新視野大學(xué)英語4第三單元

1、 Topics for DiscussionTopics for Discussion1 1. How do people treat . How do people treat disabled disabled people? people? What What about about youyou?2. According to you, how do we (our government 2. According to you, how do we (our government and every one of us) help the disabled people?and eve

2、ry one of us) help the disabled people?3. According to you, how do the disabled people 3. According to you, how do the disabled people help themselves?help themselves?4.Do 4.Do you know someone else who is disabledyou know someone else who is disabledbut has set a good example for us? but has set a

3、good example for us? Introduce one or two to your classmates.Introduce one or two to your classmates.the disabled / handicapped / crippled, normal, abnormal, weird, lower, equal, fair, optimistic, pessimistic disability, prejudice, bias, unwanted attention, goodwill, good intention, ill will, ill in

4、tention treat sb. as., look down upon, stare and point, regardfairly, unfairly, unequally1. Structure of Text1. Structure of TextSeveral events are narrated to illustrate the problems with the present welfare system: welfare caseworkers try to find anything unreported, welfare clients have difficult

5、ies in obtaining help, and the law does not encourage clients to make a gradual shift away from welfare. Dealing with what should be done with the present welfare systemThis part is about how people concerned behave under the present welfare system: Clients cheat the system for more money while case

6、workers, like detectives, expect the clients to bow down to them and beg.Para.1-3Para. 4-14Para. 15-174. Useful Expressions long for long for bleed forbleed foropt to do opt to do sthsth. .drum up businessdrum up businessyield toyield toget/be involved inget/be involved inlecture sb. about lecture s

7、b. about sthsth. .get aroundget aroundget the cheapest bidget the cheapest bidmake a gradual shift away make a gradual shift away fromfromjump offjump offlend oneself tolend oneself tosit onsit onconvict ofconvict of渴望/盼望向榨取選擇招攬生意向屈服卷入/潛心于就某事訓(xùn)斥某人四處走動(dòng)拿到最低的報(bào)價(jià)逐漸脫離突然脫離/擺脫適宜于; 同意參與任職，任代表，擔(dān)任證明/宣判某人有罪L(fēng)eak:

8、 n. Leak: n. 泄漏；漏洞，裂縫泄漏；漏洞，裂縫 vt.vt. 使?jié)B漏，泄露使?jié)B漏，泄露 vi. vi. 漏，滲；泄漏漏，滲；泄漏Leak out Leak out 泄露出去泄露出去1 1、你要保證這份文件不被泄露出去。你要保證這份文件不被泄露出去。You should guarantee that the file wont be You should guarantee that the file wont be leaked out.leaked out.2 2、One of the employees was responsible for the One of the em

9、ployees was responsible for the leak.leak.一雇員對(duì)泄密負(fù)有責(zé)任。一雇員對(duì)泄密負(fù)有責(zé)任。 sticky adj.(origin)sticky adj.(origin)黏的黏的 (extension) involving problems; difficult (extension) involving problems; difficult or awkwardor awkwardThe relationship between the two country The relationship between the two country is goi

10、ng through a sticky patch. is going through a sticky patch. 兩國(guó)關(guān)系正在經(jīng)歷一段困難時(shí)期。兩國(guó)關(guān)系正在經(jīng)歷一段困難時(shí)期。 Convict v. Convict v. 定罪定罪 n.n.囚犯囚犯我我掌握一切證據(jù)來給這個(gè)年輕犯人定罪。掌握一切證據(jù)來給這個(gè)年輕犯人定罪。 I have all the evidence to convict this I have all the evidence to convict this young criminal.young criminal.Words and ExpressionsWords

11、and Expressions美國(guó)社會(huì)福利簡(jiǎn)介Introduction to social welfare system American 國(guó)現(xiàn)行的社會(huì)福利制度是從1936年社會(huì)安全法案(Social Security Act)實(shí)行之后，逐步完善起來的。社會(huì)安全法案包含如下幾類福利措施： America current social welfare system is from the social security act of 1936 (Social SecurityAct) after the introduction, gradually improve. The Social Se

12、curity Act contains the followingbenefits: 1 1、聯(lián)邦社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)、聯(lián)邦社會(huì)保險(xiǎn) 1, the social insurance1, the social insurance 聯(lián)邦社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)是為就職人士設(shè)立的，在職或曾經(jīng)工作過聯(lián)邦社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)是為就職人士設(shè)立的，在職或曾經(jīng)工作過的本人及其家屬都可參加，主要包括退休金的本人及其家屬都可參加，主要包括退休金 (Retirement Benefits)(Retirement Benefits)、撫恤金、撫恤金(Survivors (Survivors Benefits)Benefits)、傷殘金、傷殘金(Disabi

