論英漢之間數(shù)字的翻譯英語論文

1、本科生畢業(yè)論文（設計）冊 學院 xxx學院 專業(yè) 英語翻譯 班級 xxx級機器翻譯1班 學生 xxx 指導教師 xxx xxxx大學本科畢業(yè)論文（設計）任務書編 號： 論文（設計）題目：論英漢之間數(shù)字的翻譯 學院： xxx學院 專業(yè)： 英語翻譯 班級： xxxx機器翻譯1班 學生姓名： xxx 學號： xxxx 指導教師： xxx 職稱： 副教授 1、 論文（設計）研究目標及主要任務本論文的研究目標是探討中英文化中數(shù)字的不同涵義和數(shù)字在文學中的應用。其主要任務是通過分析文化的影響作用提出幾點數(shù)字的翻譯方法。2、論文（設計）的主要內(nèi)容 本論文分為三章，第一章介紹數(shù)字和文化的關(guān)系，第二章介紹數(shù)字在

2、文學中的修辭用法，最后一章提出了四種數(shù)字的翻譯方法。3、論文（設計）的基礎條件及研究路線 本論文的基礎條件是不同的翻譯學家及文化學家對翻譯的研究結(jié)果。 研究路線是對數(shù)字在英漢文化中的不同涵義及其應用進行詳細的闡述，并在此基礎上試探性地提出四條數(shù)字的翻譯方法。4、主要參考文獻gunde, richard. culture and customs of china m. westport, conn: greenwood press, 2002.230-267.kuper, adam. culture m. cambridge, mass: harvard university press, 19

3、99.226.salzmann, zdenek. language, culture, & society m. boulder: westview press, 1998.215-232.郭愛萍,王豐年.英漢數(shù)字的特點及其翻譯技巧研究j.科技與出版,2006,(05).許淵沖.白居易詩選m.石家莊:河北人民出版社,2006:203.5、計劃進度階段起止日期1確定初步論文題目3月9日前2與導師見面，確定大致范圍，填開題報告和任務書，導師簽字3月9日-3月16日3提交論文提綱3月16日-3月23日4交初稿和文獻綜述3月23日-4月23日5交終稿和評議書5月8日前指 導 教師： 年 月 日教研室主

4、任： 年 月 日注：一式三份，學院（系）、指導教師、學生各一份xxxx大學本科生畢業(yè)論文（設計）開題報告書 xxx 學院 英語翻譯 專業(yè) xxx 屆學生姓名xxx論文（設計）題目論英漢之間數(shù)字的翻譯指導教師xxx專業(yè)職稱 副教授所屬教研室英語翻譯教研室研究方向翻譯課題論證：從數(shù)字與文化，數(shù)字的應用等方面論述數(shù)字的隱含意義以及其翻譯方法。方案設計：第一章介紹數(shù)字與文化的關(guān)系，第二章闡述數(shù)字在文學作品中的應用， 第三章探討數(shù)字的翻譯方法。進度計劃：3月9日前確定初步論文題目 3月16日前寫開題報告、任務書3月23日前提交論文提綱4月23日前提交初稿和文獻綜述5月8日前交終稿和評議書指導教師意見：

5、指導教師簽名： 年 月 日教研室意見： 教研室主任簽名： 年 月 日xxxx大學本科生畢業(yè)論文（設計）評議書姓 名xxx學院xxx學院專業(yè)英語翻譯年級（班）xxx英語翻譯機譯1班論 文 題 目論英漢之間數(shù)字的翻譯完成時間xxx/5/7論文內(nèi)容摘要數(shù)字作為一種特殊的語言符號，不僅具有計算功能，而且承載著豐富的文化內(nèi)涵。在不同的歷史文化孕育下，漢語和英語形成了各具特色的語言體系，在日常交流中，數(shù)字占據(jù)著重要的地位；在文學作品中，借助于各種修辭手法，數(shù)字更加展現(xiàn)了其獨特的文化魅力。由于中西方文化的不同，具有隱含意義的數(shù)字在翻譯中面臨著巨大的困難。因此，翻譯工作者在翻譯文學作品中的數(shù)字時必須考慮到歷史

