【圖】(網(wǎng)貼精選)汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油、齒輪油、防凍液、制動(dòng)液常識(shí)力帆520論壇汽車(chē)之家

1、【圖】(網(wǎng)貼精選)汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)油、齒輪油、防凍液、制動(dòng)液常識(shí)力帆520論壇汽車(chē)之家automotive engine oilI. viscosity indicationThe viscosity of lubrication is more marked with SAE, and SAE is the abbreviation of American Association of Automotive Engineers. Such as SAE40, SAE50Or SAE15W-40, SAE5W-40, W said winter (winter), the numbers in fr

2、ont the smaller the oil viscosity more dilute, better liquidity, representing the available environmental temperature is low, the better the protection ability of the engine during the cold start; after W (a cross behind) figures is the machine high temperature resistance index, the bigger the bette

3、r the performance of numerical protection oil under high temperature. Higher viscosity of the engine oil on the movement of the resistance is relatively high, not only the power consumption, increase fuel consumption, but also easy to oxidation of oil, affecting cold start protection. Like SAE40, SA

4、E50, only one set of values is single - grade oil, not used in cold winters. Like SAE15W-40, SAE5W-40 so two sets of numerical values, 15 means winter, oil viscosity is 15, 40, when the summer machine is equivalent to 40 oil viscosity. This means that this kind of engine oil is advanced multi stage

5、engine oil, suitable for a wide range from low temperature to high temperature, and the viscosity value will be given full protection to the engine as the temperature changes.(SAE) applicable ambient temperature (DEG C);5W -30 degrees C10W -25 degrees C15W -20 degrees C20W -15 degrees C3030 degrees

6、C4040 degrees C5050 degrees CAdvantages of multi grade oil:1. use throughout the year to prolong engine life and reduce wear (reduce wear caused by cold start);2. improve fuel economy;3. reduce the consumption of lubricating oil;4. wear less;5. provide good low temperature lubrication;6. longer oil

7、change period;7. most heavy duty engine manufacturers recommend.The classification of oil market existing according to the SAE method, single level: there are 6 kinds of oil used in the winter, summer oil 4, multistage oil: there are 16 kinds of generic summer oil. The winter oil brands are: 0W, 5W,

8、 10W, 15W, 20W, 25W; summer oil grades were 20, 30, 40, 50; and general oil grade respectively: 5W-20, 5W-30, 5W-40, 5W-50, 10W-20, 10W-30, 10W-40, 10W-50, 15W-20, 15W-30, 15W-40, 15W-50, 20W-20 20W-30, 20W-40, 20W-50.Two, the quality of expressionSL/SJ: used for gasoline engine vehiclesCF/CG: indic

9、ates the use of diesel engine vehiclesAs follows: API is the acronym for the American Petroleum Institute, and the API level represents the level of engine oil quality. It uses simple code to describe engine oil working ability.API engine oil is divided into two categories: S, the beginning of serie

10、s represents gasoline engine oil; C at the beginning of the series represents diesel engine oil; when S and C two letters exist at the same time, it means that this oil is steam diesel general type.In S or C, the letters mean from SA to SL , and each increment of one letter will give the engine bett

11、er than the previous one, and there will be more additives used to protect the engine. The higher the quality of the letter, the higher the oil level in the international brand is above the SF level. For example, Shell extraordinary HeineKen (ShellHelix Plus) is API SL level, and Shell red HeineKen

12、Oil Helix (Shell Red Motor) is APISG, this shows that the quality of the extraordinary HeineKen is higher than the red HeineKen.Three. Basic classificationAt present, the oil in the market can be divided into two kinds of mineral oil and synthetic oil because of its different foundation. The most ex

13、pensive oils are synthetic oils.The two biggest difference is the use of synthetic oil temperature is wider, longer period of use, and the cost is high; the oil film the same requirements, synthetic oil can lower the viscosity can be reached, and mineral oil requires a strong relative to the synthet

