[語言類考試復(fù)習(xí)資料大全]專升本英語分類模擬70

1、書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟。祝愿天下莘莘學(xué)子：學(xué)業(yè)有成，金榜題名！語言類考試復(fù)習(xí)資料大全專升本英語分類模擬70專升本英語分類模擬70Reading Comprehension Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is beh

2、avior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial (微不足道的) aspect of the matter. The fact of fi

3、rst-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief and the very great varieties it may manifest. No man ever looks at the world with pristine(質(zhì)樸的，純潔的) eyes. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in his philos

4、ophical probing he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to particular traditional customs. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in w

5、hich he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family. When one seriously studies social orders have had the opportunity to develop independently, the fi

6、gure becomes to more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation. The life history of the individual is first and foremost an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community. From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and

7、behavior. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture, and by the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities, its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities. 1. The author thinks the reason why custom has been ignored i

8、n the academic world is that _.A.custom reveals only the superficial nature of human behaviorB.the study of social orders can replace the study of customC.people are still not aware of the important role that custom plays in forming their world outlookD.custom has little to do with our ways of think

9、ing答案:C解析 根據(jù)第一段第二句“The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking，is behavior at its most commonplace.”可知，人們認(rèn)為人腦內(nèi)部活動(dòng)值得研究，而認(rèn)為風(fēng)俗傳統(tǒng)只是最常見的行為。由此說明人們認(rèn)為前者重要，后者不重要，因此不對(duì)其進(jìn)行學(xué)術(shù)研究，所以C正確。2. Which of the following is true according to Joh

10、n Dewey?A.An individual can exercise very little influence on the cultural tradition into which he is born.B.Custom is the direct result of the philosophical probings of a group of people.C.An individual is strongly influenced by the cultural tradition even before he is born.D.Custom represents the

11、collective wisdom which benefits the individual.答案:A解析 由題干關(guān)鍵詞John Dewey定位至第二段第四句“John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which. that are taken up into the language of his family.”可知，根據(jù)John Dewey所打的比方，風(fēng)

12、俗習(xí)慣對(duì)個(gè)人的行為的影響相對(duì)于個(gè)人對(duì)傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗的影響，就像母語對(duì)個(gè)人語言的影響相對(duì)個(gè)人會(huì)對(duì)整個(gè)母語詞匯的影響一樣。也就是說個(gè)人對(duì)傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣的影響非常小，所以A正確。3. Which of the following can best describe custom?A.the concept of the true and the false of a society.B.the independently developed social orders.C.the adjustment of the individual to the new social environment.D.the

13、 patterns and standards of behavior of a community.答案:D解析 根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第三句“The life history of the individual is first and foremost an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community.”(一個(gè)人一生首先就是要不斷調(diào)節(jié)自己以適應(yīng)由他所處環(huán)境所保留下來的生活模式及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。)再結(jié)合第一段第二句后半部分.“but custom,. is behavior at it

14、s most commonplace”，由此可知，習(xí)俗是一種行為。所以D正確。A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)不全面，而且僅僅把習(xí)俗看為一種規(guī)則和觀念類的東西，故排除。4. According the passage, a persons life, from his birth to death, is _.A.constantly shaping the cultural traditions of his peopleB.predominated by traditional customC.continually influenced by the habits of other communiti

15、esD.chiefly influenced by the people around him答案:B解析 由題干關(guān)鍵詞“from his birth to his death”定位至第二段最后兩句“From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture,.”可知，從一出生，人所處其中的社會(huì)習(xí)俗就塑造著他的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和行為。由此推斷

16、，人的一生擺脫不了傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗對(duì)個(gè)人的影響，所以B正確。5. The authors purpose in writing his passage is to _.A.urge individuals to follow traditional customsB.stress the strong influence of customs on an individualC.examine the interaction of man and social customsD.show mans adjustment to traditional customs答案:B解析 由上面的文章大意可知，作

17、者通篇都在強(qiáng)調(diào)風(fēng)俗對(duì)個(gè)人的影響，所以B正確。 The United States of America is often seen as a nation in which the pursuit of happiness is not a dream but a reality. The sad truth is that although portrayed as an unusually easy life, life in America is as much of a struggle as in any other nation. For example, higher level

18、 education for Americans does not come easy. Although there are scholarships, grants and loans available, if the student fails to meet the criteria (標(biāo)準(zhǔn)) he is left with only personal resources to draw from. This takes him into a life with not only a school schedule to follow but perhaps, also, a wor

19、k schedule and family life. These are often the difficulties that are not portrayed through the TV and movies. These are also the difficulties which many believe they will not encounter by attending an American college. In the second place, there is financial security. Many times what is portrayed o

