虛擬語(yǔ)氣及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題講解

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示一種假設(shè)的情況，或一種主觀的愿望，即動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)并非事實(shí)，或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式有下列幾種：一、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 連接詞條件從句結(jié)果從句If1.動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(或were)2.助動(dòng)詞（過(guò)去式）+動(dòng)詞原形Should Would +動(dòng)詞原形couldmightIf had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.二.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反連接詞條件從句結(jié)果從句If

2、1. should+動(dòng)詞原形2. 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式3、were to+動(dòng)詞原形ShouldWould +動(dòng)詞原形couldmightIf you should lose, what would you do?If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her thetruth.If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.三、與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反連接詞條件從句結(jié)果從句Ifhad+過(guò)去分詞Should Would + have+過(guò)去分詞couldmightIf Id known that it was

3、 going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.四、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的幾種特殊用法省掉if的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)：Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,)2.有時(shí)虛擬條件不用條件從句而用不定式、分詞、介詞、名詞、連接詞或定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示，如：A true friend would not do such a thing.(=If he were a true friend, he.)(=If there were no water,)(=If

4、 you hadnt helped me,)例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldnt have been so successfully. 過(guò)去 （=可轉(zhuǎn)換為：If there hadnt been your advice, we ） Your notes are almost illegible (難以辨認(rèn)的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. 將來(lái) (= 可轉(zhuǎn)換為：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to

5、 read.) I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.過(guò)去 (= 可轉(zhuǎn)換為：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he .) 3. 有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和結(jié)果從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，如：If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now.If I were you, I would have gone home.虛擬條件句的從句部分含有were,shou

6、ld,或had時(shí),可省略if，再把were,should或had移到從句的句首，實(shí)行倒裝。例如： Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.他們現(xiàn)在在的話，就會(huì)幫助我們了。 Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.你來(lái)得早一點(diǎn)，就碰到他了。 Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.假如下雨，莊稼

7、就有救了。 注意：在虛擬語(yǔ)氣的從句中，動(dòng)詞be的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)一律用were，不用was，即在從句中be用were代替。例如： IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你，就會(huì)去找他。 Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在這兒，一切都會(huì)好的。五、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他用法1、Suggest, advise 等動(dòng)詞之后賓語(yǔ)從句須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：suggest, advise, recommend, demand,require, insist, urge, request, order, +that(should )

8、+動(dòng)詞原形devide, ask, move, propose等注意：在此結(jié)構(gòu)中that不可省略；should省不省均可。He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.上述動(dòng)詞的名詞形式出現(xiàn)時(shí)，that 引導(dǎo)的從句仍用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.如果that 引導(dǎo)的從句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是事實(shí)，也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。He insists that he is right.insist和suggest是常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞，它們各自在詞義及用法上具有雙重性，弄不好會(huì)出錯(cuò)誤。 一、insis

9、t： A）作“堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為”解釋時(shí)，其后面的賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如： Iinsisted(toeveryone)thathewaswrong我對(duì)每個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他錯(cuò)了。 TheArabinsistedthathehadneverseenthecamel這阿拉伯人堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他從沒(méi)看見(jiàn)過(guò)這頭駱駝。 B）作“堅(jiān)決主張、堅(jiān)決要求”解釋時(shí)，其后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用（should）dosth。如： Iinsistedthathe（should）gotoseemyfather我堅(jiān)決要他去見(jiàn)我的父親。 TheArabinsistedthatthey（should）lookforthecamel這阿

10、拉伯人堅(jiān)持要他們?nèi)ふ疫@頭駱駝。 同時(shí)，我們也可以用insistonsth或insistondoingsth來(lái)表達(dá)上述的兩種意思。如： Iinsistedonmycorrectness（IinsistedthatIwascorrect）我堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為自己是對(duì)的。 Heinsistsonhisinnocence（Heinsiststhatheisinnocent）他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為自己無(wú)罪。 Weallinsistonnotrestinguntilwefinishthework（Weallinsistthatweshouldnotrestuntilwefinishthework）我們都堅(jiān)決要求不完工就不休息

11、。 Heinsistsonmybeingpresentatthemeeting（HeinsiststhatIshouldbepresentatthemeeting）他一定要我出席這個(gè)會(huì)議。 二、suggest： A）作“使想起、暗示、表明”解釋時(shí)，其后面的賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如： Herexpressionsuggestedthatshewasangry她的表情顯示出她生氣了。 Areyousuggestingthatheistoooldforthejob？你的意思是說(shuō)他年紀(jì)太大了而不能干這工作？ B）作“建議”解釋時(shí)，其后面的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也就是說(shuō)賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用（should）dos

