電力系統(tǒng)計(jì)算報(bào)告

1、電力系統(tǒng)計(jì)算報(bào)告院 （系） 電氣工程及自動(dòng)化 授 課 教 師 胡林獻(xiàn) 姓 名 張遠(yuǎn)實(shí) 學(xué) 號(hào) 13S P-Q分解潮流法簡(jiǎn)述P-Q分解潮流法的基本原理、計(jì)算過(guò)程、計(jì)算框圖。用C語(yǔ)言編制P-Q分解法潮流程序，并用電科院6機(jī)22節(jié)點(diǎn)系統(tǒng)加以驗(yàn)證。要求采用稀疏技術(shù)、因子表技術(shù)和節(jié)點(diǎn)優(yōu)化技術(shù)，并考慮負(fù)荷靜態(tài)特性。P-Q分解潮流法的基本原理：P-Q分解法即是基于采用極坐標(biāo)形式表示的牛頓法，其根據(jù)電力系統(tǒng)實(shí)際運(yùn)行狀態(tài)的線路參數(shù)R/X通常很小的情況，對(duì)求解修正量的修正方程系數(shù)矩陣加以簡(jiǎn)化，使其變?yōu)槌?shù)陣(即所謂的等斜率)，且 P、Q迭代解耦。這樣可減少每次迭代的計(jì)算時(shí)間，提高計(jì)算速度，又不影響最終結(jié)果，因此是

2、通常選用的一種方法。但在低電壓配電網(wǎng)中，當(dāng)線路 R/X比值很大時(shí)，可能出現(xiàn)不收斂情況，此時(shí)應(yīng)考慮更換其它方法。計(jì)算過(guò)程：1、 形成有功迭代和無(wú)功迭代的簡(jiǎn)化雅克比矩陣 和 2、 給定PQ節(jié)點(diǎn)的初值和各節(jié)點(diǎn)電壓相角初值3、 作有功迭代，計(jì)算，解修正方程，得各節(jié)點(diǎn)電壓相角的修正值。4、 作無(wú)功迭代，計(jì)算，解修正方程，得各節(jié)點(diǎn)電壓幅值的修正量。5、 返回第三步，繼續(xù)迭代到滿(mǎn)足要求為止。計(jì)算框圖流程：YY輸入原始數(shù)據(jù)形成矩陣 及 并進(jìn)行三角分解設(shè)PQ節(jié)點(diǎn)電壓初值，各節(jié)點(diǎn)電壓相角初值制迭代計(jì)數(shù)k=0用公式計(jì)算不平衡功率，計(jì)算 置解修正方程求 置用公式計(jì)算不平衡功率，計(jì)算置解修正方程求置 計(jì)算平衡節(jié)點(diǎn)功率及

3、全部線路功率輸出YY算例描述用電科院6機(jī)22節(jié)點(diǎn)算例進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，詳細(xì)參數(shù)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)鋱D如下所示表1 線路參數(shù)支路號(hào)首末端節(jié)點(diǎn)號(hào)支路電阻支路電抗對(duì)地電納/217-80.01060.07400.027-90.01470.10400.038-90.00340.01310.049-220.05590.21800.1954512-130.002450.02551.395614-190.00340.02000.0716-190.05780.21800.1887816-200.01630.06620.2353916-210.03740.17800.1641016-180.00330.03330.01119-21

4、0.01140.03700.01220-220.02140.08590.30081321-220.01500.06070.2198148-220.05370.19000.16531511-120.00330.03431.08797表2 變壓器支路數(shù)據(jù)支路號(hào)首末端節(jié)點(diǎn)號(hào)電阻電抗變比17-10.00.01501.05029-20.00.02171.075322-30.00.01241.100419-40.00.06401.025518-50.00.03751.050617-60.00.03371.000710-90.0-0.0021.000811-100.00.01801.000915-120.0

5、0.01801.0001017-130.00.01001.0001115-140.0-0.0021.0001216-170.00.00101.027表3 并聯(lián)電容器數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)號(hào)電納12-1.3665160.5017611-1.366512-1.3665表4 母線功率數(shù)據(jù)母線號(hào)發(fā)電機(jī)輸出有功發(fā)電機(jī)輸出無(wú)功負(fù)荷有功負(fù)荷無(wú)功15.96311.73550.000.00263.20.000.0000.0000.0054.33.340.000.006-0.011.00.000.0070.000.000.000.0080.000.002.871.4490.000.003

