two years.-Thats right.5、終止性動(dòng)詞的用法特征1.終止性動(dòng)詞可用來表示某一動(dòng)作完成，因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：The train has arrived.火車到了。Have you joined the computer group? 你加入電腦小組了嗎？2.終止性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作極其短暫，不能持續(xù)。因此，不可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用(只限肯定式)。如：(1)他死了三年了。 誤：He has died for three years.正：He has been dead for three years. 正：He died three years ago.正：It is three years since he died. 正：Three years has passed since he died.(2)他來這兒五天了。 誤：He has come here for five days.正：He has been here for five days. 正：He came here five days ago.正：It is five days since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here. (1)、(2)句中的die、come為終止性動(dòng)詞，不能與表示段時(shí)間的狀語連用。那么，應(yīng)如何正確表達(dá)呢？可以采用下面的四種方法： (1)將句中終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達(dá)方式。下面列舉幾例：leavebe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, diebe dead, move tolive in, finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, open sth.keep sth. open, fall illbe ill, get upbe up, catch a coldhave a cold。 (2)將句中表示段時(shí)間的狀語改為表示過去確定時(shí)間的狀語，如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達(dá)方式。 (3)用句型It is+段時(shí)間+since.表達(dá)原意，如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達(dá)方式。 (4)用句型時(shí)間+has passed+since.表達(dá)原意，如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達(dá)方式。3.終止性動(dòng)詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)否定式中，成為可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因而可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如：He hasnt left here since 1986.I havent heard from my father for two weeks.4.終止性動(dòng)詞的否定式與until/till連用，構(gòu)成not+終止性動(dòng)詞+until/till .的句型，意為直到才。如：You cant leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能離開這里。I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我畫完畫，我才上床睡覺。5.終止性動(dòng)詞可以用于when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，但不可以用于while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中。when表示的時(shí)間是點(diǎn)時(shí)間(從句謂語動(dòng)詞用終止性動(dòng)詞)，也可以是段時(shí)間(從句謂語動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)。而while表示的是一個(gè)較長的時(shí)間或過程，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：When we reached London, it was twelve oclock. (reach為終止性動(dòng)詞)Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞短語)6.終止性動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)不可與how long連用(只限于肯定式)。如：誤：How long have you come here? 正：How long have you been here?正：When did you come here?二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別1. 一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。說話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)只在于陳述一件過去的事情，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響。如：He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年參觀過桂林。(只說明去桂林的時(shí)間)2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果。不與確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用。如：Jill has bought a new computer.吉爾買了一臺(tái)新電腦。(著重點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)在有了一臺(tái)新電腦)3. 兩種時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)分 (1)一般過去時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的謂語基本構(gòu)成是助動(dòng)詞have /has +過去分詞。如：The film started at 7 oclock. He has been a teacher for many years. (2)一般過去時(shí)通常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常與just, already, ever, never等副詞和these days, this week, since., for.等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。看看以下的幾組句子，有什么區(qū)別？ Have you seen the film?(A) Did you see the film?(B) 說明 你看過這部電影嗎？(A)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是被問者對(duì)劇情是否了解；(B)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是看這部電影的動(dòng)作是否發(fā)生過，并不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否知道其內(nèi)容。 How has he done it?(A) How did he do it?(B)說明他是怎么做的這件事？(A)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是他做這件事的方式對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了某種影響；(B)句單純的詢問做這件事的方式。 He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A) He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B)說明他在北京住了8年。(A)句講的是到目前為止他在北京住了8年，可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)在北京住下去。(B)句講的是他在北京住過8年，現(xiàn)在不在北京了。三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)例析現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是較難掌握、中考考查較多的時(shí)態(tài)。涉及的考點(diǎn)有：一、考查其構(gòu)成助動(dòng)詞have (has) +動(dòng)詞過去分詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：1. Kates never seen Chinese films，_ ? A. hasnt she B. has she C. isnt she D. is she析：陳述句部分含否定詞never,簡(jiǎn)略問句部分要用肯定式，又因Kates是Kate has的縮寫，故選B。2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改為否定句)His uncle _ posted the photos to him _. 析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑問句中，故填hasnt, yet。