12、th。如： Isuggestedthatshe（should）leaveearlyfortheairport我建議她早點(diǎn)兒動(dòng)身去機(jī)場(chǎng)。 HesuggestedthatI（should）wearajacket他建議我穿一件夾克衫。 我們也可以用suggest（oneones）doingsth來(lái)表達(dá)“建議”。如： Isuggestedourclassholdingameetingtodiscusstheproblem（Isuggestedthatourclassshouldholdameetingtodiscusstheproblem）我建議我們班開個(gè)班會(huì)討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 Hesuggestedpu

13、ttingoffthesportsmeettothenextweek（Hesuggestedthatthesportsmeetshouldbeputofftothenextweek）他建議運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)推遲到下周。2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引導(dǎo)的從句須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下： imperative, advisable, 動(dòng)詞完成式It is (was) + important, natural, necessary, essential, strange,等+that(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形It is important that you

14、 (should) follow the doctors orders.It is right that you should have done your homework.不是只能跟虛擬語(yǔ)氣的. 你要分清什么時(shí)候才用虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說(shuō)的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。如果不是表達(dá)那些意思的話是不用到虛擬語(yǔ)氣的例如:It is strange that he had made a mistake. 奇怪的是他犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。 這是一個(gè)陳述句，就是陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)：他犯了錯(cuò)誤讓人有點(diǎn)奇怪。 It is strange that he (should) hav

15、e made a mistake. 他居然犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，真令人奇怪。 這是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，說(shuō)話者是在責(zé)備他本不應(yīng)該犯錯(cuò)。 It is/was 形容詞/名詞that主語(yǔ)從句多數(shù)情況下用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表達(dá)一種要求，命令或者責(zé)備，但是如果只是表示陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)而不是強(qiáng)烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陳述語(yǔ)氣。 以下為詞典原句:(不過(guò)考試作文中建議你還是多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣) It is a shame that the rain spoiled our picnic. 真可惜，這場(chǎng)雨把我們的野餐給攪了。 It is a pity (that) he lost so much money. 他損失這麼多錢，真是遺憾。 He w

16、as a very brave man and it is surprising that he lived so long. 他是一個(gè)非常勇敢的人，而令人驚訝的是他活得那麼長(zhǎng)命。 It is strange that nobody knows where he lives . 真奇怪，誰(shuí)也不知道他住在哪里。 附：虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在主語(yǔ)從句中有以下幾種情況： 1.在句型 It is important (necessary, strange, impossible, natural) that . 中，that后面的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用：(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形。 如： Its necessar

17、y that we should have a walk now. 我們有必要出去散散步。 Its natural that she should do so. 她這樣做是很自然的。 Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。 2.在句型It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, better) that . 中，that 后面的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用: (should) + 動(dòng)詞原形。 如： It was a great pity that you (should) h

18、ave made so many mistakes in your math exercise. 太遺憾了，你居然在數(shù)學(xué)練習(xí)中犯了那么多錯(cuò)誤 It will be better that she stay with her grandmother. 她和她的祖母在一起就好了。 3.在句型It is suggested (requested, proposed, ordered) that . 中，that 后面的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用：(should) + 動(dòng)詞原形。 如： It was suggested that the sports meet be put off until next Sa

19、turday. 大家建議把運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)推遲到下星期六。 It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 希望我們到今晚將一切準(zhǔn)備就緒。 It was ordered that the medicine be sent there by plane. 命令馬上用飛機(jī)把藥送往那里. (個(gè)人認(rèn)為上面的第3種情況基本都要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，因?yàn)檫@里都是表示命令或要求，而第1和第2兩種則視說(shuō)話者要表達(dá)的意思決定。)3、wish的用法動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式或were與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反主語(yǔ)+wish(that)+主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去完成式與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反助動(dòng)詞過(guò)

20、去試+動(dòng)詞原形與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer.)I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)I wish theyd let us get some sleep.注意：wish與hope接賓語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別在于：hope表示一般可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。wish表示很難或不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望,賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。試比較：（1） We hope they will come,(We dont

21、 know if they can come.)（2） We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引導(dǎo)的從句須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如：as if (though)連接的從句，即可表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)時(shí)間的虛擬，又可鏢是對(duì)過(guò)去時(shí)間的虛擬，具體句型：主句+as if (though)+主語(yǔ)+01.were/過(guò)去時(shí) 表示與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生02.could/would +動(dòng)詞原形表示動(dòng)作可能在將來(lái)發(fā)生03.had+過(guò)去分詞表示從句謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前eg.

