2021高考英語專題第三講詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(構(gòu)詞法

1、第三講詞性轉(zhuǎn)換（構(gòu)詞法）118悟需考明確考向練負題，明考同，高效調(diào)關(guān)r語法填空【典題試做】1. (2019 全國卷 I )lt is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much ofthe range has bee n poorly(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20，000 25, 000 polar bears worldwide.2. (2019 全國卷 I )ln recent years so

2、me Inuit people in Nun avut have reported in creases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief(believe) that populations are in creas ing.3. (2019 全國卷 n )Her years of hard work have finally(fi nal) bee n ack no wledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire Woman Of T

3、he Year.4. (2019 全國卷 n )We are so proud of her.It wonderful(wonder).5. (2019全國卷 in )When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting competition(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.6. (2019全國卷 n )They also shared with us many tradition

4、al(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were hugely(huge) popular with tourists.7. (2018 全國卷 I ) Running is cheap, easy and it s always energetic(energy).8. (2018 全國卷 n )A taste for meat is actually(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chicke ns, pigs, and cattle.

5、9. (2018 全國卷 n )According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total global(globe) fertilizer con sumpti on.10. (2018全國卷 n )I nascientist(scie nee) who studies ani mals such as apes and mon keys.11. (2017 全國卷 n )This development was only possible with the introduction(introduce)

6、 of electric- powered engines and lifts.12. (2017 全國卷n )The Central London Railway was one of the most successful(success) of these new lin es, and was ope ned in 1900.1. 給出其他詞性形式（通常為動詞、形容詞）提示詞，填寫名詞；2. 考查形容詞和副詞之間的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。短文改錯【典題試做】1. （2019 全國卷 I ）To every one sispris ing, the ball went into the n et. s

7、urprising t surprise2. （2019全國卷 n ）What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one.ordinarilyordinary3. （2018 全國卷 I ）1 felt happily that their life had improved. happily f happy4. （2018全國卷 川）Immediate, I raised my hand. Immediate f Immediately1. 名詞與其他詞性的誤用；2. 形容詞與副詞之間的誤用。一.考點突破針對提能

8、二明垮點，攻甫難，肓效捉升r考點一動詞、形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞1.動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞后綴例詞-ion /-ti on/-si on/-ati onexpectf expectati on期望correct f correcti on改正attractf attractio n吸弓丨discussf discussi on 討論；辯論 特殊：expla in f expla natio n解釋admit f admissi on 接納； 準(zhǔn)許入學(xué) competef competiti on比賽，競爭pronounce f pronun ciati on發(fā)音describef descripti on 扌苗

9、寫 decidef decisi on決定celebratef celebrati on 慶祝；慶祝會 con clude f con clusi on 結(jié)論 invite f invitation邀請graduatef graduati on 畢業(yè)-er/-orreadf reader讀者drive f driver 司機；駕駛員 announ cef announcer 廣播員con duct t con ductor 指揮；售票員-me ntpunish t puni shme nt懲罰achieve achieveme nt 功績；成就 treatT treatme nt 對待； 治療

10、 equip t equipme nt 裝備； 設(shè)備 gover n t gover nment 政府 特殊：argueT argume nt 辯論； 論據(jù)-an ce/-e neeappearr appeara nee出現(xiàn)； 外貌perform t performa nee 表演； 節(jié)目 exist t existe nee 存在；生存 prefer t prefere nee 偏愛 refer t refere nee 參考； 查閱 特殊：guider guida nee 指弓丨；指導(dǎo)-ingbegi n t begi nning開始-ure/-turefail tfailure失??；倒閉

11、pressT pressure 壓力departr departure 離開；出發(fā)mix t mixture 混合；混合物特殊：exposer exposure 暴露-yrecover t recovery恢復(fù)； 痊愈discover t discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)其他chooser choice選擇vary t variety多樣化；種類tendf tendency 趨向；趨勢2形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞后綴例詞-ageshorts shortage不足；短缺-cyaccurate accuracy準(zhǔn)確性private privacy 隱私； 私密 efficie ntefficie ncy 效率；功效f

12、lue nt t flue ncy流利；流暢-domfree freedom自由；自主特殊：wiseTwisdom 明智；智慧boredT boredom 厭煩-en ce/-a neediffere nt t differe nee差異sile nt t sile nee沉默patie nt t patie nee 耐心、 absenT absenee 缺席 presentT presenee 出席 con fide nt t con fide nee 信心、 convenient t convenience 便利 importa nt t importa nee 重要-n essweakT

13、 weak ness虛弱； 弱點kind t kindn ess 仁慈；好意 carelessr carelessness 粗心大意-thwarm 宀 warmth溫暖； 熱情特殊：stro ngi stre ngth 力氣；強項 dee depth 深度long t len gth 長度wide t width 寬度_y/-ty/-ityhon estT hon esty誠實difficult t difficulty困難safer safety 安全 cruel t cruelty 殘酷；殘暴 特殊：respon sibler respon sibility責(zé)任disabler disab