14、ic oil viscosity to achieve such a request. In the same working environment, synthetic oil is much longer than mineral oil because of its service life, so it is not much higher than mineral oil after comparing oil change.Four 、 EFI engine oilNowadays, the proportion of EFI cars is increasing, and ma

15、ny owners are proud to have EFI vehicles. Indeed, EFI has many advantages. For example, its engine power is increased by an average of 15%-20% compared to an engine. However, its requirements for oil, especially the resistance to high oxidation and other technical indicators have become increasingly

16、 demanding.Installation of three yuan catalytic converter device EFI engine, the requirements of the oil must be strict. Install the three way catalytic converter must have two conditions, one is to carry out the unleaded gasoline, because of lead in gasoline will cause catalyst poisoning and failur

17、e; two is to install three EFI car catalytic converter must use the phosphorus content of less than 0.12% of the oil. If the phosphorus content in the oil is too high, it will lead to the catalyst failure, so that the life of the three yuan catalytic converter is shortened, and the exhaust emissions

18、 can not be reduced to the minimum. The phosphorus content in the engine oil is less than 0.12% to guarantee the normal operation of the three yuan catalytic converter. And the phosphorus content below 0.12% of the engine oil level is APISH and above grade oil. Therefore, if your car is an EFI car a

19、nd has installed a three yuan catalytic converter, it should be used when adding oilSH and above SH engine oil,Only in this way can your car run smoothly and safely.Five, the specific choice of oilDifferentiate by viscosity:Viscosity refers to the fluid (including gas and liquid) in the flow of its

20、internal friction, that is, flow resistance. For example: 1. Engine start-up when cold vehicle is affected. This will be more obvious at low temperatures, such as in the winter snow into the snow, 2OW-50 is not easy to start 5W-40. 2, increase fuel consumption. High viscosity of the engine oil resis

21、tance is also high, will make the engine internal parts of the operation of higher friction resistance, fuel consumption and increase. 3, increase engine wear at startup. The engine did not launch at a time when originally attached to the upper part of the oil will flow back into the oil pan, the up

22、per the lack of enough oil to keep the startup conditions of the engine, if the oil viscosity of concentrated flow is slow, so are more likely to wear. 4, if the oil viscosity is too strong, then the internal resistance is larger, resistance will be converted to heat, so that when the machine * * *

23、* * * * * * * * rising temperature.Depending on the temperature of the use of the environment:Almost any car factory would recommend the best oil viscosity in the owners manual. Is Porsche car factory of the worlds most critical of the oil, because it is an air-cooled engine, all rely on oil for coo

24、ling, its internal technology announcement, on each inspection (oil manufacturer) oil to a conclusion. But basically, it requires the owner to decide what kind of oil to use depending on the temperature of the environment. In Shanxi, the minimum temperature is not less than 25 degrees Celsius, the h

25、ighest has not been higher than forty degrees Celsius, in this context, generally, 5W-40 and 10W-40 is more suitable. The above is the general knowledge you must understand when selecting oil, using the temperature of the first car environment to determine the viscosity of the oil, and then to consi

26、der the use of mineral oil or synthetic oil with the budget.What kind of oil do you use for pure transportation?If the car is just a means of transportation, and you can only use it at work, 10W-40s mineral oil will be enough for you. If you want to save gas, the fully integrated 5W-40 will meet you

27、r requirements because it will flow faster and reduce the wear of the engine when you start it. Insert a sentence: 4S to QQ is used 10W-40, but not knowledge mineral oil or synthetic?What kind of oil do you like to use?The higher the engine speed, the higher the relative temperature, so you should u

28、se a little greater viscosity of the engine oil. Such as 5W-50, 10W-50 or 15W-50. But earlier, the higher the viscosity, the greater the relative resistance, the performance of the engine will weaken a little bit, so synthetic oil can make up for this shortcoming. Because synthetic oil can be used w

