高中英語(yǔ)必修一unit2知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)歸納

1、Unit2 English around the worldLanguage points:1. include vt. 包含；包括 反義exclude vt. 除去；排除e.g. a. The list included his name.b. I include eggs on the list of things to buy.included adj. 包含的，包括的 including prep. 包含，包括n./pron.+ included e.g. Six persons, six women included, were killed or damaged in the ro

2、ad accident.including+ n./pron. e.g. There are six people, including three women.區(qū)別：include, contain, holdinclude: 強(qiáng)調(diào)“包括，作為整體的一部分”， 側(cè)重范圍或整體 e.g. He had included a large number of funny stories in the speech.contain: 著重“其中確實(shí)包含有”，指在一定范圍或容器內(nèi)容納某物，側(cè)重包含的內(nèi)容或成分。 e.g. The bottle contains water.hold: 指“能容納”。

3、e.g. a. The house hold 20 people. b. How much water does the jug hold?練習(xí)：1. The parcel _ a lot of things, _ a second-hand dictionary.A. contained; included B. contained; includingC. included; contained D. included; containing2. The book _ forty maps, _ three of Great Britain.A. contains; includes B.

4、 is containing; includingC. includes; contains D. contains; including 2.role n. 角色；任務(wù)；作用（同part）play roles 扮演角色 play the role/part of 扮演角色 e.g. He will play the role of the doctor in my latest drama.play a role/part in sth/doing sth 在發(fā)揮作用/扮演角色 e.g. Phonetics plays an important part in the study of En

5、glish.3. because of + n./pron/賓叢 e.g. She didnt come to the party because of what you had said.because + 句子 e.g. I was late for school this morning because I overslept.同義詞：due to 由于，作表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ) e.g. The accident was due to careless driving.thanks to 多虧，由于，作表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ) e.g. Thanks to your advice, much trouble w

6、as saved.owing to 由于，作表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ) e.g. Toms failing in the exam was owing to his carelessness.as a result of 由于，作狀語(yǔ) e.g. The flight was delayed as a result of fog.on account of 因?yàn)椋鳡钫Z(yǔ) e.g. We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather.by reason of 由于，因?yàn)椋鳡钫Z(yǔ) e.g. He was excused by reason of his ag

7、e.4. native adj.&n.adj. a. 出生地的 b. 本地的，土生土長(zhǎng)的 c. （常與to連用）本地產(chǎn)的 A是B地特產(chǎn)的動(dòng)物或植物：A be native to B. = A be a native of B.d.(指品質(zhì))與生俱來(lái)的，天生的n. 本地人，本國(guó)人，某地的動(dòng)物或植物e.g. a. Her native tongue is German. b. Tom is a native Englishman. c. Banana is native to Taiwan.= Banana is a native of Taiwan. d. native speaker f. H

8、e is a native of Beijing. g. Are you a native here, or just a visitor? h. The panda is a native of west China.注：Ones native place 指某人的出生地，但表達(dá)“是某地人”時(shí)，習(xí)慣上不說(shuō)“My native place is .”而說(shuō) “I was born in ” 拓展：nation n.國(guó)家，民族national adj. 國(guó)家的，國(guó)民的 n(c). 僑民nationality n. (u) 國(guó)籍 （c）民族 e.g. the minority nationaliti

9、es 各少數(shù)民族5. the road to the modern Englishto 為介詞，類似的有：the entrance to the hallthe answer(n.) to the question answer(v.) the questionthe key to the doora road to successa journey/trip to Beijing a visitor to Beijingthe guide to .the notes to the textan introduction to English grammar6. not 與everything

10、 連用表示部分否定類似的：all, both, every, whole, always, altogether, entirely, wholly 等與否定詞連用，構(gòu)成部分否定。e.g. a. All is not gold that glitters.= Not all that glitters is gold. 發(fā)光的并非都是金子。b. All men here are not honest. 這兒的人并非都誠(chéng)實(shí)。c. Both of the brothers dont like the film. 兄弟兩不都喜歡這部電影。d. The rich are not always happ

11、y. 有錢人并非總是幸福的。另：notand 的否定，被否定的往往是and 后面的那一部分。e.g. a. She cannot sing and dance. 她會(huì)唱歌但不會(huì)跳舞。 b. He did not speak clearly and correctly. 他講得清楚但不正確。注：把a(bǔ)nd 換成or, not 對(duì)其后面的兩部分就全盤否定了。e.g. a. She cannot sing or dance.她既不會(huì)唱歌也不會(huì)跳舞。notas well as 只否定它前面的部分，表示部分肯定。e.g. a. He doesnt dance as well as sing. 他唱歌，但不

12、跳舞。 b. The child isnt lively as well as healthy.這個(gè)孩子健康，但不活潑。拓展：全部否定若表示全部否定，則用none, neither, nobody, nowhere, never etc.+肯定動(dòng)詞e.g. a. Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.世上無(wú)難事，只怕有心人。 b. No pains, no gains.c. None of them are right. 他們都不對(duì)。 d. Neither of us will go. 我們兩都不去。

13、 e. The book is nowhere to find. 都處都找不到這本書。anything, anything, any other etc.+ 否定動(dòng)詞 e.g. I cannot do any of the exercises. 任何一道題我都不會(huì)做。7Come up a. = to rise （太陽(yáng)）升起 e.g. The sun came up.b. =to come near 走近 e.g. He came up and said hello to me.c. =to appear or happen 顯現(xiàn)；出現(xiàn) e.g. The question never came

