觀廟高中英語語法學(xué)案五 動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

1、Pain past is pleasure .(過去的痛苦就是快樂。)觀廟高中英語語法學(xué)案五 動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) Guolei 2013-9-11【考點(diǎn)透視】動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是歷年高考的重點(diǎn)，而且測試的難度也在逐年加大。在單項(xiàng)填空題中，每年考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)的題不少于兩道，動詞的語態(tài)常和時(shí)態(tài)放在一起考查。高考命題者常從三個(gè)角度進(jìn)行命題：一是直接給定時(shí)間狀語?？忌苤苯痈鶕?jù)所給時(shí)間狀語作出選擇；二是給定時(shí)間狀語，但所給時(shí)間狀語有著較強(qiáng)的干擾性和迷惑性，考生不能直接根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語作出選擇；三是題干中不提供任何時(shí)間狀語，而給出一個(gè)上下文情景或一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜的句子，考生必須仔細(xì)分析語境，才能作出正確判斷。教學(xué)

2、目標(biāo)：了解幾種?？紩r(shí)態(tài)的基本用法，并能夠在真實(shí)的情景中靈活使用各種時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行日常交際。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、將來完成時(shí)的基本用法。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：1. 搞清楚幾組動詞時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別。2. 各種時(shí)態(tài)以及含情態(tài)動詞的被動形式和應(yīng)用。動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)動詞的時(shí)態(tài)在主動語態(tài)中，高中英語中常見的有12種時(shí)態(tài)。各種時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動詞的一般形式見下表：一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在過去將來/一. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：1. 表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣，經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)：Every evening, after supper,

3、 he sits down with a cup of coffee before the television.Each person needs water and a diet of healthy food. 2. 表示真理，事實(shí)或自然規(guī)律：The earth moves round the sun in 365 days.The moon travels round the earth once every month. 3.表示知覺、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象的關(guān)系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、li

4、ke、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如：I know what you mean. Smith owns a car and a house.4.表示按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃、安排或時(shí)間表將要發(fā)生的情況： come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等When does the train leave? The time form Liverpool arrives at 11: 15.在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來的概念。引起時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞有：when, after, b

5、efore, until, as soon as；引起條件狀語從句的連詞有：if, unless; so (as) long as。I will not stop my fight against slavery until all slaves are free. 但要注意由if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示時(shí)態(tài)。If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并參加我們的舞會，我的家人會非常高興。二. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：1. 表示

6、說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動作：Tom, Im speaking to you. Are you listening? 2. 表示目前這個(gè)階段正在進(jìn)行著的動作：The population of the world is increasing rapidly.3. 表示說話人厭惡、批評，不喜歡等感情色彩，常與always，constantly, forever等連用：She is always leaving things about.They also have bad teeth, because of the sugar which they are always eating. 4. 表示近期即

7、將發(fā)生的動作：They are leaving for Tibet next Monday.注：狀態(tài)性動詞不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(1) be和have或者含有be 和have意義的動詞。(2) feel, sound, smell, taste等連系動詞。(3) hear, see, find等表示結(jié)果的動詞。(4) like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need等表示心理或情感狀態(tài)的動詞。注：進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的兩種概念現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)都具有兩種不同的時(shí)間概念：瞬間概念和階段概念。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的瞬間

8、概念就是“說話的時(shí)候”。表示瞬間概念時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)態(tài)特點(diǎn)是，動作已經(jīng)開始，正在過程中，但尚未結(jié)束。Our country is getting stronger and stronger.Im getting on well with my English.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的瞬間概念通常用表示“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”的時(shí)間狀語表達(dá)出來。I was doing my homework this time yesterday.Mother was cooking when I came home.階段概念的時(shí)間狀語是“段時(shí)間”，表示在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在做的動作，至于動作是否結(jié)束則不是說話者所關(guān)心的。He is wr

9、iting a new novel these days.（沒有干其他的事情）The workers were building a bridge last year.三. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：1. 表示過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的狀況或完成的動作，通常與yet, already, by this time, just, ever, never, now, before, several times, since, up to now, so far, recently, lately, for a long time, in the last / past few years等連用：It has raine

10、d every day so far this month.Mr. Ball has just called on Mrs. Zhu to give her a message. 2. 表示已有的經(jīng)歷，往往強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果：Who has taken my camera? I put it here a moment ago.3. 在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中代替將來完成時(shí)：Dont go out until you have washed your clothes.Please give the book to Lily if you have finished reading