29、ith lower viscosity to meet the mineral oil must be high viscosity to meet the working conditions. But then you have to consider the volume of the engine itself, such as the four cylinder car under two liters, a revolution to the red line, and perhaps a little bit more oil (for example, 10W-40 relat

30、ive to 5W-40) will be more appropriate. Because the gap between the cylinder and piston ring is sealed by engine oil,High viscosity of the sealing effect of course better, more than three liters, more than six cylinder, this kind of car engine speed is usually not on the red line (of course, there a

31、re exceptions), so there is no need to pay attention to. Another way to determine viscosity is to listen to the engine valve after running for a while. If the dada sounds obvious, then you should increase the viscosity.What kind of oil should a high compression ratio engine use?Synthetic oils with h

32、igh viscosity are the only option. Such as 5W-50, 10W-50 or 15W-50. If you add the usual revolutions to the red line, the 10W-60 can be considered.Six, oil change cycleIn general terms, the engine oil change period is 5000 kilometers. Many car owners regard this as a permanent understanding. In fact

33、, each car due to engine conditions, the use of oil and the use of different environments, the reasonable cycle of oil change should also be a certain difference, can not be generalized.1. engine conditionClean the new car engine, and rarely contain carbon and other impurities, so the oil change cyc

34、le can be appropriately extended. But also should not exceed 7500 kilometers, and then good oil, after using a certain mileage, its chemical properties will change, especially in which the additives will gradually become ineffective, can not play the role of protecting the engine. The old engine, es

35、pecially the lack of maintenance of the engine, the accumulation of carbon resin more, the new engine oil is easy to be contaminated after adding, causing discoloration and change of nature, so the oil cycle should be shortened. Of course, its best to clean the engine thoroughly if you can.2. oilsTh

36、ere are two standards for the identification of oil quality: grade of quality (API) and viscosity (SAE). The quality grade is generally from SC, SD to SM, and the higher the grade, the better the quality. Modern cars, especially sedans, are mostly high speed engines, which require higher oil product

37、s. Generally speaking, SF above the level of the oil has good oxidation resistance, abrasion resistance, dispersant viscosity stability and high temperature and high shear, provide reliable protection to the engine, the quality stability constant for a long time, meet the 5000 kilometer oil cycle ca

38、n completely under normal circumstances. And some owners, mostly taxi owners, for the map to save money, use SD or even SC class oil, so it is not necessary to follow the 5000 km oil change requirements. Because of the low level of engine oil in harsh conditions of poor stability, metamorphism quick

39、ly, and easy to generate carbon deposition. From the point of view of taking care of the vehicle, if you use this type of engine oil, the oil change cycle should be shortened to 3000 km, or even shorter. Its better to use the oil recommended by the car manual, or it may not save money because of the

40、 shortening of the oil change cycle.8. environmental impactThe environment also has some influence on the machine. It is easy to speed up the deterioration of engine oil under the conditions of high temperature, extreme cold and dust. Owners should not only for the environment to choose the appropri

41、ate level, viscosity of the engine oil, but also should shorten the oil change cycle, the specific requirements as the case may be, generally to shorten the 1 / 5-1 / 3 cycle is appropriate.Many owners of the use of oil has a vague understanding, as long as it is oil, 5000 kilometers a change on the

42、 line. As we all know, improper selection of oil types, oil change cycle is not good, long-term use will have a great impact on the vehicle. The same model, some driving two or three hundred thousand kilometers are still in good condition, in addition to driving methods, the rational use of oil is a

43、lso very important point. As long as you can pay attention to summing up experience, careful comparison, scientific selection of oil and master Huanyouzhouqi, your car will be young and old.automotive gear oilI. working conditions1. gear relative to engine working conditions, its working environment

44、 is closed, the working temperature is not high, the temperature generated by the friction transmission components caused by heat, and work for a long time, or idle running, affected by the larger engine heat radiation. The AT works much higher than the MT, but generally does not exceed 100 degrees