14、up.d. （植物）長(zhǎng)出地面拓展：come about 發(fā)生happen come across 偶遇，碰到=come upon/meet with/run across (into)come along 進(jìn)展，進(jìn)步 come to 蘇醒；結(jié)果達(dá)到come on 來(lái)吧；趕快 come into being 形成（無(wú)被動(dòng)形式）come into power 上臺(tái)，掌權(quán)come into use come out 出版；開花；發(fā)芽；出現(xiàn) come over 過(guò)來(lái)；順便拜訪come true 實(shí)現(xiàn)8actually adv. 事實(shí)上；實(shí)際上；真實(shí)地e.g. Actually, few of us w

15、ill agree with him.同義詞：really, in fact, as a matter of fact，in reality, in truth, in point of fact, in nature9. present n. &adj. & vt.n. a. =gift 禮物 e.g. a birthday giftb. 當(dāng)前；目前 at presentnow 目前 at the present time 在目前，在現(xiàn)在 for the present = for the time being 暫時(shí)，暫且，就目前來(lái)講up to the present =up to now

16、到目前為止 presently=soon 不久e.g.a. I will treasure the birthday present he gave me.adj. a. 出席的；到場(chǎng)的（作后置定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)） be present at 出席 b. 現(xiàn)在的；現(xiàn)存的（作前置定語(yǔ)）e.g. a. There are twenty children present. b. What is your present job?vt. 贈(zèng)予， 頒予，提出，呈遞 把某物給某人 present sth to sbmake a present of sth to sb present sb with sth e.

17、g. a. They presented flowers to their teacher.拓展：presence n. 出席；到場(chǎng)；存在反義absence n.present adj. be present at 反義absent adj. be absent from 練習(xí)：1_The teacher present _(在座的老師) will have a discussion about it.10morethan 與其說(shuō)倒不如說(shuō) e.g. more brave than wise 有勇無(wú)謀more than 超過(guò)，不僅僅，不止 e.g. It cost me more than $1

18、00.no more than 不過(guò)，僅僅，同一樣不e.g. Its no more than a mile to the shops.no morethan 與都不，不也不e.g. He is no more diligent than you .你不勤奮，他也不勤奮。not more than 至多，不超過(guò)，不比更 e.g. The new edition is not more expensive than the old edition.not morethan 不象一樣，不如一樣e.g. This book is not more interesting than that one.

19、這本書沒(méi)有那本書有趣。lessthan less than 少于no less than 竟有之多，多達(dá)e.g. His son has read no less than 50 English books.他的兒子竟然讀了50本英文書。（強(qiáng)調(diào)多）no lessthan 和一樣，不亞于 e.g.Her voice is no less sweet than it used to be.她的歌聲和以前一樣甜美。not less than 不少于,至少e.g.His son has read not less than 50 English books.他的兒子讀了不少于50本英文書。（不強(qiáng)調(diào)多或

20、少）11. rule vt.&vi. (ruled, ruling) 統(tǒng)治，支配 e.g. Try not to let your heart rule your head.n. 規(guī)則，法規(guī)，章程，統(tǒng)治權(quán) e.g. The school rules must be obeyed.拓展： as a rule 通常，總體上generally speakingby rule 按慣例 keep/obey/follow the rule(s) 遵守規(guī)則 break the rule(s) 破例，犯規(guī) carry out a/the rule 執(zhí)行規(guī)則 make a rule of doing sth 有

21、做某事的習(xí)慣make it a rule +to do定為規(guī)律，總是by/according to rule(s) 按規(guī)則under the rule of 在的統(tǒng)治下12Such aslike “諸如，譬如說(shuō)” 用于列舉事物， 后不用逗號(hào)，所列舉事物的數(shù)量不等同于被舉例名詞的總量，否則就應(yīng)該用that is 或namely. for example=for instance “比如說(shuō)” 用于舉例說(shuō)明，其后一般用逗號(hào)，一般僅舉同類人或物的一個(gè)例子。e.g. a. Students, _such as_ Tom and Mary, should be learnt from. b. Wear s

22、omething simple, _for example_, a skirt and blouse.13. request vt.&n. 要求，請(qǐng)求 request sth from/of sb e.g. a All I request of you is that you should be here earlier. request sb to do sth e.g. Gentlemen are requested not to smoke. request that .should. e.g. He requests that you come earlier. at the requ

23、est of sb = at sbs request 在某人要求下 make a request for 請(qǐng)求 14. recognize vt. a. 認(rèn)出，辨認(rèn)出； b. 承認(rèn)，認(rèn)可 c. 意識(shí)到recognize sb as/to be - be recognized as/to be 承認(rèn)某人是recognize sb to do sth 承認(rèn)某人做某事recognize that-clause 意識(shí)到e.g. a I recognized my old friend at once. b. They recognized him to be a great leader. c. He

24、 recognized that he was not fit for the post. d. He recognized that he was wrong.辨析：recognize, know recognize: 指原來(lái)很熟悉，經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間的間隔或別的原因后又重新認(rèn)出來(lái)，是終止性動(dòng)詞；know:是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，指相互間十分熟悉，十分了解。e.g. a. I have known him for 10 years.b. The town has changed so much that you wouldnt recognize it.練習(xí)：- Oh, its you! I _ you.-

25、Ive just had my hair cut, and Im wearing new glasses.A. didnt recognize B. hadnt recognizedC. havent recognized D. dont recgnize 15. way n.路，道路e.g. the way to the station 到車站的路 ask the way 問(wèn)路路線，路途e.g.a. He is on the way home. b. They sang songs to cheer the way.他們唱歌活躍路途。方向，附近（只用單數(shù)）e.g. a.This way, please. b. He