大學(xué)英語四級翻譯專項訓(xùn)練[共20頁]

1、1 大學(xué)英語四級翻譯專項 訓(xùn)練 主講人：繆爽 2 主要問題 n一、核心語法 虛擬語氣、定語從句、主語從句、非謂語動詞 n二、固定搭配和常規(guī)用法 3 虛擬語氣 n一、“時態(tài)向前推移規(guī) 律”及其試用范圍 4 例句 nI would certainly go if I had the time.(與現(xiàn)在事 實相反) nIf he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. (與將來事實相反) nShe would have come if we had invited her.(與過去事實相反) 5 在錯綜時間句中 n謂語動詞“具體問題，具體分析”

2、 nIf you hadnt watched television so late, you wouldnt be so sleepy now.(從去與過去時間相 反，主句與現(xiàn)在情況相反) nIf I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. (從句的動作與過去事實相反， 而主句的動作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實不 符 ) 6 nIf they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他們通知過我們的話，我們現(xiàn) 在就不會來這里了。 nIf he were free toda

3、y, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的話，我們會已經(jīng) 派他去北京了。 nIf she had returned an hour earlier, Mary wouldnt have been caught in the rain. （2009， 6月真題） 7 nThe victim would have a chance to survive if he had been taken to hospital in time.(2006年 12月真題) 8 特殊的固定搭配用法 n一想要一想要(desire)二寧愿二寧愿(prefer)三命令

4、三命令(order. command)四建議四建議(advice. suggest. propose)五要求五要求(demand. require. request. desire. insist)中，無論主句謂語動詞為何種中，無論主句謂語動詞為何種 時態(tài)，從句的謂語動詞都用時態(tài)，從句的謂語動詞都用：should + do。 should可以省略?？梢允÷?。 9 nThe professor required that we (should) hand in our research reports by Wednesday.(2006 年6月真題) nI suggested he shoul

5、d adapt himself to his new conditions.(2006年1月真題) 10 定語從句 11 關(guān)系副詞 nWhere的用法 n在定語從句中作地點狀語，代指地點。 nPotato can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice. n有些太冷不能種水稻的地方，可以種馬鈴薯。 nWhen的用法 n在定語從句中做時間狀語， 指代時間。 nI shall never forget the days when we worked on the farm. nWhy的用法 n在定語從句中做原因狀語。 nI have

6、 come around to explain the reason why I was absent form the meeting. nThe reason that the car broke down caused the accident. 12 nIs he the man who/that wants to see you? 他 就是想見你的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主 語） nHe is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他 就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句 中作賓語） nThe book which/that i

7、s on the table is mine. （做主語） nThe book which/that you bought yesterday is good.(做賓語) nThe book whose cover is blue is mine.(做定語) 13 nMedical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems that/which they have no solutions to till now /to which they havent found answers so far.（2008年12

8、月真 題） nThe prevention and treatment of AIDS is the field where (in which) we can cooperate. （2007年6月真題） 14 nThey rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了，大家都跑過去 幫忙。（做定語） nA prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn) 了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在

9、句中作主 語） nThe package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那個包裹快要 散開了。(which / that在句中作賓語） 15 非謂語動詞 n動詞不定式 n動名詞 16 動詞不定式 nto +動詞原型 n可以理解為“固定搭配”或“常識” nJohn said that he had run in order to catch the bus. nHe hate to be misunderstood by others. nWere happy to have been working

10、with you. nIts kind of you to say so. 17 動名詞 n動詞原形+ing (是名詞) 18 I am sure that he will come in time. =I am sure of his coming in time. He is proud that he is selected as monitor. =He is proud of being selected as monitor. Im confident that he have passed the exam. =Im confident of his having passed

11、the exam. He complained that he have been wronged by others. =he complained of having been wronged by others. 19 動名詞充當(dāng)主語 nAsking for help is sometimes necessary. nEating too much is not good for your health. nTeaching offers something besides money and power. 20 主語從句 nwhat =the thing that What many people havent realized is that Simo