常見(jiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞講解

1、常見(jiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞講解一、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的定義 ：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有詞義，但它不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，它必須和其他動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成 謂語(yǔ)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化；它的后面必須跟動(dòng)詞原形。二、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的種類：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞cancouldmaymustshallshouldneedwould詞義能夠，會(huì)能夠，會(huì)可以必須將，要應(yīng)該需要將會(huì)，愿否定形式cantcouldntmustntshantshouldntneedntwouldnt詞義不能，不會(huì) 不能，不會(huì)不允許，不能 將不要不應(yīng)該不必 不會(huì)，不愿三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法及主要句型：1、 can i help you?yes, please. / no, thanks.2、 ca

2、n + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形? yes, can. no, cant.3、 can i borrow your book?-yes,of course.4、 can i write on the book? no,-youcantmustnt.5、 could can you help me?- yes,of course.certainly. sure. 6、could can you tell me the way to the zoo?7、 may i come in ?- come in, please.8、 may i sit here?- yes, sorry,please.plea

3、sedont.9、 may i have some coke?- yes, of course.10、 may/ could / can i speak to tom? -speaking.whos calling? 11、should 、shouldnt表示勸告：1) he should get up early.2) she shouldnt play computer game too much.12、should +主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形? yes, should. no, shouldnt. 13、表示建議“你愿意嗎”-would you like to go shopping with

4、 me?-yes, id love to. /id love to. but im busy now.14、 就餐用語(yǔ) would you like something to eatdrink? -yes, id like15、 shall 用于第一人稱(i, we), 可以表示“將”和表示建議 “好嗎?”1) where shall we have dinner?2) shall we go fishing? -all right. ok. good idea.16、must + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形? -yes, must.no, neednt.四常見(jiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別：1. can (coul

5、d)1）表示能力，could 主要指過(guò)去時(shí)間。two eyes can see more than one. 兩只眼比一只眼看得清。could the girl read before she went to school? 這女孩上學(xué)前能識(shí)字嗎？2）表示可能（理論上或是邏輯判斷上）。he cant (couldnt) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足夠的錢買新車。3）表示允許。can i have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新鋼筆嗎？4）表驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度。主要用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或感嘆句中。where

6、 can (could) they have gone to? 他們會(huì)去哪兒了呢？he cant (couldnt) be over sixty. 他不可能超過(guò)六十歲。how can you be so careless! 你怎么這么粗心！5）比較委婉客氣地提出問(wèn)題或陳述看法。can (could) you lend me a hand? 幫我一把好嗎？2. may (might)1）表允許，might 可以指過(guò)去時(shí)間，也可指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，語(yǔ)氣更委婉。you may take whatever you like. 你喜歡什么就拿什么。he told me that i might smoke in

7、 the room. 他告訴我可以在房間里抽煙。may (might) i ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一張你寶寶的照片嗎？在回答以 may 引起的問(wèn)句時(shí)，多避免用這個(gè)詞，而用其它方式，如 yes, please. / certainly. / please dont ./ youd better not. / no, you mustnt. 等，以免顯得太嚴(yán)峻或不客氣。2）表可能（事實(shí)上）?？梢灾高^(guò)去時(shí)間，也可以指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，但語(yǔ)氣更加不肯定。he may be at home. 他可能在家。she may not know about it. 她可能不

8、知道這件事。they might be having a meeting, but im not sure. 他們有可能在開(kāi)會(huì)，不過(guò)我不肯定。3. must1）表示義務(wù)。意為“必須”（主觀意志）。we must do everything step by step. 我們一切都必須循序漸進(jìn)地做。you mustnt talk to her like that. 你不可能那樣對(duì)她說(shuō)話。-must we hand in our exercisebooks now? 我們現(xiàn)在就要交練習(xí)本嗎？-no, you neednt. / no, you dont have to. 不必。（這種情況下，一般不用

9、 mustnt）2）表示揣測(cè)。意為“想必、準(zhǔn)是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。he must be ill. he looks so pale. 他準(zhǔn)是病了。他的臉色蒼白。4. shall1）表征詢意見(jiàn)，用于第一、第三人稱疑問(wèn)句。shall i get you some tea? 我給你點(diǎn)茶好嗎？shall the boy wait outside? 讓那男孩在外面等嗎？what shall we do this evening? 我們今晚做什么？2）表說(shuō)話人的意愿，有“命令、允諾、警告、決心”等意思，用于第二、第三人稱陳述句。 you shall do as i say. 按我說(shuō)的做。（命令）yo