20、f life in America is a life where money is no object. The fallacy (謬誤) in this is that, in spite of the comparatively higher wages available, the cost of living is also higher. Even though it may seem like one is making more money, just as much is spent in surviving. Each person has their own person

21、al struggle and money is an object for the majority of the people. Thirdly is the belief that in American way of life everyone has a good job. With the increasing advancements in technology, a well-paid job for those currently in the work force is getting harder to find. Those who have not been expo

22、sed to computers and other new methods of communication are finding this to be true. As it stands now, the job market is requiring at least a two-year degree from college, in order to make enough to live comfortably. Even then well-paid jobs are not easy to find, as it is sometimes believed because

23、of the portrayal of life in America. 6. The life in America emphasizes more on _.A.justiceB.entertainmentC.libertyD.happiness答案:D解析 從第一段的第一句話我們可以知道，美國人特別崇尚追求快樂幸福的生活，因此他們也特別注重幸福。因此D正確。A公正、B娛樂、C自由，這些都與文章的意思不相符。7. According to the passage, if the students in America cannot obtain scholarships, grants a

24、nd loans, they have to _.A.depend on government to help themB.get college admission by their own hard workC.depend on themselves even in collegeD.borrow money from their parents答案:C解析 由題干關(guān)鍵詞“scholarships, grants and loans”定位至第二段第二句“Although there are scholarships, grants and loans available, if the

25、student fails to meet the criteria he is left with only personal resources to draw from.”由此可知，假如學(xué)生沒有資格獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的話，那他只有用自己的財(cái)力支付這筆費(fèi)用了。所以選C。A依靠政府的幫助，這與文章中的意思“由自己承擔(dān)”不一致；B通過自己的努力學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)入大學(xué)，這與誰來承擔(dān)費(fèi)用沒有直接的關(guān)系；D向父母借錢，這與文章中的意思也不一致。8. Most people regard money as lifes object because _.A.money is everything in AmericaB.

26、it is easy to earn money in AmericaC.money is a symbol of statusD.they require more money for survival答案:D解析 由題干關(guān)鍵詞“money as lifes object”定位至第三段最后兩句“Even though it may seem like one is making more money, just as much is spent in surviving. Each person has their own personal struggle and money is an

27、object for the majority of the people.”由此可知，即使一個(gè)人看起來賺了更多的錢，其實(shí)也只是能滿足日常生活所需。所以一個(gè)人的生存需要更多的費(fèi)用。A在美國錢是一切，B在美國掙錢很容易，C金錢是地位的象征，根據(jù)上句分析可知，人們把錢作為一個(gè)目標(biāo)是因?yàn)樗麄兊纳钪行枰S多錢，并不是因?yàn)樯厦媪谐龅娜N原因。9. The labor force in America _.A.provides many positions for applicantsB.only needs the people with advanced science and technology

28、C.seldom promises a qualified applicant a high wageD.has fierce competition out of our imagination答案:D解析 從第四段我們可以知道，隨著科技的不斷進(jìn)步，對(duì)目前勞動(dòng)力來說高收入的工作更難找了。那些沒有接觸過計(jì)算機(jī)和其他信息手段的人很真實(shí)地體會(huì)到了這一點(diǎn)。而且目前的就業(yè)市場對(duì)人們的要求是至少要接受過兩年的大學(xué)教育。所以工作競爭比我們想象的要激烈得多，所以選D。10. Which of the following is the example cited by the author to testif

29、y his judgment of the life in America?A.The description in movies.B.Higher welfare standard.C.Technological security.D.Work force.答案:D解析 本文從三個(gè)方面來討論美國的生活并闡述觀點(diǎn)，第二段是從教育方面，第三段是從收入方面，第四段是從美國工作方面來說的，所以只有D對(duì)應(yīng)了第四段內(nèi)容，故選D。 Did you know that all human beings have a comfort zone regulating the distance they stan

30、d from someone when they talk? This distance varies in interesting ways among people of different cultures. Greeks, others of the Eastern Mediterranean, and many of those from South America normally stand quite close together when they talk, often moving their faces even closer as they warm up in a

31、conversation. North Americans find this awkward and often back away a few inches. Studies have found that they tend to feel most comfortable at about 21 inches apart. In much of Asia and Africa, there is even more space between two speakers in conversation. This greater space subtly lends an air of

32、dignity and respect. This matter of space is nearly always unconscious, but it is interesting to observe. This difference applies also to the closeness with which people sit together, the extent that they lean over one another in conversation, how they move as they argue or make an emphatic point. I

