電力系統(tǒng)介紹電力英語ppt課件

1、電力英語閱讀,任 惠 華北電力大學(xué)電力工程系（保定）,11/21/2020,1,Power System Introduction,Power dispatching,voltage,current,active power,reactive power,status of circuit breakers,Status of protective relays,電力系統(tǒng)調(diào)度,11/21/2020,2,11/21/2020,3,11/21/2020,4,11/21/2020,5,11/21/2020,6,11/21/2020,7,Basics,DC/AC 直流/交流 Voltage 電壓 Vo

2、ltage level 電壓等級 110v, 220v, 380v, 3kV, 6kV, 10kV, 20kV, 35kV 110kV, 220kV, 330kV, 500kV, 750kV, 1100kV Phase voltage 相電壓, line voltage 線電壓 Active power（real power）有功功率 Reactive power 無功功率,11/21/2020,8,Basics,11/21/2020,9,11/21/2020,10,Basics,Generator Power Transformer Circuit breaker Protective Re

3、lay Dispatching system,11/21/2020,11,11/21/2020,12,11/21/2020,13,11/21/2020,14,11/21/2020,15,11/21/2020,16,11/21/2020,17,燃煤機組,11/21/2020,18,Power Dispatching,Dispatching regulation on power system: issued in 1993 by State Council. Unified dispatching and hierarchical management: five levels.,國調(diào),網(wǎng)調(diào),省

4、調(diào),地調(diào),縣調(diào),11/21/2020,19,11/21/2020,20,Power dispatching automation system(調(diào)度自動化系統(tǒng)). The task is providing to operators(調(diào)度員) all various kinds of real time information of power system, making management and dispatching decision to ensure safety and economical operation of power system. Sometimes it is

5、also called EMS (Energy Management System)(能量管理系統(tǒng)),11/21/2020,21,EMS includes the following power advanced software:Load Forecasting(負荷預(yù)測), Automated Generation Control(自動發(fā)電控制), State Estimation(狀態(tài)估計), Transient Stability Analysis(暫態(tài)穩(wěn)定分析), Optimal Power Flow(最優(yōu)潮流), Dispatcher Training Simulator(調(diào)度員培

6、訓(xùn)仿真系統(tǒng)) The basics of these advanced software is SCADA system.,11/21/2020,22,The generator voltages are in the range of 11 to 30kV; higher generator voltages are difficult to obtain because of insulation problems in the narrow confines of the generator stator. 發(fā)電機機端電壓范圍在11kV至30kV之間。機端電壓難以達到更高的原因是由于發(fā)電

7、機定子的絕緣問題。,11/21/2020,23,Transformers are then used to step up the voltages to the range of 110 to 765kV. 由升壓變壓器將電壓升至110kV至765kV。 In California the backbone of the transmission system is composed mainly of 500kV, 345kV, and 230kV three-phase lines. The voltages refer to voltages from line to line. 加州

8、的主干輸電網(wǎng)由500kV、345kV和230kV的三相線路組成。上述電壓指的是線電壓。,11/21/2020,24,One reason for using high transmission-line voltages is to improve energy transmission efficiency. Basically, transmission of a given amount of power (at specified power factor) requires a fixed product of voltage and line current. Lower line

9、 currents are associated with lower resistive losses(I2R) in the line. 采用高輸電線電壓的原因之一是提高能量傳輸效率。基本上，當傳輸一定的功率時（在給定功率因數(shù)下），電壓和線路電流的乘積一定。降低電流相當于降低線路上的電阻性損耗。,11/21/2020,25,The primary objective of the interconnection is improved service reliability; a loss of generation in one area can be made up by utiliz

10、ing spare capacity in another area. 電網(wǎng)互聯(lián)的主要目的是提高供電可靠性；一個區(qū)域損失的發(fā)電量可以由另外一個區(qū)域的剩余容量供給。,11/21/2020,26,Decision: Build or Upgrade City Substation 城市變電站面臨抉擇：新建還是擴建 Because many cities have experienced rapid growth, their substations have often reached the limits of their capacity. As a result, downtown dist

11、ribution systems are often overworked and many need a major upgrade, overhaul, or expansion. However, space is scarce. 由于城市不斷發(fā)展，許多城市變電站已經(jīng)達到其負荷極限，許多配電站急需升級、檢修或擴建，問題是空間不足。,11/21/2020,27,BC Hydro built Cathedral Square, a major 230/12 kV underground gas-insulated substation located 62 ft underground, i

