國際商務英語教材重點句型

1、國際商務英語教材重點句型.txt看一個人的的心術，要看他的眼神；看一個人的身價，要看他的對手；看一個人的底牌，要看他的朋友。明天是世上增值最快的一塊土地，因它充滿了希望。1、國際貿(mào)易一般指不同國家的當事人進行的交易，它涉及到許多因素，因而此國內(nèi)貿(mào)易要復雜得多。International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. It involves more factors and thus is more complicated than, domestic business.2、有形貿(mào)

2、易是指將在一國生產(chǎn)或制造的商品，出口或進口到另一國消費或轉(zhuǎn)售。Visible trade refers to exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in an-other.3、外國直接投資，簡稱FDI。投資者通過控制其投資在他國的企業(yè)和資產(chǎn)獲得回報。Foreign direct investments of FDI for short is made for returns through controlling the enterprise

3、s or assets invested in a host country.4、國民生產(chǎn)總值指一個經(jīng)濟體憑借其居民擁有的資產(chǎn)和勞動力所生產(chǎn)的貨物和服務的市場價值。GNP refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.5、日本和中國是重要貿(mào)易伙伴，兩國經(jīng)濟互補，又是一衣帶水的近鄰。中日貿(mào)易關系對兩國都有重要的意義。With mutually complementary economy, Japan a

4、nd China are major trade partners, and the two countries are close neighbours separated only by a strip of water. Sino-Japanese relations are therefore of great importance to both countries.6、加拿大和美國有很長的共同邊境，而且大部分加拿大居民居住在邊境地區(qū)。加美兩佃以其富有的市場，擁有世界最大的雙邊貿(mào)易。Sharing a very long common border along which most

5、of the Canadian people live, Canade and the United States, with their respective rich market, enjoy the largest single bilateral trade in the world.7、歐盟委員會是它的執(zhí)行機構(gòu)，有20個委員會，管理23個負責不同事務的部門。Its executive body is the European Commission composed of 20 commissioners overseeing 23deaprtments in charge of d

6、ifferent affairs.8、盡管內(nèi)部存在矛盾，外部有來自非歐佩克產(chǎn)油國的競爭，但歐佩克這個占世界產(chǎn)油量40%的組織對油價的影響是世界各國無法忽視的。Despite internal contradictions and cornpetition from non-OPEC oil producing countries, the influence on oil prices by OPEC that accounts for 40% of the global oil production is something the world cannot afford to neglec

7、t.9、過去十年中，亞太經(jīng)濟合作組織越來越受到人們的關注。由于中國在其中發(fā)揮了積極的作用，中國人尤其關注這個組織。Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation(APEC) has caught more and more attention for the past decade, especially in China since the country is playing an active role it.10、廣闊的地域分布是跨國企業(yè)的一個特點，這使得它在資源和定價的決策上有很大的選擇范圍，也使它能更方便地利用世界經(jīng)濟的變化。Wide geographical

8、 spread is characteristic of MNEs. It enables them to have a wide range of options in terms of decision-makings on sourcing and pricing. They are also more able to take advantage of changes in the international economic environment.11、技術、資本和現(xiàn)成的市場是跨國企業(yè)組織帶給欠發(fā)達國家的利益?？鐕髽I(yè)被認為是促進世界和各國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的最有效的工具。Technolog

9、y, capital and ready markets are sort of benefits MNEs bring to less-developed countries. They are considered to be the most effective vehicle for the promoting of global and national economic welfare.12、按照比較學說的觀點，一國只要出口相對有優(yōu)勢的產(chǎn)品，而不是有絕對優(yōu)勢的產(chǎn)品，就可以從中受益。According to the comparative advantage, a country c

10、an benefit from trade if only it has a comparative advantage, not absolute advantage, in producing certain product.13、貿(mào)易的比較優(yōu)勢是基于比較優(yōu)勢理論，即各國生產(chǎn)相比較而言效率更高的那種特殊產(chǎn)品。更理想的是，各國集中專門生產(chǎn)它的特殊產(chǎn)品，然后再進行相互間的貿(mào)易。The advantage of trade are based on the theory of comparative advantage, where each country produces a particu