33、n the United States, for example, people try to keep their bodies apart even in a crowded elevator; in Paris they take it as it comes! Although North Americans have a relatively wide comfort zone for talking, they communicate a great deal with their handsnot only with gesture but also with touch. Th

34、ey put a sympathetic hand on a persons shoulder to demonstrate warmth of feeling or an arm around him in sympathy; they nudge(用肘輕推) a man in the ribs to emphasize a funny story; they pat an arm in reassurance or stroke a childs head in affection; they readily take someones arm to help him across a s

35、treet or direct him along an unfamiliar route. To many peopleespecially those from Asia or the Moslem countriessuch body contact is unwelcome, especially if inadvertently(不注意地) done with left hand. The left hand carries no special significance in the U. S. Many Americans are simply left-handed and u

36、se that hand more. 11. In terms of body distance, North Americans _.A.are similar to South AmericansB.stand farther apartC.feel ill at ease when too closeD.move nearer during conversation答案:C解析 題干關(guān)鍵詞“North Americans”定位至第二段第二句“North Americans find this awkward and often back away a few inches.”北美人發(fā)現(xiàn)這

37、(指前文說的“談話時(shí)靠得很近，甚至達(dá)到面對(duì)面的程度”)很尷尬并且常退后幾英寸。awkward與ill at ease同義，所以C正確。12. For Asians, the comfort zone _.A.is deliberately determinedB.measures 21 inchesC.varies according to statusD.implies esteem答案:D解析 由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Asians”定位至第二段后面部分“In much of Asia and Africa, there is even more space between two speakers

38、in conversation. This greater space subtly lends an air of dignity and respect. This matter of space is nearly always unconscious.”大意為：在談話時(shí)，亞洲人之間的距離更大，并且距離空間越大越顯示出一種尊重的氛圍。人們保持這樣的距離常常是無意識(shí)的。所以D正確。13. It can be inferred from the passage that in a crowded elevator, a Frenchman would _.A.behave in the sa

39、me way as an American wouldB.make no particular effort to distance himselfC.be afraid of body contactD.do his best to leave答案:B解析 由題干關(guān)鍵詞“crowded elevator”和“Frenchman”定位至第三段最后一句“In the United States, for example, people try to keep their bodies apart even in a crowded elevator; in Paris they take it

40、as it comes!”在擁擠的電梯里，美國人盡量讓他們的身體分開一些；而在巴黎，人們比較隨意!所以B正確。14. When Americans tell a joke, they often _.A.pat people on the headB.give people a hugC.dig people in the ribsD.touch people on the arm答案:C解析 由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Americans tell a joke”定位至最后一段第二句“.they nudge a man in the ribs to emphasize a funny story.”他們(

41、美國人)在強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)有趣的故事時(shí)，常常碰一下談話對(duì)象的肋骨。所以C正確。15. Which of the following is true about left-handedness?A.The Asians are likely to pat an arm in reassurance with left hand.B.People in the USA are all left-handed.C.People in Moslem countries tend to use left hand.D.Japanese are less likely to use left hand.答案:D解

42、析 由題干關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)eft-handedness”定位至最后一段最后兩句“To many peopleespecially those from Asia or the Moslem countriessuch body contact is unwelcome, especially if inadvertently done with left hand. The left hand carries no special significance in the U.S. Many Americans are simply left-handed and use that hand more

43、.”對(duì)于一些人來說特別是來自亞洲和伊斯蘭國家的人這樣的身體接觸(上文提到的如輕拍胳膊表示確信等)是不受歡迎的，尤其是有人不小心用左手做了這些動(dòng)作。在美國，用左手沒有特殊的含義，很多美國人就是左撇子，用左手的機(jī)會(huì)更多。由“To many peopleespecially those from Asia or the Moslem countriessuch body contact is unwelcome”可知，D正確，A、C不正確；由Many Americans are simply left-handed可知，B不正確。 There are two main changes compari

44、ng with the past. First, there are new definitions of what man can achieve, of what a human standard of life should be. In recent times this has been particularly true since technology has consistently broadened mans potential, it has made a longer, healthier, better life possible. Thus, in terms of

45、 what is technically possible, we have higher aspirations. Those who suffer levels of life well below those that are possible, even though they live better than medieval knights(中世紀(jì)騎士) or Asian peasants, are poor. Related to this technological advance is the social definition of poverty. The America

46、n rich in Hong Kong or in the sixteenth century are poor here and now in the United States. They are dispossessed in terms of what the rest of the nations enjoy, in terms of what the society could provide if it had the will. They live on the fringe, the margin. They watch the movies and read the mag