6、.762.21100.000.000.000.00110.000.000.000.00120.000.000.000.00130.000.000.000.00140.000.000.000.00150.000.000.000.00160.000.005.02.9170.000.000.000.00180.000.004.32.6190.000.000.8640.662200.000.000.7190.474210.000.000.70.5220.000.002.2651.69表5 無(wú)功可調(diào)母線數(shù)據(jù)母線號(hào)電壓幅值（標(biāo)幺值）無(wú)功下限值無(wú)功上限制11.0-51031.0-5561.0-56表6 發(fā)電

7、機(jī)參數(shù)母線號(hào)暫態(tài)電抗轉(zhuǎn)子慣性時(shí)間常數(shù)阻尼系數(shù)發(fā)電機(jī)有功出力下限發(fā)電機(jī)有功出力上限10.0150140.820.00316.520.038230.000.001.26.630.039679.500.001.58.2540.121015.680.0048039.200.001.025.6160.19762.620.000.21.1圖1 電科院6機(jī)22節(jié)點(diǎn)系統(tǒng)圖計(jì)算結(jié)果I V CA PL QL PG QG1 1.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 5.96312 1.735492 0.97384 -11. 0.00000 0.00000 6.00000 3

8、.200003 1.00000 -27. 0.00000 0.00000 3.10000 3.147314 1.02190 -25. 0.00000 0.00000 1.60000 0.700005 1.04392 -28. 0.00000 0.00000 4.30000 3.340006 1.00000 -37. 0.00000 0.00000 -0.01000 0.916647 1.02697 -5. 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.000008 0.96847 -19. -2.87000 -1.44000 0.00000 0.000009 0.98081 -19. -

9、3.76000 -2.21000 0.00000 0.0000010 0.97985 -19. 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.0000011 0.99050 -23. 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.0000012 0.99359 -30. 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.0000013 0.98198 -35. 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.0000014 1.00020 -30. 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.0000015 1.00103 -30. 0.00000 0.00000 0

10、.00000 0.0000016 0.99308 -27. -5.00000 -2.90000 0.00000 0.0000017 0.96911 -37. 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.0000018 0.98360 -37. -4.30000 -2.60000 0.00000 0.0000019 1.00776 -31. -0.86400 -0.66200 0.00000 0.0000020 1.01475 -35. -0.71900 -0.47400 0.00000 0.0000021 1. -32. -0.70000 -0.50000 0.00000 0.0000

11、022 1.05792 -29. -2.26500 -1.69000 0.00000 0.00000I J PIJ QIJ PJI QJI1 7 5.96312 1.73549 -5.96312 -1.156932 9 6.00000 3.20000 -6.00000 -2.141953 22 3.10000 3.14731 -3.10000 -2.905314 19 1.60000 0.70000 -1.60000 -0.513085 18 4.30000 3.34000 -4.30000 -2.319866 17 -0.01000 0.91664 0.01000 -0.888337 8 3

12、.48120 0.74380 -3.35384 0.145337 9 2.48191 0.41314 -2.39368 0.211128 9 -0.28186 -0.83922 0.28470 0.850168 22 0.76571 -0.74611 -0.71214 0.595619 10 3.63860 -0.48476 -3.63860 0.456749 22 0.71038 -0.64457 -0.66894 0.3995110 11 3.63860 -0.45674 -3.63860 0.7088611 12 3.38055 -2.04951 -3.59392 -1.1859912

13、13 3.38055 -1.10216 -3.35200 -1.3230612 15 0.21337 -0.40993 -0.21337 0.4138313 17 3.35200 1.32306 -3.35200 -1.1883914 15 -0.21337 0.41339 0.21337 -0.4138314 19 0.21337 -0.41339 -0.21264 0.4177216 17 -3.34200 -2.06023 3.34200 2.0767116 18 0.00027 0.28284 -0.00000 -0.2801416 19 -0.51158 -0.08567 0.527