22、 He treats me as if i were a stranger. She talks about it again and again as if she would never end. They talked as if they had been friends for years. He acts as if nothing had happened.I would rather you didnt tell him.would rather后接that從句,從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣, 即用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或 狀態(tài)。 would rat

23、her had done 沒(méi)有這個(gè)用法如果只涉及主語(yǔ)本人而不涉及另一個(gè)人，則would rather之后不接that從句而接have done結(jié)構(gòu)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣 表示對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 例 I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night. 我真希望昨天晚上去看了戲而不是呆在家里。5、Its (high) time that+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式或should+動(dòng)詞原形，如：Its time (that) you had a hair cut.Its high time (that) we took some action. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣

24、專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題(1). If I_you, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster. A. be B. was C. were D. am(2). I do not think those people are really English. If they were, they_speakwith French accents. A. dont B. will not C. mustnt D. wouldnt(3)_today, would we be able to get there by Tuesday? A. Were we leaving

25、B. If we leave C. Would we leave D. Were we to leave(4). If Jone_tomorrow, what would you do? A. were not to come B. will not come C. would not come D. had not come(5). “She didnt ask me, so I didnt help her.”“You mean to say_, you wouldve helped her ?” A. if she asked you B. if she were to ask you

26、C.had she asked you C. were she to ask you(6). They took the injured straight to the hospital. Otherwise some of them_. A. might have died B. might die C. would die D. could die(7). If they had known him,_to him? A. would they have talked B. would they talk C.had they talked D. they would talk(8). I

27、f I lived in the city, I_travel in croweded buses, but I_to see lots of films. A. shall have to/shall be able B. shall have to/am able C. would have to/were able D. would have to/would be able(9). I would have gone to the concert, if I_time. A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had(10). _I kn

28、own it, I would have told you. A. Have B. If C. Had D. Having(11)._your help, I would not have succeeded. A. Because B. Because of C. But D. But for(12). “What did Mr Smith say about his career?”“Only that if he_ a millionaire, he would have fewer worries.” A. did not become B. had not become C. doe

29、s not become D. has not become(13). “Why didnt you help him?”“I would have_ I didnt have the money.” A. still B. but C. otherwise D. or(14). “Who should go to see Li Ying? He is ill today.” “I suggest Wang Hong_.” A. goes B. would go C. go D. went(15). The housemaster was strict. He requested that w

30、e_television on week nights. A. not watch B. must not to watch C. not be watching D. have not watch(16). I cant speak Japanese, but I do wish I_. A. can B. could C. had D. speak(17). “Are you enjoying your stay here?“Yes, very much. I wish I_ have to leave so soon.” A. wont B. dont C. mustnt D. didn

31、t(18). “What will you do during the summer holidays?”“I dont know, but its about time_on something.” A. Im deciding B. Ill decide C. I decided D. Id decidedwish的用法動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式或were與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反主語(yǔ)+wish(that)+主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去完成式與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反助動(dòng)詞過(guò)去試+動(dòng)詞原形與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer.)I wis

32、h I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)I wish theyd let us get some sleep.注意：wish與hope接賓語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別在于：hope表示一般可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。wish表示很難或不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望,賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。試比較：（1） We hope they will come,(We dont know if they can come.)（2） We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)(

33、19). Id rather you_ anything about it for the time being. For the time being暫時(shí);眼下,目前Lets share the room for the time being. 我們暫時(shí)合住一個(gè)房間吧! Lets do it just for the time being. 我們暫時(shí)這么做吧。would rather后可跟從句，表示主語(yǔ)寧愿讓某人干某事。從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)要做的事；用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去要做的事。如： Id rather she set out to do the work n

34、ow. 我寧愿她現(xiàn)在就著手做這項(xiàng)工作。 Id rather you met her at the airport tomorrow morning. 但愿你明天早上能在機(jī)場(chǎng)見(jiàn)到她。 Id rather you hadnt told him the news that day. 我真希望你那天沒(méi)有把那消息告訴他。 A. say B. didnt say C. dont say D. not say(20). “Why do you have to be there at six?” “The teacher demands that everyone_in his seat at six.” A

35、. would be B. can be C. be D. will be(21). He makes a note of the assignment lest he_it. A. forgets B. forget C. will forget D. will not forget(22). “how does the librarian (圖書管理員) act?”“He acts as if he_a walking dictionary.” A. were B. be C. is D. has beenas if (though)連接的從句，即可表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)時(shí)間的虛擬，又可鏢是對(duì)過(guò)

36、去時(shí)間的虛擬，具體句型：主句+as if (though)+主語(yǔ)+01.were/過(guò)去時(shí) 表示與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生02.could/would +動(dòng)詞原形表示動(dòng)作可能在將來(lái)發(fā)生03.had+過(guò)去分詞表示從句謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前eg. He treats me as if i were a stranger. She talks about it again and again as if she would never end. They talked as if they had been friends for years. He acts as if nothing had hap

37、pened.I would rather you didnt tell him.(23). There is a law that drunken drivers_ severely punished. 酒后駕車將受到法律制裁 A. were B. are C. be D. will be(24). I wish you_interrupt when Im talking on the phone. A. will not B. would not C. do not D. did not(25). Henry talks to his dog as if it _him. A. unders