11、lar product more efficiently than another. Ideally, each country focuses re-sources on producing its specialty, and then trades with one an-other.14、總的來說，國際專門化理論尋求回答的是哪些國家將生產(chǎn)什么產(chǎn)品，以及采用什么樣的貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)。To summarize, the theory of international specialization seeks to answer the question which countries will p

12、roduce what goods, with what trade patterns among them.15、最惠國待遇并不是什么特殊待遇，而只是正常的貿(mào)易地位。受惠國只是享有被征收關稅表中最低關稅的待遇。The most-favored nation treatment is not really a special treatment but a normal trading status. The favored country is given the lowest tariffs only within the tariff schedule.16、無形貿(mào)易也被稱作服務貿(mào)易。在

13、一些發(fā)達國家，無形貿(mào)易已經(jīng)占據(jù)這些國家的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的相當份額。Invisible trade is also called service trade. In some developed countries, the invisible trade has taken quite a large share in their gross domestic production.17、買賣雙方在制定合同時，如果有理解一致的具體規(guī)則可供參照，他們就肯定簡單、可靠地確定各自的責任。If, when drawing up their contract, buyer and seller have

14、some commonly understood rules to specifically refer to, they can be sure of defining their respective responsibilities simply and safely.18、當賣方不得不提示可轉(zhuǎn)讓的運輸單據(jù)，尤其是出售貨物所常用的提單時，就會產(chǎn)生特殊麻煩。Particular problems arise when the seller has to present a negotiable transport document and notably the bill of ladin

15、g which is frequently used for the purpose of selling the goods while they are being carried.19、2000年對國際貿(mào)易術語解釋通則的修改考慮了無關稅區(qū)的發(fā)展，商務活動中電子通訊使用的增加，以及運輸方式的變化。The 2000revision of Incoterms took account of the spread of customs-free zones, the increased use of electronic communication, and the change in tran

16、sport practices.20、書面談判往往以買方詢盤開始，發(fā)生詢盤是為了了解預購貨物的有關信息，包括各種貿(mào)易條件。Written negotiations often begin with enquires made by the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered including all the terms of trade.21、雖然多數(shù)合同并不引起糾紛，但合同是依法實施的，任何一方當事人若未能履行合同義務，可能會受到起訴并被強制作出賠償。It is enforceable by law, and an

17、y party that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and forced to make competition, though most contracts do not give rise to disputes.22、雖然易貨貿(mào)易是原始、低效，并且昂貴的貿(mào)易方式，但是發(fā)展中國家巨大的債務以及世界上大量的商品過剩使其不可避免。Barter trade is a primitive, inefficient expensive way of doing business, but the massive

18、debts of developing countries and the worlds oversupply of goods make it inescapable.23、對銷貿(mào)易可幫助有嚴重債務的國家繼續(xù)進口商品而實際上向債權(quán)人掩蓋出口收入。Counter trade may help those nations, with serious debt problems to continue to import goods while ,in effect, concealing export earnings from creditors.24、在國際貿(mào)易中，由于交易當事人很難充分了解

19、彼此的財務信息和信譽狀況，很難建立相互信任。In international trade, it is very difficult for the parties to get adequate information about each others financial standing and credit worthiness, and mutual trust is hard to build.25、如果進口國的政局穩(wěn)定，而且又有出口商信任的代理人，出口商就可以采用寄售方式，待貨賣出后再收回貨款。If the importing country has a stable polit

20、ical situation and a trusted agent there to work for the exporter, the exporter can enter into consignment transactions and get payment until the goods are sold.26、在付款交單的情況下，進口商在承兌了出口商所開出的匯票后，便可得到單據(jù)，而付款則要晚于這個時間。In the case of documents against acceptance, the importer will get the documents once the

21、 bill of exchange drawn by the ex-porter is accepted, while the payment will not be made until a later date.27、賣方憑提交的正確無誤的單據(jù)得到貨款，買方憑規(guī)定的單據(jù)得到貨物，這種雙邊保證是信用證獨特的，具有代表性的特征。Against the impeccable documents presented the seller gets paid, against the stipulated documents the buyer gets the goods. This bilate

22、ral security is the unique and characteristic feature of the letter of credit.28、受益人要對信用證的所有內(nèi)容進行認真審核，以便保證安全及時地收到貨款。He beneficiary has to make a careful examination of all the con-tents of the credit so as to ensure safe and timely payment.29、國際貿(mào)易中所使用的信用證多數(shù)為跟單信用證，即要求裝運單據(jù)和匯票提示的信用證。Most of the credits

