C語言學(xué)生信息管理系統(tǒng)實驗報告

1、C語言課程設(shè)計學(xué)生信息管理系統(tǒng)姓名洪偉生院系計算機學(xué)院日期2015年7月5日.目錄1.2. 2.12.2第一章、 設(shè)計要求1、利用所學(xué)的知識、理論和實際結(jié)合，利用資源，采用模塊化的結(jié)構(gòu)，使用模仿修改自主設(shè)計相結(jié)合的方法，鍛煉學(xué)生綜合分析解決實際問題的編程能力；2、通過 C 語言各個函數(shù)功能來實現(xiàn)對學(xué)生信息的管理，學(xué)生信息包括學(xué)生，學(xué)號，各科成績；管理方式包括對學(xué)生信息的錄入，保存，排序，查找、修改、刪除等功能。 算法分析1、程序理論依據(jù)通過 C 語言的程序設(shè)計基礎(chǔ)的掌握，對學(xué)生成績管理系統(tǒng)進行編寫程序。首先，通過鏈表這一數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)來對學(xué)生的信息進行錄入以及操作，在其過程中，通過各個功能語句以及選

2、擇結(jié)構(gòu)，循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)等方式的結(jié)合來達到所要實現(xiàn)的程序功能。最后通過對 C 語言中對文件的操作，對已有學(xué)生成績的讀取和新建學(xué)生成績的錄入保存。.2、主要實現(xiàn)方法2.1 整體流程圖學(xué)生信息管理系統(tǒng)進入退出學(xué)學(xué)學(xué)學(xué)學(xué)學(xué)返生生生生生生回信信信信信信主息息息息息息菜錄瀏查修增刪單入覽找改加除2.2 、函數(shù)功能和函數(shù)之間的調(diào)用關(guān)系2.2.1、函數(shù)功能：void Menu_1();/主菜單void Menu_2();/二級菜單voidswap(structstudent * phead,structstudent * pback);/鏈表節(jié)點互換void Save(struct student * head);

3、/寫入磁盤void Search(struct student * head);/查找學(xué)生信息void Read(struct student * head);/顯示學(xué)生信息void Sort(struct student * head);/鏈表節(jié)點排序structstudent*Create();/學(xué)生信息手動錄入structstudent*Readpoint();/磁盤文件寫入存struct student * Modify(struct student * head);/鏈表結(jié)構(gòu)體成員修改struct student * Add(struct student * head);/鏈表節(jié)點插

4、入struct student * Delete(struct student * head);/鏈表節(jié)點刪除.2.2.2 、函數(shù)之間的調(diào)用關(guān)系：通過 switch 語句進行指令選擇：case 1:學(xué)生信息錄入調(diào)用函數(shù)Create( )、Save( ) 、Menu_1( ) 、 Menu_2( )case 2:學(xué)生信息瀏覽調(diào)用函數(shù)Readpoint( ) 、Sort( ) 、Read( ) 、Save( ) 、 Menu_1( ) 、Menu_2( )case 3:學(xué)生信息查找調(diào)用函數(shù)Search( )、Readpoint( )、 Menu_1( ) 、Menu_2( )case 4:學(xué)生信息

5、修改調(diào)用函數(shù)Modify( )、Readpoint( )、 Save( ) 、 Menu_1( ) 、Menu_2( )case 5:學(xué)生信息增加調(diào)用函數(shù)Add( ) 、 Readpoint( )、Save( ) 、Menu_1( ) 、 Menu_2( )case 6:學(xué)生信息刪除調(diào)用函數(shù)Delete( )、Readpoint( )Save( )、Menu_1( ) 、Menu_2( )case 0:返回主菜單調(diào)用函數(shù)Menu_1( )第三章、 代碼（源代碼）/*學(xué)生信息管理系統(tǒng)*/#include#include#includestruct student/定義結(jié)構(gòu)體int num;cha

6、r name24;char sex5;int Chinese;int Math;int English;struct student * next;.;void Menu_1();/主菜單void Menu_2();/二級菜單void swap(struct student * phead,struct student * pback);/鏈表節(jié)點互換void Save(struct student * head);/寫入磁盤void Search(struct student * head);/查找學(xué)生信息void Read(struct student * head);/顯示學(xué)生信息voi