10、u shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答復(fù)。（允諾）he shall be sorry for it one day, i tell you. 有一天他會(huì)后悔的，我告訴你。（警告）nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我們執(zhí)行這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。（決心） 5. will1）表意愿，用于各種人稱陳述句。i will do anything for you. 我愿為你做任何事。2）表請(qǐng)求，用于疑問(wèn)句。will you close the window? its a bit cold. 請(qǐng)

11、你把窗戶關(guān)上好嗎？有點(diǎn)冷。3）表示某種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。fish will die out of water. 魚離開(kāi)水就不能活。6. should1）表義務(wù)。意為“應(yīng)該”（某件事宜于做），用于各種人稱。you shouldnt waste any time. 你不應(yīng)該浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。2）表推測(cè)，意為“想必一定、照說(shuō)應(yīng)該、估計(jì)”等。they should be home by now. 照說(shuō)他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)當(dāng)已經(jīng)到家了。7. would1）表意愿。i said i would do anything for you. 我說(shuō)過(guò)我愿意為你做任何事。2）表委婉地提出請(qǐng)求、建議或看法。would you like

12、 another glass of beer? 再來(lái)杯啤酒好嗎？3）表過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或過(guò)去的一種傾向。every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻煩都會(huì)向她求助。他告 訴我盒子打不開(kāi)了。相關(guān)練習(xí)(一) 用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞填空。1. must i borrow the book with my id card? no, you _.2. _ i use your car? yes, you _.3. _ i go home now? no, you _ stay here.4. my mother is i

13、ll. i _ stay at home and look after her.5. _ you like some tea?6. you _ take more exercise.7. _ you tell me how to get to the qingyun park?8. the clock _ tell us the time.9. _ you like to go fishing with me?10. _ we play football this afternoon?(二) 按要求改寫句子。1. i can run fast.i _ _ fast. (否定句)2. you m

14、ust return the book now.（一般疑問(wèn)句）_ i the book now? no, you _.3. he can play basketball well. （一般疑問(wèn)句）_ he _ basketball well?4. they must take the books out of the room. （否定句）they _ _ the books out of the room.5. he should get up early. (否定句)he _ get up late.(三) 單項(xiàng)選擇。( ) 1. you like some milk ? a . woul

15、d b. could c . can( ) 2. we pick the flower in the park. a. cantb. dont c. mustnt( ) 3. we shouldmore trees, and we shouldnt cut any trees.a. plant b. planting c. plants( ) 4. may i have some coffee?a. yes,you have. b. yes,you can. c. yes,certainly. ( ) 5. shall we visit the factory?a. yes,we do. b.

16、 yes, we shall. c. all right.( ) 6. would you like something to eat?a. yes,we would. b. yes, id like some cakes. ( ) 7. what can i do for you?c. yes, of course.a. yes,you can. b. no,i can do it.c. yes.id like some oranges.(四) 根據(jù)所學(xué)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，填寫適當(dāng)形式。1) _ you like to go fishing with me?2) _ i go home now? no

17、, you _ stay here.3) you _ take more exercise.4) the clock _ tell us the time.5) _ you tell me how to get to the qingyun park?6) my mother is ill. i _ stay at home and look after her. 7) _ you like some tea?8) must i borrow the book with my id card? no, you _. 9) _ i use your car? yes, you _.10) _ w

18、e play football this afternoon?(五) 對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)。1. we mustnt pick the flowers in the park.2. we should plant more trees.3. i would you like some cakes to eat?4. she could swim five years ago.5. we should protect animals because they are our good friends .6. tom could go to the cinema (電影院) with his sister .(六) 圈出正確答案。1）lucy should her homework now.a. finishes b. finishing c. finished d. finish 2）my mother would back soon.a. came b. comes c. come d. will come 3）could you me a hand?a. giving b. gives c. given d. give4）should i now?a. started b. starting c. start d. star