14、ility無能；傷殘老點二名詞、動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞后綴例詞-ableacceptr acceptable可接受的comfort t comfortable 舒適的 fashi onr fashi on able 時髦的 suit t suitable 合適的reasorr reason able 有道理的-almusic t musical音樂的origin t original最初的personr personal 個人的； 私人的 centerr central中央的；中心的n aturer n atural自然的；天生的續(xù)表后綴例詞-fuldoubt t doubtful懷疑的forget

15、 t forgetful健忘的harm t harmful 有害的hopeT hopeful 有希望的 peacer peaceful 禾口平的-edscarer scared感到恐懼的con fuser con fused 感到困惑的un derli ne r un derli ned 加下劃線的-ingsurprise r surpris ing令人驚異的convince r convincing 令人信服的 satisfy r satisfy ing令人滿意的-ibleaccess accessible容易取得的horror r horrible可怕的；恐怖的terror r terri

16、ble 可怕的-iveactr active積極的；活躍的effect r effective有效的；生效的attractr attractive有吸引力的impressr impressive給人深刻印象的-ouscon ti nue r con ti nu ous不斷的；持續(xù)的an xiety r an xious 憂慮的caution r cautious 十分小心的；謹慎的 curiosity r curious 好奇的 humor r humorous 幽默的-sometire r tiresome令人厭倦的trouble r troublesome 麻煩的-ytaster tast

17、y美味的；可口的health t healthy 健康的wealth t wealthy 富裕的；豐富的-erneasT easter nwest t western東方的；向東的西方的；向西的child t childish孩子氣的-ishfool t foolish愚蠢的；可笑的self t selfish 自私的名師點津-ed形容詞多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)，意為“感到的”，通常修飾人；-ing形容詞多表示主語所具有的特征，意為“令人的”，通常修飾事或物?？键c三形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞的規(guī)律類別例詞直接加-lyclearT clearly 清楚地 greatT greatly 很，大大地以輔音字母加-

18、y結(jié)尾的形容詞，變 y為i再加-lyhappyT happily 咼興地heavyT heavily 沉重地詞尾為-ble/-le的形容詞，去掉 e,再加-yterrible t terribly可怕地；極度地gen tleT gen tly 輕輕地詞尾為-ue的形容詞，去掉e再加-lytrueT truly真實地詞尾為-ll的形容詞，直接加-yfull t fully充分地；完全地dull t dully 遲鈍地詞尾為-ic的形容詞，加-allybasicT basically 主要地；基本上 scientific t scientifically 合乎科學(xué)地名師點津注意以下形容詞變副詞的拼

19、寫：wholetwholly 完 全地；shyshyly害羞地；drytdryly/drily 干燥地。 解題指導(dǎo)觸類旁il尋方sx,求弟拿握“査路”*厘清兩種情況，突破詞性轉(zhuǎn)換一、從句法功能上看，厘清“修飾與被修飾”i 名詞在句中作賓語，放在冠詞、形容詞或形容詞性物主代詞之后。例 1 （2017 全國卷 川）She is determined to carry on with her（educate）.分析education前面有形容詞性物主代詞her,此處應(yīng)該使用動詞educate的名詞形式education作賓語。例 2 （全國卷 川）Some people think that the

20、 great Chinese scholar Confucius, who livedfrom roughly 551 to 479 B . C., influeneed the（develop） of chopsticks.分析development 根據(jù)空前面的the和空后面的of可知，此處需用名詞。2. 形容詞在句中作定語，常放在名詞之前。例 3 （2017 全國卷 I ）It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle ofthe road.分析suddenly tsudden此處需要用形容詞修飾后面的名詞

21、stop，表示“突然的停止”。3. 形容詞在句中作表語，常放在 be, get, become, rema in等系動詞后。例4（全國卷 川）At one time, I even felt my parents couldn t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.分析freely tfree 此處需要用形容詞作表語。be free from them擺脫他們。4. 形容詞在句中作賓語補足語，之前常有使役動詞、感官動詞或介詞with加名詞或代?詞。例 5 As I walked, I looked up, trying t

22、o realize what made this day so（beauty）.分析beautiful 使役動詞make之后跟復(fù)合賓語，用形容詞作賓語補足語。5. 副詞在句中修飾動詞。例 6 （全國卷 I ）The title will be（official） given to me at a ceremony inLondon.分析officially 此處表示（大使）這個頭銜將在倫敦的一個儀式上正式授予給我，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，應(yīng)該使用副詞 officially作狀語修飾謂語動詞be given。6. 副詞在句中修飾形容詞或其他副詞。例 7（全國卷 n ）Dad and I were te

23、rrible worried.分析terrible terribly 此處應(yīng)用副詞 terribly修飾形容詞 worried。7副詞用在句首，修飾整個句子，表示狀態(tài)、原因等。例 8（廣 東卷）（lucky）, he also had a cow which produced milk every day.分析Luckily此處為副詞用于句首，表示狀態(tài)。&要特別注意有使役用法的動詞的分詞形式用作形容詞時的區(qū)別。如amazed常修飾人的內(nèi)心感受，表示“吃驚的”；amazing常修飾事物，表示“令人吃驚的”。例 9（全國卷 n ）There were many people waiting at