3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So _her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. have析：so+助/系/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)與前句結(jié)構(gòu)中動(dòng)詞形式保持一致，又后句的主語為her parents是復(fù)數(shù),故選D。二、考查其用法與標(biāo)志詞(一)當(dāng)句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等時(shí)，常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -_you_ your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished2. -_ you _anywhere before? -Yes, but I cant remember where I_A. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfed C. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed析：據(jù)yet和before可知,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故1題選D，2題選D。(二)當(dāng)句中有for +段時(shí)間或since +點(diǎn)時(shí)間等時(shí)，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，若是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，要改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表狀態(tài)的詞(短語)。如：1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice_he came to Yunnan. A. after B. before C. since D. for析：主句用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而從句用的是一般過去時(shí)，故選C。2. Tom_the CD player for two weeks.A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had析：A、B、C均為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，在肯定句中不與表段時(shí)間的短語連用，故選D。3. I_a letter from him since he left. A. didnt receive B. havent got C. didnt have D. havent heard析：據(jù)since可知，應(yīng)排除A、C，hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb.意為收到某人的來信，故選B。三、考查have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的區(qū)別。如：1. -Have you ever_Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?-Yes, I have. A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to析：據(jù)句中的have，排除A，B項(xiàng)意為去某地了，C項(xiàng)意為一直呆在某地，D項(xiàng)意為去過某地，符合題意，故選D。2. My parents _ Shangdong for ten years. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been析：本題句中有for+段時(shí)間結(jié)構(gòu)，據(jù)此可排除C，B項(xiàng)意為去過某地，不合題意，D項(xiàng)缺介詞，故選A。四、考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與其他時(shí)態(tài)的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別。如：1. Suns aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正確的句子)析：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與段時(shí)間連用時(shí)，除了把非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞改成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞外，還可把動(dòng)詞改為一般過去時(shí)或借助句型Its +段時(shí)間+since+從句進(jìn)行句子轉(zhuǎn)換。故答案為：Suns aunt has been there for ten years. /Suns aunt went there ten years ago. /Its ten years since Suns aunt went there. 2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改為同義句)_more than ten years _Susan _to this city. 析：據(jù)上題分析，且since引導(dǎo)的從句要用一般過去時(shí)，故填I(lǐng)t is, since, came。3. I wont go to the concert because I _my ticket. A. lost B. dont lose C. have lost D. is coming析：因我丟了票的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，而且對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了我不能參加音樂會(huì)的結(jié)果，符合現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的含意，故選C?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題及答案一、單項(xiàng)選擇。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still 3、Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago 4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish 11、His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in 12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made 13、How long have you _ here ? About two months . been . gone . come . Arrived14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began 15 It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was 16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been 18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they 19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived20His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to workC. has lived there D. has left the university 二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 1、He has never surfed,_ ?（改成反意疑問句） 2、They have been here since 2000. (對(duì)劃線部分提問)_have they been here? 3、The old man _ last year. He _for a year(die) （動(dòng)詞填空） 4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) This factory _ for twenty years. 5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago. 6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ . 7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) _ two years _ the Green family moved to France. 8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子) _ 三、 漢譯英。 1、 吉姆已做完作業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了。 _2、 他昨天收到一封信。 _3、 我父親以前到過長城。 _4、 她還沒有看過那部新電影。 _5、 她去過上海。 _6、 他這些天上哪兒去了？ _參考答案： 一、單項(xiàng)選擇。 1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的】、作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，重點(diǎn)在于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無時(shí)間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是。 