14、51 -0.2319916 20 -0.59323 -0.39926 0.59959 -0.0495816 21 -0.55346 -0.14284 0.56509 -0.1326619 21 0.42113 -0.33465 -0.41788 0.3451920 22 -1.31859 -0.42442 1.35499 -0.0758421 22 -0.84721 -0.71254 0.86108 0.29604源程序#include math.h#include stdio.h#define NS2000/最大節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)#define NS2NS * 2#define NS41000/NS4、

15、NS必須大于2*zls。#define ZS3000/最大支路數(shù)#define ZS2ZS * 2#define DKS200/最大電抗器數(shù)#define N2ZS * 4#define N3ZS * 8 + NS * 4 FILE *fp1, *fp2;char inname12, outname12;/fp1輸入數(shù)據(jù)文件指針fp2輸出文件指針/inname輸入數(shù)據(jù)文件名outname輸出數(shù)據(jù)文件名int n, zls, nb, mdk, mpj, bnsopton, it1, dsd, kk2, nzls;/節(jié)點(diǎn)總數(shù)n(包括聯(lián)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)) 支路數(shù)(回路數(shù))zls 節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)nb(發(fā)電機(jī)和負(fù)荷) /

16、接地電抗數(shù)mdk精度eps 平衡節(jié)點(diǎn)號(hào)mpj /節(jié)點(diǎn)優(yōu)化(標(biāo)志)bnsopton(=0節(jié)點(diǎn)不優(yōu)化，!=0節(jié)點(diǎn)優(yōu)化) /最大迭代次數(shù)it1 最低電壓或最大功率誤差節(jié)點(diǎn)號(hào)dsd/負(fù)荷靜特性標(biāo)志(=0考慮負(fù)荷靜特性)/支路數(shù)(雙回線算一條支路)int izlZS, jzlZS, idkDKS, ydsNS, ydzNS, iyZS2;/izl,jzl,idk:分別存放左、右節(jié)點(diǎn)號(hào)和電抗器節(jié)點(diǎn)號(hào)。/yds存放各行非零非對(duì)角元素的個(gè)數(shù)。/ydzi是第 i 行第一個(gè)非零非對(duì)角元素的首地址，/即在所有非零非對(duì)角元素中的次序號(hào)/ iy存放列足碼。int nnewNS4, oldNS, nobNS, nobtN

17、S;/nnew,old存放的是新、舊節(jié)點(diǎn)號(hào)。/nnewi中為i對(duì)應(yīng)的新號(hào)/nob存放的是節(jié)點(diǎn)號(hào)。nobt存放的是節(jié)點(diǎn)類(lèi)型, 0: pq節(jié)點(diǎn), -1: pv節(jié)點(diǎn)。double eps, dsm, vmin, dph, dqh, af3;/eps迭代收斂精度，dsm最大功率誤差/vmin:系統(tǒng)最低電壓值。dph,dqh:系統(tǒng)有、無(wú)功損耗。/af0和af1分別是負(fù)荷有功功率、無(wú)功功率靜態(tài)特性系數(shù)。double v00;/ v00: 系統(tǒng)平均電壓ci,cj分別作為節(jié)點(diǎn)i,j的電壓相角的臨時(shí)存儲(chǔ)單元。double zrZS, zxZS, zykZS, dkkDKS, giiNS, biiNS, ygZS

18、2, ybZS2;double pgNS, qgNS, plNS, qlNS, v0NS, vNS, vaNS;/支路電阻zr支路電抗zx輸電線路充電容納zyk(y0/2)/接地電抗dkk對(duì)角元實(shí)部gii對(duì)角元虛部/非對(duì)角元實(shí)部yg非對(duì)角元虛部yb/pg,qg,pl,ql:發(fā)電機(jī)，負(fù)荷功率實(shí)、虛部/ v是電壓幅值,va是電壓相角。double wNS2, kg3, bNS2;int newsortNS4;/newsorti存放i對(duì)應(yīng)的老號(hào)void initial();void pqflow();void out();void dataio();void bnsopt();void zlsort