11、 it.4.下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)It is (has been) + 一段時(shí)間 + since從句This(That / It)is the first(second)time that + 完成時(shí)This(That / It)is the only + that + 完成時(shí)This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting + that 從句 + 完成時(shí)四. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)： 表示由過去開始，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且可能還會繼續(xù)進(jìn)行的動作。一般可以翻譯成“一直?！?，常與the whole day, all morning或for和since

12、連用：People have been talking of it a lot recently. Pippas parents have been waiting for them. The soldiers have been struggling against the flood day and night for a week.五. 一般過去時(shí)：1. 表示在過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, ago, in 1989, at that time等連用

13、：When and where did you shoot that bear? The interview went well and I told the company about my experiences and answered their questions as honestly as I could. 2. 表示過去的習(xí)慣性動作、過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的事：In those days he took his wife and children to the cinema at least once a week.3. 句中沒有時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，可依據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行推測：Havent you g

14、raduated from college?Yes, I studied French for two years.4.表示兩個(gè)緊接著發(fā)生的動作，常由以下詞語連接，用一般過去時(shí)。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.He bought a watch but lost it.常用一般過去時(shí)的句型：Why didnt you / I think of that? I didnt no

15、tice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before. I didnt recognize him.六過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：1. 表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動作或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生： She was flying to Paris this time last Monday.2. 表示過去某個(gè)動作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一個(gè)動作（突然）發(fā)生，其中一個(gè)在由when或while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中：We were playing football when it began to rain.當(dāng)我們正在踢球的時(shí)候，突然下起了雨。七

16、. 過去完成時(shí)：1. 表示在過去某一活動以前已經(jīng)完成了的動作。簡單地說，過去完成時(shí)所表示的時(shí)間就是“過去的過去”，常與for, since, already, after, never, before, by the time等連用：The performance had started before we found our seats.She had typed all the letters by the time her boss arrived at the office.2.表示動作或某事繼續(xù)到過去某時(shí)已有一段時(shí)間：He had been ill for a week when h

17、e was sent to the hospital.By the end of last year, she had taught in this school for 30 years.3. 表示過去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望或計(jì)劃，常與hope, expect, suppose, mean, think, want等連用：She had thought of paying us a visit, but the bad weather made her change her plans.“時(shí)間名詞 + before”在句子中作狀語，謂語動詞用過去完成時(shí)；“時(shí)間名詞 + ago”在句中作狀語，謂語動詞用

18、一般過去式。如：He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.表示“一就”的幾個(gè)句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主語 + 過去分詞 + when / than / before + 一般過去時(shí)。如：We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.八過去完

19、成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示從過去某時(shí)起持續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動作，可能剛剛終止，也可能繼續(xù)下去。與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)用法相似，只是以過去時(shí)間為著眼點(diǎn)。He had been working there for three years before he moved to London. 九過去將來時(shí)：表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)候?qū)⒁l(fā)生的事或計(jì)劃、打算要做的事。He told me that his father was in hospital and that he would go to see him after work.They explained that they would build a dam to c

20、ontrol flood.十一般將來時(shí)：1.表示預(yù)見或說話人說話的時(shí)刻才考慮到的，還可以表示客觀規(guī)律必然發(fā)生的事情：There will be a new movie shown at the Globe Cinema tonight.Go through the gate and you will find the entrance to Bear Country on the other side. Lets go together then. I will meet you at the theatre at six-thirty. 注：如果不是表示將來的時(shí)間，而是表示“意愿、堅(jiān)持、推論

21、”等，will也可用于條件句。If you will learn English , Ill help you .你若愿意學(xué)習(xí)英語，我將幫助你。If you will kindly wait a moment , Ill ask him to go there with you .你若耐心等一會的話，我將叫他和你一起去那兒。如果條件從句表示將來發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，主句中常用will，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示。If you go to England, you will like the food there .2.be going to do表示按照計(jì)劃，打算或安排要做的事，主語是人；表示已經(jīng)有跡象

22、將要發(fā)生的事，主語是物：Im going to stay here until tomorrow night.Look at these black clouds . Its going to rain . Im afraid Im going to have a bad cold.注：一般來說，“意圖”是事先經(jīng)過考慮的，用be going to表示；反之則用will。will還多用于對話中，即一方聽了對方的話后所作出的反應(yīng)。A. Theyre going to meet at the school gate . B. Please bring me a cup of tea . Ill do

23、 it in a minute . 3. be動詞和come, leave, reach, return, go, start out, meet, open, die, arrive等瞬間動作表示“來去”“出發(fā)”“到達(dá)”等的詞語和表示未來的時(shí)間副詞連用，表示近期將發(fā)生的動作：When will they leave? They are leaving very soon. Aunt Lucy is returning home from New Zealand next week.Is anybody seeing you off? 4. be about to表示馬上發(fā)生，“就要”，“即將