2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。故2應(yīng)選B。 3、C 4、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與recently（近來），so far（到目前為止），in the past/“l(fā)ast + 一段時(shí)間”等時(shí)間狀語連用。因?yàn)樯鲜龆陶Z表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時(shí)間，句中的動(dòng)作是從過去某一時(shí)間或時(shí)刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故4應(yīng)選D。 5、C 6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)常與“for +時(shí)間段或since +過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)”連用（含從句，從句過去時(shí)）。故6應(yīng)選C。 7、C 8、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還與once（一次），twice（兩次），three times（三次），several times（幾次）等表示重復(fù)次數(shù)的詞語連用。故8應(yīng)選B。 9、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)容易混淆，就是因?yàn)樗鼈兯硎镜膭?dòng)作都發(fā)生在過去，但二者又有區(qū)別：一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，說話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于陳述一件過去的事情，與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系的發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作，它不與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）連用。故9的正確答案為B。 10、B 11、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與for和since引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，通常是用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來代替。故11的正確答案依次為：D。 12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。 16、“have/has gone to + 地點(diǎn)”表示“某人去了某地（還未回來）”，指主語所指的人不在這兒?！癶ave/has been in + 地點(diǎn)”表示“在某地呆了多長時(shí)間”，常與表示時(shí)間的狀語連用?！癶ave/has been to +地點(diǎn)”表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地（但現(xiàn)在已不在那兒）?！惫?6的正確答案為A。 17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C 二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 1、has he? 2、How long 3、died, has been dead 4、has been open 5、has been away 6、joined；ago 7、It is, since 8、The bus has been here for ten minutes. 三、漢譯英。 1、Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now. 2、He received a letter yesterday. 3、My father has been to the Great Wall before. 4、She hasnt seen the new film yet. 5、She has been to Shanghai. 6、Where has he been these days？(UNIT2)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（注意when while as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。）(UNIT3)被動(dòng)語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)“三步曲”被動(dòng)語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞語態(tài)的一種形式,表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。在歷年的中考題中,都有一定數(shù)量的考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)的題目。因此,有必要對(duì)被動(dòng)語態(tài)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)復(fù)習(xí)。第一曲:掌握被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)語態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的差異主要體現(xiàn)在助動(dòng)詞be的變化上,同時(shí)助動(dòng)詞be還要在人稱和數(shù)上與主語保持一致。現(xiàn)將初中階段常見的幾種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)總結(jié)如下:1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):am/is/are+done(指及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞,下同)如:English is used all over the world.2.一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):was/were+done如: The picture was painted two years ago.3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):am/is/are+being+done如: The flowers are being watered by them now. 4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):have(has)+been+done如:The room has been cleaned.5.一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):will/be going to+be+done如:The work will be finished tomorrow.6.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài):情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+done如:Your homework must be handed in today.其它幾種特殊句型：It is said that . It is well known that . It is reported that.have sth done 第二曲:掌握主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法把主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),應(yīng)走好以下三步:1)主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語; 2)主動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞由主動(dòng)語態(tài)形式變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)形式; 3)主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語,組成介詞短語,放在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語動(dòng)詞之后。在無須說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),by短語可以省略。請(qǐng)看示范:主動(dòng)語態(tài):My brother repaired that bike yesterday. 主語 謂語動(dòng)詞 賓語其余部分被動(dòng)語態(tài):That bike was repaired (by my brother) yesterday. 主語 謂語動(dòng)詞 by+賓語其余部分對(duì)于主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)方法的考查,主要在句型轉(zhuǎn)換題目中出現(xiàn)。只要能夠按照上面介紹的方法去做,一般是能夠做對(duì)的。第三曲:注意主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的幾種特殊句型1.含有短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般來說,只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。另外,許多不及物動(dòng)詞加上介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞,相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞,后面也可加賓語。