23、used in international trade are documentary credits, i.e. credits that require shipping documents to be presented together with the draft. 30、可撤銷信用證是指在未同受益人協(xié)商的情況下對承諾進行改變，甚至取消。An revocable credit is one that its commitments can be altered or even cancelled without consulting with the beneficiary.31、在

24、保兌信用證中受益人得到雙重付款保證，因為保兌銀行，在開證行承擔付款義務的基礎上又加上自己的承諾。Under a confirmed credit, the beneficiary is given double assurance of payment since the confirming bank has added its own undertaking to that of the opening bank.32、各種單證上所列的商品名稱、數(shù)量、金額等項目要嚴格地與信用證上所列的項目一致。All the items listed on different documents such

25、 as the name of commodities, quantity, amount must be in strict conformity with those in the L/C.33、商業(yè)發(fā)票是所要求的最常見的單證之一。它是繕制其他單證的基礎。Commercial invoice is one of the required and most commonly found documents. It constitutes the basis on which other documents are to be prepared.34、提單是國際貿(mào)易中最重要的單證之一。有了它，

26、合法持有者才可以到目的地提貨。Bill of lading is one of the most important documents in foreign trade ,with which the legal holder can take delivery of the goods at the port of destination.35、常見的運輸方式有水路、鐵路、公路、管道及航空運輸。The widely seen modes of transport are water, rail, roads, pipe-line, and air transport.36、運輸在生產(chǎn)過程中

27、起著重要的作用。一方面，它將原材料、勞動力運到所需的地方。另一方面，將中間產(chǎn)品運到其他廠商供生產(chǎn)使用或把制成品運到消費者手中。Transportation plays an important role in production. On the one hand ,it carries raw materials and labor to the place where they are needed. On the other hand, it transports intermediate products to other producers for use in their prod

28、uction process, or ship the finished goods to the hands of customers.37、保險單是投保人與承保人之間的保險契約。一旦投保人購買了保單，其特定風險就從投保人轉(zhuǎn)移到承保人。Insurance policy serves as the insurance contract between the insured and the insurer. Once the insured buys the policy, the specified risk will transfer to the insurance company fr

29、om the insured.38、由承保人從投保人處收集的保險費作為共同基金，受損方的索賠費從此基金中支付。The premium collected by the insurer from the insured is pooled together as a fund, and the claims of those suffering losses are paid out of this fund.39、貨物保險是一種旨在將風險從進口商和出口商轉(zhuǎn)移到專門承擔風險的保險一方的活動。Cargo insurance is an activity aimed at moving the bu

30、rden of risk from the shoulders of the exporters and importers, and placing it upon the shoulders of specialist risk-bearing underwriter.40、最大誠信原則適用于各種保險，如某人要投保人壽險，他要如實告知其身體狀況。Utmost good faith applies to all kind of insurance. If a person wants to insure against life insurance, he has to tell the i

31、nsurance company about his real state of health.41、如果投保人有意隱瞞任何事情，或故意誤導，其行為都被視為欺詐，因此保險合同無效。If the insured intends to hide or mislead anything, which will be regarded as fraud, the contract is voidable.42、在賠償保險索賠時，憑借保險合同，保險公司將使受損人的利益恢復到發(fā)生損害前的同等狀況。In compensating claims, insurance company will restore

32、the in-sured to the position he our she was in before a loss occurred.43、第一次民界大戰(zhàn)之前，金本位制建立了固定匯率制，每個國家通過將本國貨幣與黃金掛鉤來確定其貨幣的平價。Before the First World War, the gold standard created a fixed exchange rate system as each country pegged the value of its currency to gold to establish its par value.44、在特定條件下，提

33、高利率可以吸引國外短期資金，提高一國的外匯匯率。Under specific conditions, high interest rate will attract short-term international fund ,increasing the exchange rate of ones own currency.45、外匯匯率有三種形式，即：買進匯率、售出匯率和兩者的平均值中間匯率。There are three type of foreign exchange price namely: the buying rate, the selliong rate and the av

34、erage of the previous twothe medial rate. 46、國際復興開發(fā)銀行由160個國家政府所共同擁有，其貸款的主要來源是在世界資本市場上的借貸。The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is owned by the governments of 160 countries. It finances its lending operations primarily from its own borrowings in world capital market.47、世界銀行對貸款作了各項