7、d Sort(struct student * head);/鏈表節(jié)點排序struct student * Readpoint();/磁盤文件寫入存struct student * Create();/學(xué)生信息手動錄入struct student * Modify(struct student * head);/鏈表結(jié)構(gòu)體成員修改struct student * Add(struct student * head);/鏈表節(jié)點插入struct student * Delete(struct student * head);/鏈表節(jié)點刪除int main(void)Menu_1();return

8、 0;void Menu_1()int num;printf(tttt學(xué)生信息管理系統(tǒng) ttttn);printf(ttt 1:進入學(xué)生信息管理 n);/主菜單printf(ttt 0:退出學(xué)生信息管理 n);printf(請您輸入指令 :);scanf(%d,&num);switch(num) case 1:Menu_2(); break;.default:printf(-您已退出學(xué)生信息管理系統(tǒng)-n);break;/*-void-Menu_2()*/struct student * head;int num;printf(ttt歡迎進入 n);printf(-n);printf(ttt 1

9、:學(xué)生信息錄入 n);printf(ttt 2:學(xué)生信息瀏覽 n);printf(ttt 3:學(xué)生信息查找 n);printf(ttt 4:學(xué)生信息修改 n);/ 二級菜單printf(ttt 5:學(xué)生信息增加 n);printf(ttt 6:學(xué)生信息刪除 n);printf(ttt 0:返回主菜單 n);printf(-n);printf(請您輸入指令 :);scanf(%d,&num);switch(num)case 1:head = Create();Save(head);printf(n);printf(ttt 1:返回主菜單 n);/ 手動錄入學(xué)生數(shù)據(jù)printf(ttt 2:返回二

10、級菜單 n);printf(n);printf(請您輸入指令 :);scanf(%d,&num);switch(num)case 1:Menu_1();break;case 2:Menu_2();.break;default :printf(輸入無效，返回二級菜單!n);Menu_2();break;break;case 2:head = Readpoint();/ 寫入鏈表，返回頭指針Sort(head);printf(ttt 以學(xué)號升序排列 n); Read(head);/ 鏈表數(shù)據(jù)寫入文件Save(head);printf(n);printf(ttt 1:返回主菜單 n);printf(

11、ttt 2:返回二級菜單 n);printf(n);printf(請您輸入指令 :);scanf(%d,&num);switch(num)case 1:Menu_1();break;case 2:Menu_2();break;default :printf(輸入無效，返回二級菜單!n);Menu_2();break;break;case 3:head = Readpoint();Search(head);/ 查找學(xué)生信息.printf(n);printf(ttt 1:返回主菜單 n);printf(ttt 2:返回二級菜單 n);printf(n);printf(請您輸入指令 :);scanf

12、(%d,&num);switch(num)case 1:Menu_1();break;case 2:Menu_2();break;default :printf(輸入無效，返回二級菜單!n);Menu_2();break;break;case 4:head = Readpoint();Modify(head);/修改結(jié)構(gòu)體成員并保存到文件Save(head);printf(n);printf(ttt 1:返回主菜單 n);printf(ttt 2:返回二級菜單 n);printf(n);printf(請您輸入指令 :);scanf(%d,&num);switch(num)case 1:Menu

13、_1();break;case 2:Menu_2();break;default :printf(輸入無效，返回二級菜單!n);Menu_2();break;.break;case 5:head = Readpoint();Add(head);/ 增加學(xué)生信息并保存到文件Save(head);printf(n);printf(ttt 1:返回主菜單 n);printf(ttt 2:返回二級菜單 n);printf(n);printf(請您輸入指令 :);scanf(%d,&num);switch(num)case 1:Menu_1();break;case 2:Menu_2();break;d

14、efault :printf(輸入無效，返回二級菜單!n);Menu_2();break;break;case 6:head = Readpoint();head = Delete(head);/ 刪除學(xué)生信息并保存到文件Save(head);printf(n);printf(ttt 1:返回主菜單 n);printf(ttt 2:返回二級菜單 n);printf(n);printf(請您輸入指令 :);scanf(%d,&num);switch(num)case 1:Menu_1();break;.case 2:Menu_2();break;default :printf(輸入無效，返回二級