6、，社會，文化，習俗等各個方面的因素。這篇論文是對數(shù)字翻譯的淺析。首先對中西方的數(shù)字文化做了整體介紹，對比分析了漢英數(shù)字文化的異同點。接著分析了數(shù)字在文學修辭中的應用，及其給文學作品帶來的表達效果。最后，在前人的理論基礎上提出了四種應對文學作品中數(shù)字翻譯的方法。 指導教師評語 年 月 日指 導 教 師職稱初評成績答辯小組姓名職稱教研室組長成員答辯記錄： 記錄人簽字： 年 月 日答辯小組意見： 組長簽字： 年 月 日學院意見： 評定成績： 簽章 年 月 日xxxx大學本科生畢業(yè)論文（設計）文獻綜述literature reviewin linguistics, a number is a symb

7、ol or word that represents a quantity or an amount. after human society had developed into a certain phase, numbers, with the help of symbols, were born to meet the needs of social activities, and are developing with human civilization. numbers come from the nature, from understanding and summary of

8、 the material world, and from observation and exploration of the objective world. from ancient times till now, daily life can not go on without numbers. human beings have reached a consensus that words created human civilization, and words were created by numbers. words may pose obstacles to communi

9、cations. however, numbers are always the same. there has been, both at home and abroad, considerable interest in this field of research in recent years.in our daily life, we often meet with something which does not have a clear quantitative boundary and has to be described by certain fuzzy expressio

10、ns. besides, the objective world is all-embracing, while languages are relatively hysteretic. therefore, the meanings human expresses inevitably possess the characteristic of fuzziness, such as deep and shallow, high and low, fast and slow and so on. the boundary between the two adjectives in each p

11、air is not clear, which is a reflection of both the fuzziness of objects and humans demands of fuzziness in communications. fuzziness is an objective attribute of the languages. the birth and rise of fuzziology and fuzzy linguistics break a new field and provide a new method to language study. after

12、 american scholar lotfi askar zadeh published his paper fuzzy sets in information and control and proposed fuzzy set theory in 1965, discussions and studies on semantic fuzziness and fuzzy linguistics have drawn great attention. under the guidance of translation equivalence theory, scholars such as

13、zhao yanchun and zhang ying, etc., propose the concept of fuzzy equivalence to translate words with semantic fuzziness. influenced and restricted by cultural contexts, numbers sometimes lose their accurate referential meanings and contain semantic fuzziness. instead of conveying the original meaning

14、s, the numbers in chinese classical poetry and idioms often perform other functions, which lead to difficulties in translation.translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text, (bhatia, 1992:1,051) born nearly at the same time w

15、ith language, translation is one of the most long-lasting activities in human history. it is playing a significant role in communications of literature, art, philosophy, science, technology, politics, economics, etc., which objectively promotes world peace and development.great achievements have bee

16、n made by scholars at home and abroad in chinese classical literature translation. angus charles graham, arthur david waley, ezra pound, herbert allen giles, witter bynner and so on are all expert translators in this field. chinese translators, including jiang tinggan, weng xianliang, xu yuanchong,

17、etc., contribute a lot to chinese classical poetry translation both in theory and practice. moreover, relevant studies on chinese classical literature translation have been carried out and elaborate on different aspects.本科生畢業(yè)論文設計題目： 論英漢之間數(shù)字的翻譯作者姓名： xxx 指導教師： xxx 所在學院： xxx學院 專業(yè)（系）： 英語翻譯 班級（屆）： xxx屆 完

18、成日期 xxx 年 5 月 7 日 an analysis on the translation of numbers between english and chinesebyxxx prof. xxxx, tutora thesis submitted to department of english language and literature in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of b.a. in english atxxxx universitymay 7th, xxx摘 要數(shù)字作為一種特殊的語言符號

19、，不僅具有計算功能，而且承載著豐富的文化內(nèi)涵。在不同的歷史文化孕育下，漢語和英語形成了各具特色的語言體系，在日常交流中，數(shù)字占據(jù)著重要的地位；在文學作品中，借助于各種修辭手法，數(shù)字更加展現(xiàn)了其獨特的文化魅力。由于中西方文化的不同，具有隱含意義的數(shù)字在翻譯中面臨著巨大的困難。因此，翻譯工作者在翻譯文學作品中的數(shù)字時必須考慮到歷史，社會，文化，習俗等各個方面的因素。這篇論文是對數(shù)字翻譯的淺析。首先對中西方的數(shù)字文化做了整體介紹，對比分析了漢英數(shù)字文化的異同點。接著分析了數(shù)字在文學修辭中的應用，及其給文學作品帶來的表達效果。最后，在前人的理論基礎上提出了四種應對文學作品中數(shù)字翻譯的方法。關(guān)鍵詞 數(shù)字