35、規(guī)定。它明確貸款必須以生產(chǎn)力為目的，必須促進發(fā)展中國的經(jīng)濟增長，同時還要具有償還能力。The World Bank has set various rules for its loaning operation. It specifies that it must lend only for productive purposes and must stimulate economic growth in the developing countries, and at the same time the loan-receiving countries must be able to rep

36、ay the loan.48、對外直接投資是國際投資的主要方式，一國居民為進行監(jiān)控和經(jīng)營通過對外投資獲取各國的資產(chǎn)。Foreign direct investment is the major form of international in-vestment, whereby residents of one country acquire assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.49、控制成本是一些企業(yè)進行對外投資的主要動機之一。而降低生產(chǎn)成本是考慮的一個重要方面。Contro

37、lling costs is one of the major motivations for some enterprises to engage in FDI. And lowering production costs is an important consideration.50、即時庫存管理系統(tǒng)的引進能最大限度地降低庫存從而提高經(jīng)營效率。The introduction of JIT inventory management system can minimize the inventory of the stock so as to increase the efficiency

38、 of the operation.51、證券所起著兩個重要作用，它既是長期資本的融資市場，又是各類投資債券的交易市場。The Stock Exchange plays two fundamental roles: one for capital raising market, one for various investment instrument market.52、未上市的公司的股票不能在證交所或其他股票市場公開掛牌交易。The unlisted companies can not trade their securities through the listing system at

39、 the stock exchange or other stock markets.53、關貿(mào)總協(xié)定的總目標體現(xiàn)了各成員國的向往，即提高生活水平，提供充分就業(yè)，持續(xù)、穩(wěn)定地增加收入和有效需求，充分利用世界資源擴大生產(chǎn)。The GATT embodies the expectations of its member countries, that is ,to improve standards of living, full employment ,steady growing volume of real income and effective demand ,the full use

40、of the worlds resources and the expansion of production.54、烏拉圭回合和世界貿(mào)易組織的建立改變了世界貿(mào)易體系的性質(zhì)。The Uruguay Round and the establishment the WTO have shanged the character of the wold trading system.55、盡管關貿(mào)總協(xié)定是以無判別待遇為原則的，但欠發(fā)達國家仍指責關貿(mào)總協(xié)定是只考慮發(fā)達國家利益的“富人俱樂部”。Although the GATT is based on the principle of non-diffe

41、rential treatment, the less-developed countries still criticize it as a “rich men club” for the interest of the developed world.56、采用強制性的自動補償措施被看作解決發(fā)展中國家的貿(mào)易條件惡化問題的一種方案。The introduction of compulsory and automatic compensatory measures is considered as a solution to solve the problem of deteriorating

42、 terms of trade in the developing countries.57、為了促進欠發(fā)達國家的工業(yè)化進程，西方國家應開放他們的制造市場，或提供優(yōu)惠關稅政策。Western countries should open up their manufacture markets or provide preferential tariffs to facilitate the industrialization process of the less-developed countries.二、英譯漢Most companies use salesmen in the domes

43、tic market because experience has shown that a good salesman is worth the price. If it is decided to sell through an agent he should be the companys representative and sales man in the overseas target market and be regarded as an integrate part of the company. The services provided will vary, depend

44、ing on what has been agreed upon, from the most simple intermediary contract with buyers to a complete range of marketing service.From the exporters point of view, one advantage of the commercial agent is that the agents commision is usually proportional to the sales he attained. To the principals,

45、this means“no saleno cost”, it is important to keep the agent continuously informed of the principals intention.許多企業(yè)在國內(nèi)市場都在利用推銷員進行銷售。經(jīng)驗表明，花錢雇一個好的推銷員是值得的。如某一公司決定通過代理商出口，這一代理商應該是該公司在國外目標市場上的推銷員員，并被視為該公司不可分割的一部分。代理服務項目各有不同，要以協(xié)議而定，從與買主的聯(lián)駱到整個銷售服務。對出口商來說，利用代理商服務的好處在于：代理商的傭金是根據(jù)他的推銷金額按比例支付的，也就是說，“沒有銷售，就沒有費用