19、(int* nnew);void printo();void printy();void y2();void ya0();void yzb();void jdgl(int kq0);void bbhl(int kq0);void calc();int iabs(int a);void branch_output();void newval(double* aa);void printc(char aa, int n);/void printc();void iswap(int* m, int* n);/void iswap();/void swap();void swap(double* m,

20、 double* n);void printf2(double* aa, double* bb, int n);void calc(int* iu, double* u, double* di, int* nfd, double* b);void printi(int* aa, int n);void printf1(double* aa, int n);int find(int k, int a, int* z);void yzb(int t, int* iu, double* u, double* di, int* nfd);int isgn(int a, int b);void yy1(

21、);void y3();void newtoold();void node_output(); / int pq_main(void)initial();/初始化pqflow();/pq潮流計(jì)算out();/輸出節(jié)點(diǎn)和支路數(shù)據(jù)return 1;int isgn(int a, int b)/*本函數(shù)功能返回值為a的絕對(duì)值b的符號(hào)*/參數(shù)1提供值，參數(shù)2提供符號(hào)/if (b 0)a = -a;return a;int find(int k, int a, int* z)/*本函數(shù)查找a中是否有fabs(k)有則返回0，無(wú)則返回1*/參數(shù)1為待查找量，參數(shù)2待搜索數(shù)組，參數(shù)3返回k在a中的次序號(hào)/i

22、nt i;for (i = 1; i = n; i +)if(iabs(k) = ai)*z = i;return 1;return 0;void oldtonew()/*本函數(shù)將輸入數(shù)據(jù)中的節(jié)點(diǎn)號(hào)變成從1開(kāi)始的連續(xù)節(jié)點(diǎn)號(hào)*/int i, j, k, ii1, ii2, zls2, k1, k2, k3, k4, ip;zls2 = zls + zls;for (i = 1; i = zls2; i +)newsorti = 0;ii1 = 0;for (i = 1; i = zls; i +)k = izli;if (!find(k, newsort, &ii2)ii1 +;newsorti

23、i1 = iabs(k);k = jzli;if (!find(k, newsort, &ii2)ii1 +;newsortii1 = iabs(k);for (i = 1; i = ii1-1; i +)for (j = i+1; j newsortj)k = newsorti;newsorti = newsortj;newsortj = k;for (i = 1; i = zls; i +)k = izli;if (find(k, newsort, &ii2)izli = isgn(ii2, k);else printf(error!);k = jzli;if (find(k, newso

24、rt, &ii2)jzli = isgn(ii2, k);elseprintf(error!);printf(izl%d = %d, jzl%d = %dn, i, izli, i, jzli);for (i = 1; i = nb; i +)for (j = 1; j = n; j +)if (nobi = newsortj)nobi = j;break;printf(nob%d = %dn, i, nobi);for (j = 1; j = n; j +)if (mpj = newsortj)mpj = j;break;/電抗器節(jié)點(diǎn)號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)變for (j = 1; j = mdk; j +)f

25、or (i = 1; i = n; i +)if (idkj = newsorti)idkj = i;break;/hu 2013-1-8printc(-, 58);fprintf(fp2, nn *newsort*n);for (i = 1; i = n; i +) fprintf(fp2, %8d%8dn, i, newsorti); fprintf(fp2, n *newsort*n);/ hu 2013-1-8void initial() /*本函數(shù)進(jìn)行初始化工作*/int i, k1;dataio();/輸入原始數(shù)據(jù)oldtonew();/轉(zhuǎn)化為新號(hào)if (bnsopton = 0)

26、 /節(jié)點(diǎn)不優(yōu)化，新節(jié)點(diǎn)號(hào)即為老節(jié)點(diǎn)號(hào)。for (i = 1; i = n; i +) oldi = i; nnewi = i; else bnsopt(); /節(jié)點(diǎn)優(yōu)化mpj = nnewmpj;/mpj:平衡節(jié)點(diǎn)zlsort(nnew);/ sort the r,x and bfor (i = 1; i = mdk; i +) k1 = idki; idki = nnewk1;for (i = 1; i = n; i +) vi = v00; vai = 0.0; / 所有節(jié)點(diǎn)的電壓幅值初值都為1.000(v00)，電壓相角初值都為0 。 / exchange the node before