24、”，不能和at once, immediately和具體時(shí)間的詞語連用，常用于be about to do , when：The plane is about to take off when the police received a phone call, saying that a bomb might have been planted on it.5. be to do表示按照計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動作，或表示職責(zé)、意圖、約定、可能性等，還可以表示轉(zhuǎn)述第三者的話，與第二人稱連用：You are to be back by 11 oclock . We are to meet at th

25、e zoo. Is he studying for an examination?Yes, hes to take it next week.十一將來進(jìn)行時(shí)：1. 表示將來某一時(shí)刻進(jìn)行的動作或某一時(shí)段內(nèi)持續(xù)的動作：Daniels family will be enjoying their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.2. 表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的動作，但這個(gè)動作會持續(xù)到將來：Paul is still in the lab. I think that he will be doing the experiment until tomorrow mor

26、ning.3. 表示將來自然而然會發(fā)生的事，而非安排：The weather report says that it will be snowing when we arrive in Wuxi City tomorrow afternoon.4. 表示委婉地或有禮貌地詢問，請求對方或別人計(jì)劃要做的事：Will you be playing basketball this weekend? If you will, could I join you?十二將來完成時(shí)：1. 表示在將來某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動作，往往對將來某一時(shí)間產(chǎn)生影響，經(jīng)常與before+將來時(shí)間或by+將來時(shí)間連用

27、，也可與before或by the time引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在時(shí)的從句連用：By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term.By the time he graduates from the college, he will have learned three foreign languages.2. 表示推測，相當(dāng)于must have done：You will have heard of

28、this, I guess.I am sure he will have got the information.【相關(guān)知識及運(yùn)用】1. 一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：上述三個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)在使用中容易混淆是因?yàn)樗麄冇邢嘟牡胤?，這個(gè)相近之處就是“過去”。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的概念都同“過去”有關(guān)，彼此之間的混淆便由此產(chǎn)生。只有抓住他們的不同，才能熟練地將這三種時(shí)態(tài)區(qū)別開。一般過去時(shí)只用以陳述過去發(fā)生過的事情。In a poor district in Paris, in the year 1775, there was a wine shop, the owner of which wa

29、s Monsieur Defarge. 向讀者陳述1775年所發(fā)生的故事的地點(diǎn)、人物等有關(guān)信息?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表達(dá)的動作雖然發(fā)生在過去，但說話時(shí)要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這個(gè)過去的動作與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，語意的重心著眼于現(xiàn)在。這種過去的動作同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系有兩種情況：a)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在仍具有影響。-Would you go to see the film with me this evening?-Sorry, I have seen it before.have seen the film的動作肯定發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在的影響是“我不想和你去看了”。b)過去的動作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。表示這種延續(xù)時(shí)經(jīng)常會用到for、since一類時(shí)

30、間狀語。I have worked in Beijing since I graduated from the university. (從畢業(yè)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在)We have lived in Beijing for about 20 years. (20年前發(fā)生的 “l(fā)ive”，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在)過去完成時(shí)必須有一個(gè)過去的動作作為參照點(diǎn)，由此發(fā)生了同一般過去時(shí)混淆的問題。過去完成時(shí)是一種相對的時(shí)態(tài)，它必須有一個(gè)過去的動作為參照，比這個(gè)過去的參照動作更早的動作才能用過去完成時(shí)。如果沒有這個(gè)過去的參照的動作，就沒有過去完成時(shí)，即使是一億年前的動作也是一般過去時(shí)。When I got to the

31、cinema, the film had begun.got to the cinema是過去的動作，had begun則發(fā)生在got to the cinema 之前。注：某些固定句型中的固定時(shí)態(tài)This / That / It is the first time +從句（ ）Its / has been +一段時(shí)間+since從句（ ）Hardly / No sooner had sb. done when / than +從句（ ）It will be +一段時(shí)間+before從句（ ）It was +一段時(shí)間+before從句（ ）Its time+從句（ 或 ）would rathe

32、r+從句（ / ）2. 一般過去時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動作的未完成性、持續(xù)性，著眼于動作的過程；一般過去時(shí)表示動作的完成，即動作發(fā)生過，且已結(jié)束，著眼于結(jié)果。She was writing a report last night and I dont know if she has finished it.(表示昨晚一直在寫)She wrote a report last night.（表示昨晚寫了，并且寫好了）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與always, forever等詞連用表示一定的感情色彩。 He was always throwing things about. (表示不滿或討厭)注：時(shí)

