英語(yǔ)從句用法總結(jié)ppt課件

1、,英語(yǔ)各種從句的用法,吳詩(shī)君 曹璐 楊青慧 李雙 蔣亞萍 王搏懷,表語(yǔ)從句,同位語(yǔ)從句,主語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句,狀語(yǔ)從句,從句,定語(yǔ)從句,定義：在句中作主語(yǔ)的句子叫主語(yǔ)從句 1.由從屬連詞that，whether，if引導(dǎo)； That the plates are moving is beyond dispute. Whether he will come or not is still a question. 2.由連接代詞who,that引導(dǎo); What we lack is experience. Who will go to the energy conference is not imp

2、ortant.,Subject Clause(主語(yǔ)從句),3.由連接副詞when,how,where,why引導(dǎo); How he manages to finish the job is of interest to us. Why he failed the english exam wasnt clear. 注意：that在從句中無(wú)詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)成分。 4.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)過長(zhǎng)時(shí)，為了符合英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的習(xí)慣和避免出現(xiàn)頭重腳輕的現(xiàn)象常用it 代替主語(yǔ)從句作形式主語(yǔ)放于句首，而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句末； It is known to a

3、ll that light travels in straight lines.,It was a great achievement to complete a 24-story building in 10 months. 固定用法和譯法: (1) It is +名詞+從句 It is a fact that 事實(shí)是 It is good news that 是好消息 It is a question that 是個(gè)問題 It is common knowledge that 是常識(shí) 類似的名詞還有：a pity,a wonder,surprise,no wonder等.,(2) It i

4、s +形容詞+從句 It is +形容詞+從句 It is necessary that 有必要 It is clear that 很清楚 It is likely that 很可能 It is important that 重要的是 類似的形容詞還有：strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; quite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while; surprising; interesting; astonishing, etc.,注意:在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示

5、驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 “(should) +do”，如strange，natural,(3) It is +過去分詞+從句 It is said that 據(jù)說 It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道 It has been proved that 已證明 It must be proved that 必須指出 類似的過去分詞還有：known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded

6、; made clear; found out,etc. (4) It +不及物動(dòng)詞+從句 It seems that 好像是 It happened that 碰巧,It follows that 由此可見 It has turned out that 結(jié)果是 類似的不及物動(dòng)詞還有：seem, appear, occur, follow, happen,turn out, etc. (由it作形式主語(yǔ)和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較： it作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)It is+名詞/形容詞/過去分詞+主語(yǔ)從句；而強(qiáng)調(diào)句則不同，它的結(jié)構(gòu)是：It+be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+從句 判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句有一個(gè)方法，就是將

7、that以后的“句子的其余部分”拿出來(lái)單獨(dú)看，看有沒有缺成分，缺的是什么成分，再把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面that前面的那部分，帶到你認(rèn)為缺成分的地方，如果放進(jìn)去是一句完整的句子了，那就說明是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。）,It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages _attracted the audiences interest. A.so that B.that C.what D.in which 解析：what做連接詞的時(shí)候永遠(yuǎn)等于“the thing(s) that”，it作形式主語(yǔ)是只能代名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)，代不了“名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)。 單個(gè)

8、的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Where and when he was born has not been found. When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.,B,定義：指在復(fù)合句中做主句表語(yǔ)的從句。表語(yǔ)從句和主語(yǔ)指同一內(nèi)容，它對(duì)主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行解釋、說明，使主句的內(nèi)容具體化。 The problem is when we can get a pay rise. 結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + 連系動(dòng)詞(be,seem,look) + 句子

9、作表語(yǔ) (1) 從屬連詞that，whether, as, as if 等； The trouble is that I have lost his address. The question is whether they will be able to help us. 注：從屬連詞if一般不用來(lái)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，但as if卻可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句 All this was over twenty years ago, but its as if it was only yesterday.,Predicative Clause(表語(yǔ)從句),(2)連接代詞who, whom, whose, what