20、 文化 翻譯abstractnumbers as a kind of special linguistic symbols, not only have the function of calculation, but also bear rich cultural connotations. under the influence of different history and culture environments, english and chinese languages develop into different systems. in daily communication

21、numbers occupy an important position. in literary works, with the aid of all kinds of rhetoric devices, numbers can show more about its unique cultural charms. because of the difference of chinese and western cultures, numbers with implied meanings are facing huge difficulties in translation. theref

22、ore, when translating numbers in literary works, translators must take history, society, culture, customs and other factors into consideration.this thesis is about the translation of cultural numbers between english and chinese. first of all, chinese and english cultures about numbers are analyzed f

23、rom an overall view, comparing the similarities and differences between them. then the application of rhetorical numbers in literature and its functions are discussed. finally, on the basis of predecessors theories about translation, four kinds of tentative methods are put forward in dealing with th

24、e translation of numbers in literary works.key words numbers culture translationcontentsintroduction1chapter i2numbers and cultures21.1 chinese culture about numbers21.2 english culture about numbers61.3 similarities of cultural implication in numbers between chinese and english71.4 differences of c

25、ultural implication in numbers between chinese and english8chapter ii10numbers usage in literary world and its functions102.1 numbers used as rhetorical devices102.1.1 hyperbole102.1.2 splitting of numbers122.1.3 metaphor and metonymy132.2 functions achieved by the use of numbers14chapter iii15the t

26、ranslation of numbers between english and chinese153.1 literally translation153.2 literally translation with notes163.3 liberally translation193.4 omitting numbers20conclusion23bibliography24introductionfrom the perspective of linguistics, numbers are symbols that represent accurate quantities. howe

27、ver, with the development of human society, more and more cultural features are added to numbers and numbers have enriched human civilization at the same time. from ancient time on, daily life can hardly go on without numbers. besides their counting function, numbers play an important role in litera

28、ry world. we can find many idioms involving numbers, such as “千載難逢” (such a thing only happens once in a thousand years) and “亂七八糟” (at sixes ad sevens). in literary works, numbers are always used as rhetoric devices, which make sentences difficult to comprehend. consequently, higher requirement are

29、 proposed in the translation of implied-meaning numbers.there are three chapters in this thesis. chapter one mainly discussed culture and numbers and put forward some points of similarities and differences of implied-meaning numbers on the basis of comparing chinese and english cultures. the second

30、chapter is a superficial introduction of the rhetorical usage of numbers in literary world, which not only attracts the foreign readers strong interests, but also greatly reveals the abundant chinese traditional culture. correspondingly, this leads to more accurate requirements in translation. thus

31、the last chapter put forward four kinds of tentative translation on the basis of former researches methods applied. they are respectively called literally translation, literally translation with notes, liberally translation and omitting numbers in translation. literally translation is chose in the s

32、ituation where numbers have almost the same meaning in two cultures, mostly are real meanings. literally translation with notes is usually used when numbers are hard to understand because of cultural implications. liberally translation is applied in order to suit to the target cultural conventions b

33、y reducing or enlarging the quantity. translation by omitting numbers can be used in translating some numbers without concrete meanings, so that the original messages can be expressed without using numbers. finally, an overall conclusion comes to summarize the thesis.chapter inumbers and culturescul

34、ture and language depend on each other. language exists in the soil of culture, and culture is reflected in the form of language. numerals as an important part of language have vivid cultural allusions. in different languages, numerals are restrained by their own cultural environment, as a result of

35、 which readers from different cultures can not easily get the same literary images. the reason lies in that both chinese and english have a large quantity of cultural connotations. without knowing them, one can not understand the writers deep meaning, let alone appreciate the original beauty of lite

36、rature and art. thus we have to get the knowledge of cultural background of numbers in order to make intercultural communication more effective an efficient.1.1 chinese culture about numbersfrom ancient time on, numbers have always been used as measurement units. however, with the development of hum

37、an society and culture, they are gradually given more and more other connotations besides their original meanings. consequently, some numbers are favorable, while some others are considered to be unlucky. some of them even become magic numbers in different languages. with the influence of its abunda

38、nt culture, chinese numerals have their unique connotations. in the following the culture background behind the numbers will be elaborated. one, besides its calculating function, also has implicit meanings or sometimes called fuzzy meanings such as “unique”, “every”, “whole” in chinese. in chinese t

39、raditional taoism “one” is usually used to designate tao, the beginning of the world, the original unity at the basis of creation, from which everything is generated. that is“道生一，一生二，二生三，三生萬物” ( tao gave birth to the one, the one gave birth to the two, two gave birth to three, and three gave birth t