33、態(tài)的呼應(yīng)在復(fù)合句，從句（主要是賓語從句）中的時(shí)態(tài)，常受主句謂語動詞的影響，這就叫做時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)，時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)一般有如下的情況。1. 如果主句的謂語動詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，其從句中的謂語動詞應(yīng)該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)態(tài)，She knows you have been in Beijing for five rears.2. 如果主句中的謂語動詞為過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句中的謂語動詞就要用過去時(shí)態(tài)，但要注意到下列情況：如果從句中的謂語動詞所表示的動作與主句中的謂語動詞所表示的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生，從句中須用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。She said she was busy then. 如果從句中的謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在主句謂

34、語動詞所表示的動作之前，從句中須用過去完成時(shí)。I didnt know that she had been to London twice. 如果從句中的謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞所表示的動作之后，從句須用過去將來時(shí)。They didnt know when they would have a rest. 如果從句中說明的是一種普遍真理現(xiàn)象，雖然主句的謂語動詞為過去時(shí)態(tài)從句中仍要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。When I was a little child, my father told me that the earth is round. 如果從句中有表示具體過去時(shí)間的狀語，雖然其謂語動詞所

35、表示的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，從句仍用一般過去時(shí)；但如果該狀語表示的時(shí)間不具體，則從句仍要用過去完成時(shí)。Tome said he was born in 1975.動詞的語態(tài)語態(tài)是表示主語、謂語和賓語之間相互關(guān)系的動詞形式。在英語中有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)之分。主動語態(tài)所表達(dá)的主、謂、賓之間的關(guān)系是：主語發(fā)出或執(zhí)行謂語動作，謂語動作的對象或承受者為賓語。即主語同謂語具有語意上的邏輯關(guān)系，謂語同賓語具有語意上的邏輯關(guān)系。被動語態(tài)所表達(dá)的關(guān)系是：動作的承受者做句子的主語，這時(shí)句子的主語和謂語之間具有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。被動語態(tài)的基本形式：助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞 / be + 過去分詞口語只

36、也有用get / become + 過去分詞表示。被動語態(tài)的基本用法：不知道或沒必要提到動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時(shí)用被動語態(tài)。強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動作的承受者常用被動語態(tài)（by短語有時(shí)可以省略）在被動語態(tài)中，各種時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動詞的一般形式見下表：一般進(jìn)行完成現(xiàn)在過去將來（1）使用被動語態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題。主動變化被動時(shí)雙賓語的變化?？聪铝欣?。My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.I was given an inte

37、resting book (by my friend)on my birthday.主動變被動時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)（位置不變）；（作補(bǔ)語的）不定式前需加to。The boss made him work all day long.He was made to work all day long(by the boss)短語動詞變被動語態(tài)時(shí)，勿要掉“尾巴”。The children were taken good care of (by her).Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.情態(tài)動詞和be going to、b

38、e to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動語態(tài)，只需將它們后面的動詞原形變?yōu)閎e +過去分詞。當(dāng)句子的謂語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時(shí)，被動語態(tài)有兩種形式：（A）謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)，動詞不定式作主補(bǔ)。（B）用it作形式主語，真正的主語在后面用主語在后面用主語從句來表示。如：People say he is a smart boy.It is said that he is a smart boy.He is said to be a smart boy.Peop

39、le know paper was made in China first.It is known that paper was made in China first.Paper was known to be made in China first.類似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that （2）不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況。所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)之中如come up, run out（用完）, give out（耗盡）, go out（熄滅）, come out（出版）

40、, come to light, belong to, break out, lose heart, die out, own, have, possess, happen, occur等。表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。表示歸屬的動詞，如have、own、belong to等。表示“希望、意圖”的動詞，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)，不能用被動語態(tài)。賓語是同源賓語，不定式、動名

41、詞等謂語動詞不用被動語態(tài)。有些動詞以其主動形式表示被動意義，特別是當(dāng)主語是物時(shí)，常見的動詞有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。（3）主動形式表被動意義。當(dāng)feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容詞時(shí)；當(dāng)cut、read、sell、wear、write等詞與well, smoothly, easily等連用時(shí)，說明主語內(nèi)在的“性能”“特點(diǎn)”，用主動代替被動；當(dāng)動詞表示“開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動”等意義時(shí)。This kind of cloth washes easily.這種布易洗These novels wont sell well.這些小說不暢