15、菜單!n);Menu_2();break;break;case 0: Menu_1();break;default :printf(請重新輸入 n);Menu_2();break;/*-*/struct student * Create()/ 學(xué)生信息手動錄入struct student *head,* p,* q;int n;p = q = (struct student *)malloc(sizeof(struct student);printf(請輸入學(xué)生的、學(xué)號、性別、語文成績、高等數(shù)學(xué)成績、英語成績 :n);scanf(%s,q-name);scanf(%d %s %d %d %d,

16、&q-num,&q-sex,&q-Chinese,&q-Math,&q-E nglish);n = 0;head =NULL;while (q-num != 0)n = n+1;if (n = 1)head = q;else.p-next = q;p = q;q = (struct student *)malloc(sizeof(struct student);scanf(%s,q-name);scanf(%d %s %d %d %d,&q-num,q-sex,&q-Chinese,&q-Math,&q-En glish);p-next = NULL;printf(學(xué)生信息錄入成功 !n);r

17、eturn head;/*-*/struct student * Readpoint()/ 學(xué)生信息寫入存，便于操作FILE * fp1;struct student *head,* p,* q; int n;if(fp1 = fopen(E:test.txt,rb) = NULL)printf(open file error!n);exit(0);p = q = (struct student *)malloc(sizeof(struct student);fscanf(fp1,%s %d %s %d %d %d,q-name,&q-num,q-sex,&q-Chinese ,&q-Math

18、,&q-English);n = 0;head =NULL;while( !feof(fp1)n = n+1;if (n = 1)head = q;elsep-next = q;p = q;.q = (struct student *)malloc(sizeof(struct student);fscanf(fp1,%s %d %s %d %d %d,&q-name,&q-num,&q-sex,&q-Chine se,&q-Math,&q-English);p-next = NULL;fclose(fp1);return head;/*-*/void Swap(struct student *

19、 phead, struct student * pback)/ 鏈表元素數(shù)據(jù)交換struct student * temp = (struct student *)malloc(sizeof(struct student);strcpy(temp-name,phead-name); temp-num = phead-num; strcpy(temp-sex,phead-sex); temp-Chinese = phead-Chinese; temp-Math = phead-Math; temp-English = phead-English;strcpy(phead-name,pback-

20、name);phead-num= pback-num;strcpy(phead-sex,pback-sex);phead-Chinese = pback-Chinese;phead-Math = pback-Math;phead-English = pback-English;strcpy(pback-name,temp-name);pback-num = temp-num;strcpy(pback-sex,temp-sex);pback-Chinese = temp-Chinese;pback-Math = temp-Math;pback-English = temp-English;fre

21、e(temp);./*-*/void Sort(struct student * head)/學(xué)號排序struct student * phead = (struct student *)malloc(sizeof(struct student);struct student * pback = (struct student *)malloc(sizeof(struct student);phead = head;while (phead)int Num = phead-num;pback = phead-next;while(pback)if( Num pback-num)Swap(phe

22、ad,pback);Num = phead-num;pback = pback-next;phead = phead-next;/*-*/void Read(struct student * head)/學(xué)生信息讀取struct student * p;p = head;printf(-n);printf(學(xué)生的 、 學(xué)號 、 性別 、語文成績、 高等數(shù)學(xué)成績、 英語成績 :n);while(p != NULL)printf(%st%dt%s t %d t %dtt %dn,p-name,p-num,p-sex,p-Chinese,p-Math,p-English);p = p-next;.p

23、rintf(-n);/*-*/void Save(struct student * head)/學(xué)生信息保存到文件struct student * p;FILE * fp;if(fp = fopen(E:test.txt,wb) = NULL)printf(open file error!n);exit(0);p = head;while(p !=NULL)fprintf(fp,%s %d %s %d %d %d,p-name,p-num,p-sex,p-Chinese,p -Math,p-English);fprintf(fp,%s,rn);p = p-next;fclose(fp);/*-