10、, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 連接副詞 where, when, how, why . The question is how he did it. That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. (3)A is to B what C is to D. 目的在于突出A對(duì)于B的重要 Water is to fish what air is to man. What she wants to know is which dress she should buy. (此處which和w

11、hat的句子成分是一樣的),重點(diǎn)疑難 1“That is because/why.”意為“這就是為什么/因?yàn)?因此。兩者之間的不同在于“That is because.”指原因或理由， “That is why.”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果 He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.（前面結(jié)果，后面原因） He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last

12、 night.（前面原因，后面結(jié)果） 2.在一些表示“建議、勸說、命令”的名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。should+動(dòng)詞原形表示，should可省略; My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.,定義：指在復(fù)合句中做及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)的從句，也可以做介詞和某些形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)從句一般用于及物動(dòng)詞之后，或用于介詞之后。 1.由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句； 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。 He has t

13、old me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 注意:在demand, order, suggest, advise, decide, insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語(yǔ)從句常用 “should+ 動(dòng)詞原形”。 I insist that she (should) do her work alone.,Object Clause(賓語(yǔ)從句),The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 但是, 如果su

14、ggest作“表明、暗示”講, insist作“堅(jiān)持說、堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”講，則其后的賓語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)該用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination. I want to know what he has told you (2)由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)句; whether和if均可引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句，?？苫Q。但從句中有or not時(shí)或介詞賓語(yǔ)從句中只能用whether連接。介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句一般不用which和if引導(dǎo)，要用whether和what；that也很少引導(dǎo)介詞賓語(yǔ)從句，只在exce

15、pt, but, besides等之后才用。,(3)許多帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子，賓語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用it做形式賓語(yǔ)。結(jié)構(gòu)常是：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+it+形容詞/名詞等賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)從句 Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible. Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. it作形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別： I find it necessary to take exercise

16、every day.(形式賓語(yǔ)) I find it is necessary to take exercise every day.(形式主語(yǔ)),They found very hard to work out the problem. A.it B.its C.this D.that 解析：如果選B 就成了賓語(yǔ)從句 而賓語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句要用相應(yīng)的過去的某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。這樣時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì)，因此不能選B，只能選A。 賓語(yǔ)從句中需要注意的重點(diǎn)： 當(dāng)主句是I/ We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句如果是否

17、定形式，常把否定詞not從從句中轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中成為否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。 I dont think he will do so.,A,賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng) 主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可用任意時(shí)態(tài)(主現(xiàn)從不限); 主句用過去時(shí)，從句用過去某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)(主過從句過) ,但是從句是科學(xué)真理、客觀常識(shí)、名人格言時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí); 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could/would用于，“請(qǐng)求”，表示委婉、客氣的語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，從句不受主句的約束。 I hear he is here tody/he was here yesterday/he will be here tomorrow. He said he was watching TV/he ha

18、d swept the floor/he would play football after school. Everyone answered there are sixty minutes in an hour.,定義：在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。 限制性定語(yǔ)從句 限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞起修飾作用，緊接先行詞之后，無(wú)逗號(hào)，若省去，原句意思不完整。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有時(shí)也可

19、指物，相當(dāng)于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。關(guān)系代詞除了引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，替代先行詞外，還在從句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。 The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.,Attributive Clause(定語(yǔ)從句),1)當(dāng)先行詞是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代詞或先行詞前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，只能用關(guān)

20、系代詞that引導(dǎo)從句。 Hes the first person that Im going to interview this afternoon. 2)關(guān)系代詞的省略 在從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞常可省略。關(guān)系代詞緊跟介詞，作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不可用that，只可用which或whom引導(dǎo)從句，并且不可省略，但當(dāng)介詞位于賓語(yǔ)從句句末時(shí)，作為介詞賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞仍可用that，也可省略。 This is one of those things with which we have to put up. This is one of those things (whichthat) we have to