46、”。委托人要經(jīng)常使代理商明確了解自己的意圖，這一點很重要。 Price and pricing policy play an important role in all marketing strategy. It is worthwhile for any exporter to pay special attention to pricing before coming to grips with overseas buyers.Overseas purchasers are generally reputed to be professional, knowledgeable and p

47、ossessing solid information as a basis for their decisions. In most cases, hey are guided in their business activities by a budget which in turn is based on direct costing. This means that to them the purchase price is but one cost element among sever-al others and that the total cost does not accru

48、e until the goods have been sold to the next customer. It is therefore irrelevant to the purchasers whether they can lower the price by bargaining or, as an alternative, make the sellers take over part of their other other costs for the product. Such peripheral costs may include special packaging, p

49、rice marking.價格和定價政策在所有銷售策略中起著很重要的作用。出口商在與國外買主接觸之前特別注意定價問題是值得的。國外買主一般都被視為熟悉專業(yè)，知識面廣，掌握著其決策基礎的確切信息。在大多數(shù)情況下，他們在業(yè)務活動中都是以預算作為指導，而預算又是根據(jù)直接費用制訂的。這就是說，對他們來說買價只不過是諸多成本因素中的一個因素，直到貨物售予下一個客戶之前，總的費用不能增加。因此，是通過討價還價降低價格，還是作為替代辦法，讓賣主承擔產(chǎn)品的其他部分費用，對買主來說都沒有多大關系。這樣的邊緣費用可能有特殊包裝、價格標簽，其他標志等。The relationship between a sales

50、 person and a client is important: both parties want to feel satisfied with their deal and neither wants to feel cheated. A friendly, respectful relationship is more effective than an aggressive, competitive one.A sales person should believe that his product has certain ad-vantage over the competiti

51、on. A customer wants to be sure that he is buying a product that is good value and of high quality. No one in business is going to spend his companys money on something they dont really need(unlike consumers, who can sometimes be persuaded to by“useless” products like fur coats and solid gold watche

52、s!)銷售人員和客戶之間關系是很重要的，雙方都希望能對他們的買賣感到滿意，并且沒有一方希望感到被欺騙。一種友好的、相互尊重的關系要比一種攻擊性和競爭性的關系更有效。一個銷售人員應當相信他的產(chǎn)品在競爭能力中具有某種優(yōu)勢。一個顧客則需要相信他要買的東西是有好的價值和高品質(zhì)的。在生意中，沒有一個人會將他公司的錢花在他們并不真正需要的東西上。（不像顧客，他們有時會被說服而購買一些毛皮大衣和包金手表這樣的“無用”產(chǎn)品！）In the postwar period MNCs have acquired a global pres-ence. As one statistic indicates, for

53、most of the postwar period stocks and flows of FDI have grown faster than world income, and sometimes trade, particularly during the 1960s and since the mid-1980s. Stock measures in particular are subject to margins of error because of the difficulties with estimating their growth. Even so, it is in

54、disputable that multinationals have become major players in the world economy: apart from the 1970s and early 1980s, the turnover of the largest 500 companies has grown faster than world output. MNCs now account for the majority of the worlds exports, while sales of foreign affiliates exceed total g

55、lobal exports. Furthermore, as MNCs have grown ,there has been a significant Tran nationalization of production expressed in the emergence of global production and distribution networks.在戰(zhàn)后，多國公司獲得了全球性的發(fā)展。正如一項數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計所顯示的，在戰(zhàn)后相當?shù)囊欢螘r間內(nèi)，特別是在60年代至80年代中期，證券和外國直接投資數(shù)量按世界收入增長要快，有時甚至要快于貿(mào)易增長的數(shù)量。但需指出的是，因為在計算證券投資增長量存在困難，它的數(shù)字會存在誤差。盡管如此，毋庸置疑，多國公司已經(jīng)成為世界經(jīng)濟中的主要玩家。若拋開70年代和80年代早期的話，500家大公司的產(chǎn)值增長速度遠超過世界的總產(chǎn)值增長速度。多國公司目前的出口占據(jù)了世界出口的大多數(shù)，其在海外的分支機構(gòu)的銷售額超過了世界出口總額。而且，隨著多國公司的壯大，已經(jīng)形成了一個全球性的生產(chǎn)和分銷網(wǎng)絡生產(chǎn)多國化