40、o ten thousand things. ) in daode jing (道德經(jīng)). one is a quite symbolic number, meaning “total” and “single-mindedness”. this is the reason why it is often quoted in chinese idioms and commonly used in famous sayings and proverbs. for example，“一帆風順” ( plain sailing ), “一箭雙雕” ( to kill two birds with o

41、ne stone ), “吃一塹，長一智” ( a fall into the pit, a gain in your wit ), “一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井繩” ( once bit, twice shy ).even numbers are regarded as beauty and luck in chinese culture because philosophy in china is dualistic philosophy which believes that “yin” and “yang” together form the world. due to this, chin

42、ese people are in favor of even numbers. two as the smallest even number is literarily called “雙” (shuang) and “兩” (liang) in chinese. chinese people are longing for “好事成雙”(happiness comes in pairs) and “兩全其美” (satisfy both parties), which is exactly the reflection of its connotations of goodliness

43、and fortune. at the same time, its original meaning can also be found in some idioms to show the opposition of one or lucky gains, such as “一心不可二用” (one cant focus ones mind on two things at the same time) and “一石二鳥” (kill two birds with one stone).three is the number implicating success and noblene

44、ss in chinese traditional culture. chinese ancient philosophers divided the universe into the heavens, the earth and the creatures and they believed that everything including what is invisible and untouchable in the universe is generated by three (the so called“三生萬物” in chinese). from nothing to som

45、ething, or something to infinity, “three” plays a circle role. therefore, they sacrifice the heads of a pig, a bull and a goat as san sheng(“三牲”) to god for great events in order to get bless and protect from mysterious strength. in ancient times, the only light known by people is from the sun, the

46、moon and the star. so they are solemnly named as san guang(“三光”). buddhism regards the last life, this life and the other life as san sheng (“三生” ). in feudal society, father, son and grandson are the so-called san zu(“三族”). apart from these, three has its fuzzy meanings in some idioms such as “三足鼎立

47、”(a situation of tripartite confrontation), “三思而后行”(think thrice before acting), “三個臭皮匠賽過諸葛亮”(two heads are better than one).ancient chinese people view the sky as circle and the ground square. four means the four directions of the “square” consisting the east, the south, the west and the north, and

48、 four elements, water, fire, earth and air which make up the world. there are four seasons in natural world. thus four is the soul of the universe. there are many four-character idioms containing “four” such as “四海升平”(the universal prospect ), and “名揚四?！?well known all around the world). however, nu

49、mber four is sometimes regarded as unfortunate in china, because it has the same pronunciation with“死”(death) in chinese, which is a taboo in china.five as the center of the numbers from one to nine is one of the most frequently used numbers. confucians believe that five implies the concept of “the

50、mean.” besides this, the five elements (metal, wood, water, fire, earth) provided a framework for people at former times to classify natural phenomena. five, in this way, becomes a mark of harmony and gets peoples favor. “may the five fortunes approach your door” “五福臨門” in chinese is assaying often

51、seen at festive occasions. the five fortunes are long life, wealth, health, an ethical life, and a peaceful death. a great many of idioms have occurred with “五” (five) such as “五官端正” (have regular features), “五谷豐登” (an abundant harvest of all crops), “五光十色” (all sorts and colors).six is usually used

52、 to sum up listed things. “六合” means east, west, south, north and sky as well as earth. “六親” consists father, mother, elder brother, younger brother, wife and son. “六畜” means the horse, the bull, the goat, the pig, the chicken as well as the dog. on the other hand, six is always related with luck. “

53、六六大順”(the number of six suggests everything goes smoothly), so people are more likely to select number six when they choose telephone numbers or door numbers. 168 is often the head of hot line because it sounds like “一路發(fā)” in chinese meaning on the road to success full of fortunes.according to inform

54、al statistics, not many people take seven to be a lucky number. according to the old text yu hsiao ling yin, when someone first dies the mourning period should be seven days. “doing the sevens” (“做七”) is the custom at funerals. from the first seven days someone passes away to the seventh seven days,

55、 all together 49 days, there are appropriate rituals for each. it is said that the seventh of the seventh month of the lunar year is the day when dead people get together. for these reasons, chinese people do not like number seven. consequently, idioms with seven are rarely found. “七死八活” (nearly dead), “七拼八湊” (scrape together), “七零八落”(throw to disorder) are some examples with passive meaning.e