13、lity Benefits)(Disability Benefits)和醫(yī)療福利和醫(yī)療福利(Medicare Benefits)(Medicare Benefits)等。等。Federal insuranceofficeisset up for thepeople,working orhave workedfor himself and his familycan participate in,includingpension,pension(RetirementBenefits)(SurvivorsBenefits)(DisabilityBenefits),disability benefi

14、tsand health benefits(MedicareBenefits).2、失業(yè)補(bǔ)助金、失業(yè)補(bǔ)助金( Unemployment Compensation)2,the unemployment subsidy(UnemploymentCompensation) ) 只要是遭辭退失業(yè)的，不管有無積蓄都可申請(qǐng)。一般補(bǔ)只要是遭辭退失業(yè)的，不管有無積蓄都可申請(qǐng)。一般補(bǔ)助期是助期是6 6至至9 9個(gè)月，按各州不同情況可能會(huì)有所延長(zhǎng)。個(gè)月，按各州不同情況可能會(huì)有所延長(zhǎng)。 As long as thelaid-offunemployed,regardless of whether thesavings

15、can apply.Generalgrantperiod is 6 to9 months,according to thedifferent statesthat may beextended.3、公共援助金、公共援助金(public assistance)(public assistance)3, public assistance (public assistance)3, public assistance (public assistance)專為低收入或無收入的失明者、老人、殘障者及無收入的家庭專為低收入或無收入的失明者、老人、殘障者及無收入的家庭而設(shè)。由州政府按各自生活條件發(fā)放，申

16、請(qǐng)者將接受調(diào)查以證而設(shè)。由州政府按各自生活條件發(fā)放，申請(qǐng)者將接受調(diào)查以證明有申領(lǐng)資格。明有申領(lǐng)資格。Designed forlowincome or noincomeand blind,elderly,disabled andnoincome families.Issued by the state government according totheirliving conditions,the applicant will be investigated toprove eligibility.4 4、孕婦與兒童福利、孕婦與兒童福利4, maternal and child welfare

17、4, maternal and child welfare為保護(hù)和增進(jìn)孕婦及兒童的健康而設(shè)，并不分派現(xiàn)金，而是提為保護(hù)和增進(jìn)孕婦及兒童的健康而設(shè)，并不分派現(xiàn)金，而是提供健康服務(wù)。供健康服務(wù)。For the protection andpromotion of maternal and child health,is notdistributable cash,but to providehealth services.社會(huì)安全法案是全國(guó)性的，為保障所有人的權(quán)益而設(shè)立。除公共社會(huì)安全法案是全國(guó)性的，為保障所有人的權(quán)益而設(shè)立。除公共援助金外，大部分福利措施是不論貧富人人皆得的。值得一提的援助金外，

18、大部分福利措施是不論貧富人人皆得的。值得一提的是，社安局規(guī)定，領(lǐng)取社會(huì)安全金的人員不一定要住在美國(guó)境內(nèi)，是，社安局規(guī)定，領(lǐng)取社會(huì)安全金的人員不一定要住在美國(guó)境內(nèi)，以方便生活在海外的退休人士。以方便生活在海外的退休人士。The socialsecurity actis a national,set up toprotect the interests of all.In addition to public assistance,the majority of welfaremeasures for all irrespective of whohave.It is worth mentioni

19、ng that,the provisions of the social security board,to receive social security payments forpersonnel do not live in theUSAterritory,in order to facilitatethe retirees living abroad.除了社會(huì)安全法案所包括的上述福利政策之外，美國(guó)還有很多涉除了社會(huì)安全法案所包括的上述福利政策之外，美國(guó)還有很多涉及生活、工作各個(gè)方面的社會(huì)福利，比較常見的有以下幾類：及生活、工作各個(gè)方面的社會(huì)福利，比較常見的有以下幾類：In additi

20、on to thewelfare policy,includingthesocial security act,there are a lot oflife,USArelates toall aspects of the workof social welfare,the more common arethe following categories:、工作保險(xiǎn)、工作保險(xiǎn)One, job securityOne, job security1 1、失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)金、失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)金 (unemployment Insurance) (unemployment Insurance)1, unemploymen

21、t insurance (unemployment Insurance)1, unemployment insurance (unemployment Insurance)失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)金是一種保險(xiǎn)制度。每月從受保人工資中扣除部分來投失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)金是一種保險(xiǎn)制度。每月從受保人工資中扣除部分來投保，受保人一旦失業(yè)即可獲賠，獲賠金額一般是原工資的一半。保，受保人一旦失業(yè)即可獲賠，獲賠金額一般是原工資的一半。Unemployment insuranceis aninsurance system.Monthlywagesfrom theinsuredtothe insured,once the insured