24、*/void Search(struct student * head)/學(xué)生信息查找int n;struct student * p;char name24;int num;char sex5;int Chinese;.int Math;int English;printf(您想以何種方式進行查找:n);printf(1;n);printf(2:學(xué)號 n);printf(3:性別 n);printf(4:語文成績 n);printf(5:數(shù)學(xué)成績 n);printf(6:英語成績 n);printf(0:返回二級菜單 n);scanf(%d,&n);switch(n)case 1:print

25、f(請輸入 :);/按查找scanf(%s,name);p = head;while(strcmp(name,p-name)!=0 & p-next != NULL)p = p-next;if(strcmp(name,p-name)=0)printf(%s %d %s %d %d %dn,p-name,p-num,p-sex,p-Chines e,p-Math,p-English);elseprintf(查無此人 !n);break;case 2:printf(請輸入學(xué)號 :);/按學(xué)號查找scanf(%d,&num);p = head;while(num != p-num & p-next

26、!= NULL)p = p-next;if(num = p-num)printf(%s %d %s %d %d %dn,p-name,p-num,p-sex,p-Chines e,p-Math,p-English);elseprintf(查無此人 !n);break;.case 3:printf(請輸入性別 :);/按性別查找scanf(%s,sex);p = head;while(p!= NULL)if(strcmp(sex,p-sex)=0)printf(%s %d %s %d %d %dn,p-name,p-num,p-sex,p-Chines e,p-Math,p-English);p

27、 = p-next;break;case 4:printf(請輸入語文成績 :);/按語文成績查找scanf(%d,&Chinese);p = head;while(p!= NULL)if(Chinese = p-Chinese)printf(%s %d %s %d %d %dn,p-name,p-num,p-sex,p-Chines e,p-Math,p-English);p = p-next;break;case 5:printf(請輸入高等數(shù)學(xué)成績 :);/按高等數(shù)學(xué)成績查找scanf(%d,&Math);p = head;while(p!= NULL)if(Math = p-Math)

28、printf(%s %d %s %d %d %dn,p-name,p-num,p-sex,p-Chines e,p-Math,p-English);p = p-next;.break;case 6:printf(請輸入英語成績 :);/按英語成績查找scanf(%d,&English);p = head;while(p!= NULL)if(English = p-English)printf(%s %d %s %d %d %dn,p-name,p-num,p-sex,p-Chines e,p-Math,p-English);p = p-next;break;default:printf(指令錯

29、誤返回二級菜單!n);Menu_2();break;/*-*/struct student * Modify(struct student * head)int n;struct student * p;char name24;int num;printf(您想以何種方式進行修改:n);printf(1;n);printf(2:學(xué)號 n);printf(0:返回二級菜單 n);scanf(%d,&n);switch(n)case 1:printf(請輸入 :);/按查找后修改信息scanf(%s,name);.p = head;while(strcmp(name,p-name)!=0 & p-

30、next != NULL)p = p-next;if(strcmp(name,p-name)=0)scanf(%s %d %s %d %d %d,p-name,&p-num,p-sex,&p-Chines e,&p-Math,&p-English);printf(修改后 :n);printf(%s %d %s %d %d %dn,p-name,p-num,p-sex,p-Chines e,p-Math,p-English);elseprintf(查無此人 !n);break;case 2:printf(請輸入學(xué)號 :);/ 按學(xué)號查找后修改信息scanf(%d,&num);p = head;w

31、hile(num != p-num & p-next != NULL)p = p-next;if(num = p-num)scanf(%s %d %s %d %d %d,p-name,&p-num,p-sex,&p-Chines e,&p-Math,&p-English);printf(修改后 :n);printf(%s %d %s %d %d %dn,p-name,p-num,p-sex,p-Chines e,p-Math,p-English);elseprintf(查無此人 !n);break;default:printf(指令錯誤 , 返回二級菜單 !n);Menu_2();break;

32、return head;struct student * Add(struct student * head)/ 增加學(xué)生信息.struct student * p,* q;/ 為增加的學(xué)生分配存struct student * add = (struct student *)malloc(sizeof(structstudent );scanf(%s %d %s %d %d %d,add-name,&add-num,add-sex,&add-Chin ese,&add-Math,&add-English);q = head;if(head = NULL)head = add;/空表插入add-next = NULL;elsewhile(add-num q-num) & (q-next != NULL)/指向下個節(jié)點p =