27、 and after sortfor (i = 1; i = n; i +) ydsi = 0; / the immediatefor (i = 1; i = nb; i +) k1 = nnewnobi; ydsk1 = nobti; for (i = 1; i = n; i +) nobti = ydsi;newval(pg);newval(qg);newval(pl);newval(ql);newval(v0);for (i = 1; i = n; i +) / nobt is type of nodeif (nobti = -1) vi = v0i; / nob is serials

28、numbe/nobt = -1: pv節(jié)點(diǎn)，v0存放的是最后一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)，/對(duì)于pv節(jié)點(diǎn)，即為該點(diǎn)應(yīng)維持的電壓值。/nobt = 0: pq節(jié)點(diǎn)，v0存放的是最后一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)，/對(duì)于pq節(jié)點(diǎn)，即為系統(tǒng)平均電壓值。printo();/輸出af、v00和節(jié)點(diǎn)排序后的支路、節(jié)點(diǎn)和/接地電抗數(shù)據(jù)(僅僅查看中間結(jié)果)ya0();/獲得yds、ydz、列足碼iy。( P407 )void printo()/*輸出af、v00和節(jié)點(diǎn)排序后的支路、節(jié)點(diǎn)和接地電抗數(shù)據(jù)*/int i;fprintf(fp2, n *AF AND V0 *n);fprintf(fp2, n %7.3f%7.3f%7.3fn, af

29、0, af1, v00);printc(-, 78);fprintf(fp2, nn *ZLB*n);for (i = 1; i = zls; i +) fprintf(fp2, n);fprintf(fp2, %8d%8d%8d%8d, izli, jzli, oldabs(izli), oldabs(jzli);fprintf(fp2, %9.4f%9.4f%9.4f, zri, zxi, zyki); printc(-, 78);fprintf(fp2, nn*BUS*n);for (i = 1; i = nb; i +) fprintf(fp2, n);fprintf(fp2, %8d

30、%8d%8d, nobi,oldnobi, nobti);fprintf(fp2, %9.4f%9.4f%9.4f%9.4f%9.4f, pgi, qgi, pli, qli, v0i); printc(-, 78);fprintf(fp2,nn*DKK*n);for (i = 1; i = mdk; i +) fprintf(fp2, n);fprintf(fp2, %8d%8d%7.4f, idki, oldidki, dkki); void dataio() /*系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)初始化*/int i;af0 = 0.6; af1 = 2.0;/af0和af1分別是負(fù)荷有功功率、無(wú)功功率靜態(tài)特性系

31、數(shù)。 v00 = 1.000;/系統(tǒng)平均電壓 printf(nplease input the name of data filen);scanf(%s, inname);fp1 = fopen(inname, r);printf(nplease output the name of data filen);scanf(%s, outname);fp2 = fopen(outname, w);fscanf(fp1, %d %d %d %d, &n, &zls, &nb, &mdk); / the number of node ,branches, nodefscanf(fp1, %lf %d

32、%d %d %d, &eps, &kk2, &mpj, &bnsopton, &it1); /precision, swing node,sort the node,iteration numbersfor (i = 1; i = zls; i +) fscanf(fp1, %d %d, &izli, &jzli);fscanf(fp1, %lf %lf %lf , &zri, &zxi, &zyki); for (i = 1; i = nb; i +) fscanf(fp1, %d %d, &nobi, &nobti);fscanf(fp1, %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf, &pg

33、i, &qgi, &pli, &qli, &v0i);for (i = 1; i eps) kgkq0=1;if (kq0 = 0) calc(iu1, u1, di1, nfd1, b);if (kq0 = 1) calc(iu2, u2, di2, nfd2, b);for (i = 1; i it1) break;while(fabs(dsm) eps) | (kgkq0 != 0);fprintf(fp2, n%s%d, times = , t);void out() /*本函數(shù)輸出節(jié)點(diǎn)和支路數(shù)據(jù)*/zlsort(old); / recover the data if sorted/n