24、the bus stop, and some of themlooked very anxious and（disappoint）.分析disappointed空處和前面的 anxious并列，表示人的內(nèi)心活動，應(yīng)使用-ed形式的形容詞，此處表示“他們中有些人看起來既焦慮又失望”。二、從“詞性”變化上看，厘清“詞形”的變化特點詞形變化是重點，注意特殊的變化：以-e結(jié)尾的形容詞變副詞，切記true需把e去掉加-ly ;以-ble，-ple結(jié)尾的形容詞都是去e加-y。另外需注意形副同形詞。例 10（全國卷 I ）ln stead , he hopes that his bus in ess wil

25、l growsteady.分析steadysteadily謂語動詞grow是不及物動詞，意為“增長，增強”，此處應(yīng)該使用副詞steadily作狀語修飾grow。 grow steadily意為“穩(wěn)定地增長”。例 11（全國卷 n ）Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we takeshort breaks（regular）.分析regularly此處需要用副詞修飾謂語動詞短語take short breaks o例 12（陜西卷）My uncles immediate jumped up and shot

26、 their arrows at thebird.分析immediate immediately此處修飾jumped up，故用副詞形式。J跟蹤檢測遷移應(yīng)用練摸擁練規(guī)吃，夯基促能I 單句語法填空1. （2020 張家口、滄州一模）Known as Golden Pebble Beach, Jinshitan is famous for its beautiful natural（n ature） seen ery.2. （2020 云南高中統(tǒng)一檢測 ）The ticket prices for China high- speed trains are reason able and, on m

27、ost routes, the frequency of departure is very high, so people can buy tickets conveniently（convenient）.3. （2020 呼倫貝爾一模）lf we are satisfied（satisfy） with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really lear ning the Ian guage.4 . （2020 張家口、滄 州一模）Over the years, Dalian s Jinpu New District has

28、successfully（success） held a number of special tourism festivals with its rich culture and tourism resources.5. （2020 湖北八市聯(lián)考）All the in frastructure for 100 in door and outdoor garde ns at the exhibiti on will be fini shed completely（complete） at the end of March.6. （2020 陜西渭南中學(xué)質(zhì)檢 ）Surprisingly（surp

29、rise）, Sally was not driven out like the former teachers; in stead, she won respect from the stude nts.7. （2020 浙江建德期末 ）She said the last vice-monitor, Joey, had been very rude and unkin d（k ind） to her.8. （2020 浙江杭高分校模擬）Exploration（s）（explore） of the Moon did continue after the astr on auts left, b

30、ut by robots in stead of people.9. （2020 北京東城二模 ）However, for the majority western（west） people, university means freedom from home.10. （2020 德州夏津一中月考 ）“We are now thinking about development, allowing the paintings to be more creative（create） , ” he said.n .單句改錯1. （2020 貴陽一中月考 ）Just recently, a loca

31、l woman Sarah Darling accidental dropped her engagement ring into his cup while she was giving him some change. accidentaiaccidentally2 .（2020 云南高 中統(tǒng)一檢測）We felt happily to have do ne our part for theenvironment.happilyhappy3. （2020 綿陽診斷 ）At this very moment, my parents came back and were quite surpr

32、ised to see all the rooms tidily and floors shining, tidily tidy4. （2020 鄭州一中階段檢測 ）During the day, you can walk or sit on a boat to enjoy thenatural scenery along the stream.The scene at night is attractively as well.attractivelyattractive5. （2020 廣東五校協(xié)作體聯(lián)考 ）ln addition, the Internet makes surveying

33、 and voting easy and convenien ce, regardless of time and space. convenience convenient6. I will be fully occupied in preparing for an importance lecture coming the day after tomorrow. importance f important7. Taking an active part in various voluntary activities can also be of great beneficial. ben

34、eficial f benefit8. Passing through several streets, we saw no one but only rubbish here and there.An hour later, I still couldn t bear to keep my eyes widely open. widely f wide9. However, my favourite subject is music, especially classical music which often makes myheart peacefully.peacefully peac

35、eful10. I knew it was going to be hard to find another job in the competition petitioncompetitive|高考題型綜合練I .語法填空(2020山西百日沖刺考試)The Truth About WhiskyWhisky is probably 1.the most famous product of Scotland.Whisky making provides work2. for several thousa nd people in the Scottish Hig

36、hla nds and isla nds.Whisky is Scotla nd iggest goods 3.sold(sell) to every corner of the world.The qualities of whisky come from the water which 4.is_used(use) to make it the rich “ peaty多泥炭的)water of Scotland.When whisky is first made, it is 5.actually(actual) clear, not brow n in colour.The colou

37、r comes from the woode n 6.containers(co ntainer) in which the whisky is stored for several years to allow it 7.t_mature(mature) from a little added sugar.For many years, whisky has been one of the most popular drinks all over the world, and Scotland 8.has produced(produce) more and more of it so fa

38、r.But whisky sales have not in creased as fast, so there are now large reserves of whisky in Scotla nd, especially the better and 9.more(much) expensive whisky.So a lot of the whisky sold today was made several years ago whe n people thought that whisky would get more and more popular.That is 10.why,_today, a lot of whis