12、n 1984. BC水電公司于1984年建造了這個位于地下62ft（英尺）的230/12kV氣體絕緣地下變電站。 It has three levels underground and an urban park above. It originally had a dozen 12kV feeders, but has since undergone several upgrades, including the addition of 24 feeders for a current total of 36. 變電站建在地面以下，分為三層，地面上則是個公園，最初有12條12kV饋電線路，經(jīng)

13、過幾次擴建增加了24條，目前共有36條饋電線路。,11/21/2020,28,Using some devices such as magnetic temperature indicators that measure differential temperature between load tap-changer (LTC) oil tanks and main transformer oil tanks, the utility has moved from an annual LTC breaker maintenance schedule to an as-needed sched

14、ule. 由于使用了一些電磁溫度指示器之類的裝置來測量有載調(diào)壓分接頭油箱和主變壓器郵箱之間的溫差，這家電力公司不必像以前那樣，每年都要進行LTC開關(guān)維修，而是根據(jù)需要隨時進行維修。,11/21/2020,29,On-line monitoring information is collected by the utility supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system, and is then sent to the diagnostics program where the data are analyzed accordi

15、ng to present parameters supplied by DP here the only requirement is relative motion, and since a stationary armature and a rotating field system have numerous advantages, this arrangement is standard practice for all synchronous machines rated above a few kilovolt-amperes. 交流發(fā)電機不受任何限制，惟一的要求是相對移動，而且

16、由于固定電樞及旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場系統(tǒng)具有許多優(yōu)點，這種安排是所有額定容量超過幾千伏安的同步發(fā)電機的標準做法。,11/21/2020,41,順譯法例句（2）,For large motors, therefore, a phase-winding rotor is used, with the winding connected at one end to each other and at the other end to slip-rings, thus enabling the resistance of the rotor to be varied at will, providing a gre

17、ater starting torque and some speed control. 因此，對于大型電機來說，一般采用相繞組轉(zhuǎn)子，其繞線的一端互相連接，而另一端接于軸的滑環(huán)上，這樣，可隨意改變轉(zhuǎn)子的電阻，從而可提供更大的起動轉(zhuǎn)矩，并可適當控制速度。,11/21/2020,42,倒譯法,當原文結(jié)構(gòu)層次與漢語相反時，要從英語原文的后面譯起，自下而上，逆著原文的順序翻譯，稱為倒譯法。例如： The resistance of any length of a conducting wire is easily measured by finding the potential difference

18、 in volts between its ends when a known current is flowing . 已知導(dǎo)線中的電流，只要求出導(dǎo)線兩端電位差的伏特數(shù)，就不難測出任何長度的導(dǎo)線的電阻。,11/21/2020,43,倒譯法,Various machine parts can be washed very clean and will be as clean as new ones when they are treated by ultrasonics, no matter how dirty and irregularly shaped they may be. 各種機器零

19、件無論多么臟，形狀多么不規(guī)則，當它們用超聲波處理后，就可以被洗得非常干凈，甚至干凈得像新的零件一樣。,11/21/2020,44,分譯法,為了漢語表述的方便，可將原文的長句拆開來分別譯出。當長句中的主句與從句或介詞短語及分詞短語等多修飾的詞與詞之間的關(guān)系不是很密切，并且各自具有相對的獨立意義時，可分解成幾個部分或意思層，然后再按時間順序、邏輯順序有機的組合在一起，還可以增減適當?shù)脑~語以便斷句之間的銜接。例如，可添加或利用原文中的總括性詞語作為引語，而后分述各個部分；或先將某一短語和從句分出去單獨譯出，在利用總括性詞語把它和主句聯(lián)系到一起；或先譯出原文的要點，再將次要部分作為補充說名譯在后面。,

20、11/21/2020,45,Pure science has been subdivided into the physical science, which deals with the facts and relations of the physical world, and the biological science, which investigate the history and working of life on this planet. 理論科學(xué)分為自然科學(xué)和生物科學(xué)。前者研究自然界的各種事物和其相互關(guān)系，而后者則探討地球上生物的發(fā)展歷史和活動。 （先要點，再補充說明）,

21、11/21/2020,46,The reason that a neutral body is attracted by a charged body is that, although the neutral body is neutral within itself, it is not neutral with respect to the charged body, and the two bodies act as if oppositely charged when brought near each other. 雖然中性物體本身是不帶電的，但對于帶電體來說，它并非中性，當這兩個物體彼此接近時，就會產(chǎn)生極性相反的電荷作用。這就是中性物體被電體吸引的原因。 （先分述，再總結(jié)）,11/21/2020,47,樹立質(zhì)量法制觀念、提高全員質(zhì)量意識。20.12.2520.12.25Friday, December 25, 2020 人生得意須盡歡，莫使金樽空對月