34、ewtoold();node_output(); / node databranch_output(); /branch dataprintc(-, 78);printc(*, 78);fprintf(fp2, n);void newval(double* aa) /*本函數(shù)將舊號(hào)換成新號(hào)*/int i, k1;for (i = 1; i = n; i +) bi = 0.0;for (i = 1; i = nb; i +) k1 = nnewnobi; bk1 = aai; for (i = 1; i = n; i +) aai = bi;void yzb(int t, int* iu, d

35、ouble* u, double* di, int* nfd)/*本函數(shù)求因子表*/參數(shù)1為標(biāo)志(t=0 求B,t=1求B)/參數(shù)2因子表上三角矩陣非零非對(duì)角元素的列足碼/參數(shù)3因子表上三角矩陣非零非對(duì)角元素的數(shù)值/參數(shù)4因子表上三角矩陣對(duì)角元素/參數(shù)5因子表上三角各行非零元素個(gè)數(shù)int i, j, k, i1, i2; int jj, jj1, jj2, im, x, fdNS;double ai, bNS;nfd1 = 1;for (i = 1; i = NS; i +) /hu 2013-1-9ui = 0.0; /hu 2013-1-9for (i = 1; i = n; i +) /

36、nobt 存放的是節(jié)點(diǎn)類(lèi)型, 0: pq節(jié)點(diǎn), -1: pv節(jié)點(diǎn)。 if (t != 1) | (nobti != -1) & i != mpj) / -| / |for (j = i + 1; j = n; j +) / |bj = 0.0; / | bi = biii; / | if (kk2 = 0) & (t = 1) & (nobti != -1)/ 存在(t = 1)的情況，不多余。 bi = bi + af1 * qli / v0i / v0i;/af1i1 = ydzi;i2 = ydzi + 1 - 1;for (j = i1; j = i2; j +) k = iyj; b

37、k = ybj;bmpj = 0.0;if (t = 1)for (j = 1; j = n; j +)if (nobtj = -1) bj = 0.0;i1 = i - 1;for (im = 1; im = i1; im +) jj1 = nfdim;jj2 = nfdim + 1 - 1;for (jj = jj1; jj = jj2; jj +)if(iujj = i) ai = ujj / diim;for(k = jj; k = jj2; k +)j = iuk;bj = bj - ai * uk;break;x = nfdi;dii = 1.0 / bi;ai = dii;k =

38、 0;i1 = i + 1;for (j = i1; j 1.0e-15)ux = bj * ai;iux = j;k+;x+; fdi = k; else fdi = 0; dii = 0.0;nfdi+1 = nfdi + fdi;fprintf(fp2, n*U*);for (i = 1; i x; i +) if(i % 3 = 1) fprintf(fp2, n);fprintf(fp2, %9.5f%7d, ui, iui);/fprintf(fp2, n*xxxx*);/fprintf(fp2, %8d%10.5f%8d,x,u38,fd22); fprintf(fp2, n*f

39、d*);printi(fd, n); fprintf(fp2, n*nfd*);printi(nfd, n);fprintf(fp2, n*DI*);printf1(di, n);void printf1(double* aa, int n)/*本函數(shù)輸出aai,i=1-n*/int i;for (i = 1; i = n; i +) if(i % 5 = 1) fprintf(fp2, n);fprintf(fp2, %9.5f, aai); fprintf(fp2, nn);void calc(int* iu, double* u, double* di, int* nfd, double

40、* b) /*本函數(shù)利用因子表解線形方程組。(P417圖F1-9)*/double bi;int i, j, k, i1, i2;for (i = 1; i = n; i +) /前代過(guò)程。 bi = bi;i1 = nfdi;i2 = nfdi + 1;for (j = i1; j = 1; i -) / 回代過(guò)程。 bi = bi;i1 = nfdi;i2 = nfdi + 1 - 1;for (j = i2; j = i1; j -) k = iuj; bi = bi - bk * uj;bi = bi; void zlsort(int* nnew)/。/*本函數(shù)進(jìn)行支路數(shù)據(jù)排序*/小節(jié)點(diǎn)號(hào)放左邊，大節(jié)點(diǎn)號(hào)放右邊/左右皆按從小到大順序排列/int ip, k1, k2, k3, k4;int i, j;for (i = 1; i