47、azines of affluent (豐富的) American, and these will tell them that they are internal exiles(放逐). And finally, one of the reasons that the income figures show fewer people today with low incomes than 20 years ago is that more wives are working now, and family income has risen as a result. In 1940, 15%

48、of wives were in the labor force; in 1957 the figure was 30%. This means that there was more money and, presumably(大概), less poverty. Yet a tremendous growth in the number of the impoverishment(貧窮) of home life, of children who receive less care, love, and supervision. This one fact, for instance, m

49、ight well play a significant role in the problems of the young in America. It could mean that we have made an improvement in income statistics at the cost of hurting thousands and thousands of children. If a person has money but achieves this through mortgaging the future, who is to say that he or s

50、he is no longer poor? 16. In recent times, as far as technology is concerned, those who are poor _.A.live better than Asian peasantsB.lead better lives than medieval knightsC.cannot achieve the living standard that technology can makeD.have no aspiration答案:C解析 C選項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的意思與第一段最后一句中的“.suffer levels of l

51、ife well below those that are possible”一致，故選C(參見難句分析)。A、B雖然正確，但不是就技術(shù)而言的，所以排除；D為干擾項(xiàng)，原文第四句中出現(xiàn)了“we have higher aspiration”，但這里的we是一個(gè)寬泛的概念，不是只針對(duì)富人或窮人而言的，跟題干所問的不相干。17. In the second paragraph, they are internal exiles implies _.A.their internal feelings are different from the rest of nationB.they are dis

52、criminated by the rest of the nationC.they are excessively lonely than people in other countriesD.they cant enjoy what the rest of the nation do concerning what the society provides答案:D解析 將線索定位在第二段最后一句中的“they are internal exiles”就可以得出D項(xiàng)正確(參考難句分析)。A、B是根據(jù)internal exiles的字面意思得出的錯(cuò)誤理解；C是對(duì)exile的錯(cuò)誤理解。18. T

53、he so-called American poor can only be defined by _.A.technologyB.American social backgroundC.the living standard in the U.S.D.the living standard of Hong Kong答案:C解析 從文章第一段最后一句及第二段可知，美國所謂的窮人是以美國本身的生活水平來劃分的。第二段第一句“對(duì)于貧窮的社會(huì)定義是和這種科技進(jìn)步聯(lián)系在一起的”，這里講的是定義“貧窮”時(shí)需要考慮到科技進(jìn)步的因素，因此科技只是影響“貧窮”的一個(gè)因素而不是決定因素，所以排除A；B項(xiàng)從字面上

54、看講得通，但文中未提到社會(huì)背景方面的內(nèi)容，而且生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)僅是社會(huì)背景的一個(gè)方面；D項(xiàng)“香港的生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”顯然不對(duì)。19. More women are working in America, which means _.A.improvement of all aspects of peoples livesB.fewer people are poor in the U.S. todayC.the nations economy grows rapidlyD.the rising of family incomes答案:D解析 根據(jù)文章第三段第一句：婦女參加工作的結(jié)果是家庭收入增加可知答案應(yīng)選D

55、。A項(xiàng)是說人民生活各個(gè)方面的提高，與原文內(nèi)容不符；選項(xiàng)B中的poor沒具體交代是哪一方面，在一個(gè)國家的不同時(shí)期，是否“貧窮”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是不同的，更多婦女參加工作，家庭收入增加，不能直接得出貧窮人口更少的結(jié)論；C項(xiàng)原文未提及。20. Which of the following sentences best describes the last paragraph?A.Women are playing a less important role in educating children.B.Its really unnecessary for women to work.C.Improvemen

56、t in income at the cost of the happiness of children doesnt mean rich.D.Problems of the young will be solved if women do not work.答案:C解析 第三段中說婦女參加工作使得家庭收入增加，但卻以傷害成千上萬兒童的幸福為代價(jià)。最后一句是對(duì)該段的總結(jié)，也為該段的主旨，與選項(xiàng)C相符。A項(xiàng)這一說法本身正確，但不全面；B“婦女有沒有必要出去工作”和D“如果婦女不工作就可以解決孩子的問題”原文未提及。 One study shows that Americans prefer to

57、 answer with a brief Yes, No, Sure, or the very popular Yeah rather than with a longer reply. But brief replies do not mean Americans are impolite or unfriendly to some extent. Very often, Americans are in a hurry and may greet you with a single word Hi, indeed; this is a greeting you will hear agai

58、n and again during your stay in the United States. It is used by everyone, regardless of rank, age or occupation. However, those who are accustomed to longer greetings may require a little more time before they feel comfortable with American simple talk. Americans sometimes use plain talk when they are uncomfortable.