22、unemployment can be compensated,the amount awardedishalf of the originalsalary.2 2、工人賠償金、工人賠償金( Workers Compensation Program)( Workers Compensation Program)2, workers compensation (Worker s Compensation Program)2, workers compensation (Worker s Compensation Program)由雇主向州政府或保險(xiǎn)公司投保，工人因工受傷即可申領(lǐng)。具體由雇主向州政

23、府或保險(xiǎn)公司投保，工人因工受傷即可申領(lǐng)。具體賠償金額和時(shí)期由雇主所交的保費(fèi)多少而定，同時(shí)也能報(bào)銷一定賠償金額和時(shí)期由雇主所交的保費(fèi)多少而定，同時(shí)也能報(bào)銷一定的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用。工人賠償金非美籍人士亦可申請(qǐng)，且不會(huì)影響他日的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用。工人賠償金非美籍人士亦可申請(qǐng)，且不會(huì)影響他日轉(zhuǎn)換身份或入籍。轉(zhuǎn)換身份或入籍。二二、生活補(bǔ)助、生活補(bǔ)助 (Public Service for Low Income Persons)Two,living allowance(PublicServiceforLowIncomePersons) )1 1、糧食券、糧食券( Food Stamp)( Food Stamp)1, fo

24、od coupons (Food Stamp)1, food coupons (Food Stamp)美國(guó)聯(lián)邦農(nóng)業(yè)部撥款給州政府發(fā)放糧食券，只可換取美國(guó)出美國(guó)聯(lián)邦農(nóng)業(yè)部撥款給州政府發(fā)放糧食券，只可換取美國(guó)出產(chǎn)的農(nóng)作物，不能換取金錢，以救濟(jì)收入低微的家庭。不過產(chǎn)的農(nóng)作物，不能換取金錢，以救濟(jì)收入低微的家庭。不過該補(bǔ)助只限美國(guó)公民。該補(bǔ)助只限美國(guó)公民。Ministry of agriculture,the federalfundingfor the state governmentUSAissuedfood stamps,onlyin exchange forAmericanproduce,not

25、for money,to the relief oflow incomefamilies.But the benefit is limited to American citizens.、學(xué)校提供的廉價(jià)或免費(fèi)膳食、學(xué)校提供的廉價(jià)或免費(fèi)膳食(School Lunch Program)(School Lunch Program)2,2,the schoolprovidesacheaporfreediet(SchoolLunchProgram) )這是政府為保證學(xué)童的身體健康而設(shè)立的全國(guó)性營(yíng)養(yǎng)膳食計(jì)劃。非美籍這是政府為保證學(xué)童的身體健康而設(shè)立的全國(guó)性營(yíng)養(yǎng)膳食計(jì)劃。非美籍人士也可受益。人士也可受益。T

26、his isthe governmentset up toensure the health of school childrensnutrition diet plan.Non American people can also benefit.3 3、家居能源補(bǔ)助計(jì)劃、家居能源補(bǔ)助計(jì)劃(Home Energy Assistance Program)(Home Energy Assistance Program)3,3, Home FurnishingEnergy Assistance Program(HomeEnergyAssistanceProgram)專為低收入家庭減輕煤電費(fèi)用而設(shè)，非美

27、籍人士也能享受。能源補(bǔ)助除專為低收入家庭減輕煤電費(fèi)用而設(shè)，非美籍人士也能享受。能源補(bǔ)助除幫助支付煤電費(fèi)外，還可代為修理暖爐、煤氣管等相關(guān)暖氣設(shè)備。幫助支付煤電費(fèi)外，還可代為修理暖爐、煤氣管等相關(guān)暖氣設(shè)備。Designed for lowincome familiesto reducethe cost ofacoal,non Americanscan enjoy.Energy subsidiesin addition tohelp pay theelectricityfees,but alsotorepairthe stove,gas pipes and other related heatin

28、g equipment.4 4、廉價(jià)公共房屋、廉價(jià)公共房屋( (Public Low Income Housing)4,cheappublic housing(PublicLowIncomeHousing)三、三、. .醫(yī)療補(bǔ)助醫(yī)療補(bǔ)助Three,Medicaid.1、醫(yī)藥補(bǔ)助、醫(yī)藥補(bǔ)助(Medicaid)1,medicalassistance(Medicaid)不同于醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)，醫(yī)藥補(bǔ)助是一個(gè)保健計(jì)劃，專為收入低微的家庭設(shè)立，可以同時(shí)享受不同于醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)，醫(yī)藥補(bǔ)助是一個(gè)保健計(jì)劃，專為收入低微的家庭設(shè)立，可以同時(shí)享受醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)，但只限于美國(guó)公民。醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)，但只限于美國(guó)公民。Different from themedical insurance,medical benefits,is ahealth care plan,designed forlow incomefamiliesto set up,you can also enjo