38、tands B. understood C. understand D. would understand(26). Jeff looked as if he_a ghost. A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. would see(27). Give her my best regards, _. A. should you see her today虛擬語(yǔ)氣，對(duì)將來(lái)進(jìn)行虛擬用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)should 這里表示萬(wàn)一。 B. if you saw her today C. if you would see her today D. should you have

39、seen her today (28). There was a suggestion by the teachers that the meeting_postponed for a week. A. had been B. would be C. was D. should be(29). It is highly desirable that every effort_to reduce pollution in Bei jing. A. was made B. be made C. will be made D. would be made (30). The manager woul

40、d rather that his wife_work in the same office as he dose. A. does not B. did not C. would not D. will not(31). The teacher insisted that we all_ back by two oclock. A. be B. to be C. would be D. shall be(32). I didnt go to the football match, but I do wish I_there. A. went B. was C. were D.had been

41、(33). It is high time we_drug trafficking.(販毒) A. did away with( do away with 廢除;去掉 They decided to do away with the rule. 他們決定廢除這條規(guī)則。 B. do away with C. did away D. should do away with 虛擬語(yǔ)氣專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題參考答案（1）C (2) D (3) D (4) A (5) C (6) A (7) A (8) D (9) A (10) C(11) D (12) B (13) B (14) C (15) A (16) B

42、(17) D (18) C (19) B(20) C (21) B (22) A (23) C (24) B (25) B (26) C (27) A (28) D(29) B (30) B (31) A (32) D (33) A虛擬語(yǔ)氣練習(xí) 1.Everything _ if Albert hadnt called the fire brigade. fire brigade n. 消防隊(duì)a.will be destroyed b. will have been destroyed b.would be destroyed d. would have been destroyed 2.If

43、 you hadnt gone with Tom to the party last night,_. a.you would meet John already b. you wont have missed John c.you will have met John d. you would have met John 3.Supposing this ship _ , do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers? a. was sinking b. has sunk c. were to s

44、ink d. sunk 4.The insects would devour（耗盡） all our crops and kill our flocks and heads (牛羊), if _ for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. （食用昆蟲的動(dòng)物）a. it is not b. it were not c. were it not d. they were not 5.The teacher suggested that each student _ a plan for the vacation. a. made b.

45、 make c. makes d. will make 6.Frankly, Id rather you _ anything about it for the time being. a. do b. dont do c. didnt do d. will not do 7.After the way she treated you, if I _ in your place. 如果我處在你的位置上，那么她怎么對(duì)你，我就怎么對(duì)她a. be b. am c. was d. were 8.The idea is that the nation _ an unmanned spacecraft t

46、o explore the planet first. a. sent b. sends c. send d. must send 9.Its high time you _. a. start to work b. would start to work c. started to work d. had started to work 10.“If I hadnt practiced when I was younger,” the musician says,“I _ able to play so well now.” a. wouldnt be b. wont be c. would

47、nt have been d. couldnt have been 11.It is imperative that you _ there in person. a. are b. were c. be d. will be 12.The atomic structure is, _, a miniature solar system. a. as if it were b. as if they were ( 可以說(shuō)，在一定程度上) c. as it were d. as if are 13.We required that the machine parts _ cast iron. a

48、. is made of b. be made from c. be made of d. is made by 14.The management urged that the cost of production _. a.to be further reduced b. was further reduced b.be further reduced d. should further reduced 15.The business is risky. But _ we would be rich. a. should we succeed b. we should succeed c.

49、 might we succeed d. would we succeed 16.I wish our teacher _ to give another test. I havent got prepared yet. a. isnt going b. werent going c. will not going d. could have gone 17.I wish I _ to the movies with you last night. a. went b. did go c. could go d. could have gone 18.Id just as soon _ rud

50、ely to her. 1. I would just as soon stay at home .我寧愿呆在家里.(與不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式連用時(shí),表示一般可實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望)2. I would as soon you didt tell me about that.我寧愿你不曾告訴我這件事.(與從句連用時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式,表明是虛擬語(yǔ)氣)a. that you wont speak b. your not speaking c. you not speak d. you didnt speak 19.If I _ in the twenty-first century, I _ my vac

51、ation in a very different way. a. should livewould spend b. will live .should spend c. are living should have spent d. will be livingwould have spent 20.It is required that the machine _ as frequently as necessary. a. be oiled b. must be oiled c. is oiled d. will oil 21.His English teacher recommend

52、s that he _ a regular degree program. a. begins b. begin c. will begin d. is beginning 22.We prefer that the plan _ before being put into execution. a.is fully discussed b. must be fully discussed c.be fully discussed d. will be fully discussed 23.What do you think of his proposal that improvements _ in the old type of vacuum cleaner? a. be made b. will be made c. would be made d. will have to be made 24.The doctors advice is that the patient _ about his real physical condition. a.be not told b. not be told c. will