在變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),注意不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞,常見的這類短語動(dòng)詞有:take care of, look after, take off, look at, send for, look up等。如:The old people should be taken good care of.2.含有雙賓語的動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)含有雙賓語的主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句時(shí),應(yīng)將其中一個(gè)賓語改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的主語,另一個(gè)賓語仍保留在原處。一種情況是把間接賓語(指人)變?yōu)橹髡Z,直接賓語(指物)不變。另一種情況是把直接賓語(指物)變?yōu)橹髡Z,間接賓語(指人)不變,這時(shí),間接賓語前通常加介詞to,有時(shí)加for。如:My father gave me a new book on my birthday.I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (間接賓語作了主語)A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接賓語作了主語)3.帶有復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)帶有復(fù)合賓語(賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語)的主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),只把賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語,原來的賓語補(bǔ)足語不動(dòng)。同時(shí),如果賓語補(bǔ)足語是省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),必須加上不定式符號(hào)to,這類動(dòng)詞有make, let, see, hear, watch等。如:We find English very useful. English is found very useful. 賓語賓補(bǔ)I often hear him sing in his room. He is often heard to sing in his room. 賓語 賓補(bǔ)4.有的動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式可以表示被動(dòng)意義,這類動(dòng)詞有: wash, sell, smell, taste, sound, feel等。如:The books sell well. The food tastes good.以上四種情況在中考題目中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn),同學(xué)們?cè)谂龅筋愃祁}目時(shí),應(yīng)首先分析屬于哪種情況,然后再根據(jù)掌握的知識(shí)來做題。二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)考點(diǎn)歸納1. 主動(dòng)語態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)和主動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。如：We speak English . （改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)） English _ _ by us. 分析此句主動(dòng)語態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，被動(dòng)語態(tài)也應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，因此，答案應(yīng)是is spoken。2. 注意被動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)是：am / is / are + p.p ；一般過去時(shí)是：was / were + p.p ；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是：have / has / been + p.p；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)是：am / is / are / + being + p.p；含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的是：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be + p.p。有詩曰：被動(dòng)語態(tài)須注意，謂語不離“be”“p.p”。主謂一致別忘記，“進(jìn)行”易丟一個(gè)“be”。（注：p.p過去分詞）。如：We must take good care of our eyes. （改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)） Our eyes must _ _ good care of. 分析此句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must，那么，我們根據(jù)“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be+p.p.”的公式可知，答案應(yīng)是be taken。3. 注意句中主謂語的一致關(guān)系。如：Tea _ （grow）in southeast of China and India. 分析此句中主語tea是不可數(shù)名詞，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。而此句說明的又是一自然現(xiàn)象，因此就應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。所以，答案應(yīng)是is grown。4. 注意復(fù)合賓語的變化。如：They couldn”t make the cow go. （改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）分析the cow go 在句中作make的復(fù)合賓語。一般情況下，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)后，賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)形式、所處位置原封不動(dòng)地保存下來，但make / have / let / see / watch / hear 等后原可省的to要還原回來。顯然，此句中，the cow go 中省去的to應(yīng)還原回來，因此答案應(yīng)是The cow couldn”t be made to go. 5. 注意雙賓語的變化。如：Mr Smith showed the students two pictures yesterday . （改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）Two pictures _ _ _ the students by Mr Smith. 分析變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，雙賓語中的任何一個(gè)皆可變?yōu)橹髡Z，一般變直接賓語，但間接賓語前必須加上介詞to或for。此句中顯然是把直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，那么，間接賓語前須加上介詞to，所以答案應(yīng)是were shown to。6. 注意短語動(dòng)詞中的“小詞”。如：The old men and the children _ in our country. A. must take good care B. must be taken good careC. must be taken good care of D. must take good care of 分析短語動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，應(yīng)當(dāng)做一個(gè)詞來看待，變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后，“小詞”不能丟棄。因此，此題答案應(yīng)是C。被動(dòng)語態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1.Howlong_atthisjob? Since1990. A.wereyouemployed B.haveyoubeenemployed C.hadyoubeenemployed D.willyoubeemployed 2.Whathappenedtothepricelessworksofart? _.A.Theyweredestroyedintheearthquake B.Theearthquakewasdestroyingthem C.Theydestroyedintheearthquake D.Theearthquakedestroyedthem 3.Ifcitynoises_fromincreasing,people_shouttobeheardevenatthedinner table20yearsfromnow. A.arenotkept;willhaveto B.arenotkept;haveto C.donotkeep;willhaveto D.donotkeep;haveto 4.Doyoulikethematerial? Yes,it_verysoft. A.isfeeling B.felt C.feels D