45、(so the automatic transmission AT usually needs to be assisted by the radiator cooling system).2. 、 under great pressure. In the process of gear tooth, tooth and tooth contact between the contact line, the contact surface is small, so the tooth contact pressure parts per unit area reached 20003000Mp

46、a, and the hypoid gear relative sliding speed, contact pressure per unit area reached 30004000Mpa.Two, performance requirements1. has good abrasion resistanceWear resistance refers to the gear in the moving parts between the friction surface to form and maintain the oil film, prevent metal contact w

47、ith each other, reduce the ability to wear. The abrasion resistance of gear oil mainly depends on oil and extreme pressure (shear resistance).Oily refers to the gear oil can be adsorbed on the friction surface of the parts to form oil film to reduce friction and wear performance. Usually we say that

48、 gear oil is good in oil, that is, its strong adsorption ability, can improve the ability to wear resistance.Extreme pressure refers to the friction surface, contact pressure is very high, the oil film is prone to rupture under the extremely high pressure, lubrication conditions, to prevent friction

49、 surface sintering, scuffing and other damage performance, also known as carrying capacity.2. viscosity and viscosity temperatureGear oil, as well as engine oil, must have proper viscosity and good viscosity temperature.In general, the use of high viscosity gear oil to prevent damage to parts, reduc

50、e noise benefits, and transmission efficiency, cooling effect and the transmission of oil and other aspects, but the low viscosity gear oil is better.The viscosity temperature performance, temperature change as big oil gear oil no engine, but because of its large tooth surface pressure, viscosity te

51、mperature also requires a good performance, especially when used in cold areas. Otherwise, it will cause more wear and tear and increase oil consumption.3. oxidation stabilityThe stirring gear oil by the gear movement, and constantly contact with oxygen, forming various oxides in catalysis of metal,

52、 the gear oil viscosity increases, the color becomes dark, acid value increased, sediment increased, dark colors,And cause corrosion of the parts, resulting in gear oil resistance to foam and oxidation resistance become worse, and therefore have to replace gear oil.The oxidation stability good gear

53、oil, uses the cycle to be long. As a result, antioxidants are usually added to gear oils to improve oxidation stability.4. rust prevention and corrosion resistanceRust resistance refers to the performance of gear oil to prevent metal corrosion.Corrosion resistance refers to the performance of gear o

54、ils to prevent metal corrosion.The rusting of metal parts is mainly caused by the presence of oxygen and water in gear oil. Corrosion is caused by acids and sulfides in oil. Usually in gear oil are added anti rust additives and anti-corrosion additives to improve.5. foam resistanceGear oil in the ge

55、ar movement, stirring, will produce a lot of small bubbles. If a small bubble disappears soon, it does not affect the use. If the stable foam will no longer disappear and produce emulsification deterioration, it will overflow on the tooth surface, destroy the lubricating oil film and aggravate the w

56、ear.Three, variety and classificationAs with engine oil, it is usually classified according to service performance and viscosity.1. classification by performanceAt present, API classification is widely used in the world. It is divided into six grades, such as GL-1 GL-6, according to the bearing capa

57、city and the conditions of use of gears.2. classification by viscosityThe viscosity classification of vehicle gears in China is divided into seven grades: 70W, 75W, 80W, 85W, 90, 140, 250 and SAE.Four, the correct selectionThe ordinary vehicle general GL-3 ordinary vehicle gear oil can be, but the m

58、ost suitable for use in vehicles or more load vehicle gear oil GL-4, of course, limousines, buses and trucks with large load heavy duty vehicle gear oil GL-5.Viscosity should be taken into account when considering the temperature of the area, but also to consider abrasion resistance and transport. Generally speaking, only winter temperatures such as Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang are in our countryIn cold areas below 26 degrees, 75W oil is used in winter and 90 in summer. Other areas can use 85W -