21、put up with.,3)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why等。關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)“介詞+which”的結(jié)構(gòu)。 Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可修飾先行詞，也可修飾整個(gè)主句，起補(bǔ)充說明作用，與主句之間有逗號(hào)隔開，若省去，原句意思不受影響。不可用that引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系詞不可省略。 Every object has a

22、gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.,1.“介詞+whichwhomwhose”可引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，該結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選擇取決于從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配，或先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配。 This is the computer on which he spent all his savings It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar. 2.as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,主要用于“such.as”及“the same.as”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。

23、as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，代替整個(gè)主句，從句可位于主句之前、之后或中間。 These are not such problems as can be easily solved As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.,定義：在復(fù)合句中用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫同位語(yǔ)從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面，用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。 1.可以跟同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，m

24、essage，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等抽象名詞；（suggestion, order,adivce等詞后的同位語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)要用（should）do的形式） Ive come from Mr wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon. 有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開; The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city,Appositive Clause(同位語(yǔ)從句)

25、,2.英語(yǔ)中引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的詞通有連詞 that，whether，連接副詞 how,when,where等。（注：if 不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。) l have no idea When he will be back He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 1同位語(yǔ)從句與前面的名詞是同位關(guān)系，即說明它前面名詞的內(nèi)容；而定語(yǔ)從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾關(guān)系，即限定它前面的名詞范圍，或補(bǔ)充一些情況； The news that l have passed the exam is true（同

26、位語(yǔ)從句表達(dá) The news that he told me just now is true 的是前面名詞的內(nèi) 容，定語(yǔ)從句則是對(duì)前面的名詞起修飾作用）,2引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that是連詞，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成份，而引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，除起連接作用外，還在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等。 The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. （that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成份。） The idea that he gave surprises many people（that在從句中作ga

27、ve的賓語(yǔ)。）,定義：用作狀語(yǔ)的從句叫作狀語(yǔ)從句，其關(guān)聯(lián)詞是一些從屬連詞。 修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞，通常由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)，按其意義和作用可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、 條件、 原因、讓步、目的、結(jié)果、 方式、比較狀語(yǔ)從句等。 1、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句： 常用引導(dǎo)詞：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until等； 特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner

28、 than, hardly when, scarcely when等；,Adverbial Clause(狀語(yǔ)從句),I didnt realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. No sooner had I arrived home ,then it began to rain. 2.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句 常用引導(dǎo)詞：where; 特殊引導(dǎo)詞：wherever, anywhere, everywhere; Generally,

29、air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. Wherever you go, you should work hard. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句一般由連接副詞where, wherever等引導(dǎo)，已經(jīng)形成了固定的句型：,句型1：Where地點(diǎn)從句，（there）主句。 【注意】 此句型通常譯成“哪里哪里就”；主句在從句后面時(shí)，there可用可不用；如果主句在從句的前面時(shí)，一般都不用there。 Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible. They were go

30、od persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 句型2：Anywhere/ wherever地點(diǎn)從句，主句。 【注意】anywhere本身是個(gè)副詞，但是常可以引導(dǎo)從句，相當(dāng)于連詞意思相似于wherever, anywhere引導(dǎo)的從句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后.而wherever本身就是個(gè)連詞，表示“在何處，無(wú)論何處。 Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.,3.原因狀語(yǔ)從句 常用引導(dǎo)詞：because, since, as, for； 特殊引導(dǎo)詞：seeing

31、that, now that, in that, considering that, given that. My friends dislike me because Im handsome and successful. Now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference. 4.目的狀語(yǔ)從句 常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that, in order that 特殊引導(dǎo)詞：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that,Th

32、e boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them. The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly 5.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that, such that, 特殊引導(dǎo)詞：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that, He got

33、up so early that he caught the first bus. Its such a good chance that we must not miss it.,6.條件狀語(yǔ)從句 常用引導(dǎo)詞：if, unless, 特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that Well start our project if the president agrees. You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. 7.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 常用引導(dǎo)詞