42、銷。My pen writes smoothly.我的鋼筆寫起來很流暢。The door wont lock.門鎖不上。The fish smells good.魚聞起來香。當(dāng)break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動詞表示“發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時(shí)。The plan worked out successfully. The lamps on the wall turn off.want, require, need后面的動名詞用主動表示被動含義。be worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義。在“be + 形容詞（for sb）

43、+ to do”中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動代被動。This kind of water isnt fit to drink. The girl isnt easy to get along with.另外：be to blame(受譴責(zé))，be to rent（出租）也用主動形式表被動。（4）被動形式表示主動意義的幾種情況。be seated坐著He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。be hidden躲藏He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself be

44、hind the door.)他藏在門后。be lost迷路 be drunk喝醉 be dressed穿著The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.（5）被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別被動語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作；系表結(jié)構(gòu)表主語的特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)。如：The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被動語態(tài))The book is well sold.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))動詞do 的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)形式變化對照表主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 動詞的時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)

45、考點(diǎn)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) Planning so far ahead _ no sense so many things will have changed by next year. (2011全國新課標(biāo)卷23)A. made B. is making C. makes D. has made考點(diǎn)2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)It is the most instructive lecture that I _ since I came to this school. (2011湖南卷30) A. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. h

46、ave attended 考點(diǎn)3.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過去時(shí) That must have been a long trip. Yeah, it _ us a whole week to get there. (2011北京卷27) A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was taking考點(diǎn)4. 過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)By the time Jack returned home from England, his son _ from college.(2011遼寧卷34) A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been grad

47、uating D. had graduated 考點(diǎn)5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) You look so tired, what have you been doing? We have been discussing the problem but we _ a conclusion yet. A. havent drawn B. have been drawing C. didnt draw D. werent drawing考點(diǎn)6.一般將來時(shí)與將來進(jìn)行時(shí) I hear you _ in a pub. Whats it like? Well, its very hard work and

48、 Im always tired, but I dont mind. (2011江蘇卷21) A. are working B. will work C. were working D. will be working動詞的語態(tài)考點(diǎn) 考點(diǎn)1.兩種特殊的被動語態(tài)1. 雙賓語動詞的被動語態(tài)She was _ the bike for 25 dollars，but she wouldnt take it. A. provided B. supplied C. offered D. gave英語中有些動詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，如： give, buy, bring, show, pass, offer, l

49、end, leave, tell, write, sing, teach等，這些動詞用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以將其中任何一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，而另一個(gè)賓語仍保留在謂語后面。如： He bought me many books. I was bought many books. 或 Many books were bought for me.2. 短語動詞的被動語態(tài) Why does Lingling look so unhappy? She _ by her classmates. A. has laughed B. has laughed at C. has been laughed D. has b

50、een laughed at短語動詞是由“動詞+介詞”， “動詞+名詞+介詞”等結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成的動詞短語，在被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中，不能漏掉其后的介詞。在“動詞名詞介詞”這類動詞短語的被動結(jié)構(gòu)，“名詞be動詞過去分詞介詞”也是高考熱點(diǎn)。如：take care ofcare be taken of; make good use ofgood use be made of; take advantage ofadvantage be taken of。 考點(diǎn)2.主動表被動的若干情形 Shall we go fishing tomorrow? Sounds great, but with so much home

51、work _， I really cant afford the time. A. done B. to do C. being done D. doing考點(diǎn)3.不及物動詞和有些及物動詞(短語)無被動語態(tài)Great changes _ in the city and a lot of factories _.A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set upC. are taken place; are set up D. were taken place; were set up

52、考點(diǎn)4. 作狀語的動詞被動語態(tài) If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city _ by their enthusiastic supporters. (2011浙江卷19) A. being cheered B. be cheered C. to be cheered D. were cheered考點(diǎn)5. 作后置定語的動詞被動語態(tài) The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time. A.

53、 completing B. completed C. having been completed D. to have been completed考點(diǎn)6. “get/become及其他系動詞過去分詞”表示被動，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu) They got _ after returning from the big party last week. A. separate B. separating C. separated D. to separate考點(diǎn)7.形式被動意義表主動的短語一般都由“be v.ed介詞或少量的不定式”組成，如be faced with(面臨)，be determined to

54、 do(下決心干)，be caught in(遇上), be devoted to (致力于), be known for(因出名)，be lost in(陷于，埋頭于) 等等。在句中作狀語時(shí)只需去掉be。 _ to achieve high grades in the final examination, he tried to study harder and harder. A. Being determining B. Determined C. To determine D. Determine 考點(diǎn)8. 帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu) The missing girl was last seen _ under the big tree. A. read B. to read C. reading D. to be read