高中英語(yǔ)常用的派生詞

1、 構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法1. 常見(jiàn)形容詞后綴：常見(jiàn)形容詞后綴： -al -ous -ful -able -ary -ant -ent -y -ed -en -ing -ly -cal -al central social cultural normal agricultural natural -ous humorous mountainous ambiguous adventurous religious ambitious-ful plentiful meaningful mouthful pitiful -able suitable reliable comfortable changeable

2、usable profitable miserable-y handy salty tasty thirsty rainy cloudy muddy -ant/-ent important excellent -ive passive creative protective decisive supportive attractive， talkative，restrictive，defensive，preventive，constructive，sensitive( -tive representative (n)-en woolen wooden golden -less stainles

3、s homeless careless tasteless-ual habitual spiritual -cal medical theoretical skeptical electrical typical -ed gifted/talented detailed aged determined worried limited crowded married engaged balanced exhausted organized heated mixed worn torn drunken -ing challenging/demanding/promising/appealing/c

4、onvincing / caring(充滿充滿 愛(ài)心的）愛(ài)心的）loving/freezing/coming/following/disturbing/rewarding/lasting -ary voluntary military -some tiresome troublesome handsome -ly lonely lively lovely costly elderly deadly ugly silly likely brotherly manly friendly timely 注意：注意：early daily weekly monthly yearly 既是既是形容詞也是

5、副詞形容詞也是副詞 straight late hard late/lately hard/hardly most/mostly close/closely wide/widelydeep/deeply2. 常見(jiàn)名詞后綴：常見(jiàn)名詞后綴：-ness -ment -tion -ity -ant -ence -ance -er -or -ist -ant -hood -ship -ology -tizen -ness sadness homelessness carelessness hopelessness -ment basement unemployment excitement disapp

6、ointment amazement encouragement assessment appointment -ity ability possibility -tion satisfaction urbanization industrialization modernization liberalization-ance attendance acceptance guidance insurance annoyance assistance -er taxpayer typewriter/cooker/air-conditioner container dresser carrier

7、laughter shower thriller sticker(貼畫）貼畫） receiver(電話聽(tīng)筒）電話聽(tīng)筒）注意注意：guide(向?qū)В┫驅(qū)В?cheat(騙子）騙子）judge(法官法官,裁判，評(píng)委）裁判，評(píng)委） cook（廚師）（廚師）-or instructor actor translator creator calculator sponsor director sailor -ar lie-liar beg-beggar burglar grammar -ee referee employee examinee 參加考試者、受試參加考試者、受試人人(被監(jiān)考者）被監(jiān)考者）

8、interviewee-ant consultant assistant participant-ist cyclist receptionist specialist violinist physicist 物理學(xué)家，物理學(xué)家， journalist新聞?dòng)浾?，新聞?dòng)浾?，dentist 牙牙醫(yī)，醫(yī)， instrumentalist樂(lè)器演奏家樂(lè)器演奏家/ 樂(lè)器家，樂(lè)器家， -ian historian 歷史學(xué)家歷史學(xué)家 ， technician技術(shù)員，技術(shù)員， 技師，技師，vegetarian 食素者食素者 magician-ence convenience existence violence

9、 consequence independence competence intelligence insistence-th growth strength truth youth -ship partnership ownership friendship scholarship relationship leadership-ology ecology biology psychology futurology geology(地質(zhì)學(xué)）地質(zhì)學(xué)）-tizen Netizen citizen-proof waterproof windproof -hood意為：時(shí)期（意為：時(shí)期（status

10、；etc）例詞：）例詞：boyhood，childhood，manhood, neibourhood5. 常見(jiàn)否定前綴：常見(jiàn)否定前綴：dis-disagreement dishonest dislike disappear disorder discourage dishonorable（不光彩的）（不光彩的）in- inexperience inconvenience inequality inability inexpensive inactive informal invisible indirect incorrect inaccurate（不準(zhǔn)確的）（不準(zhǔn)確的） un- unwill

11、ing unfamiliar unimportant unpleasant unable untrue unfinished（未完成的）（未完成的）undoubted（無(wú)疑的）（無(wú)疑的） unbalance(失去平衡）失去平衡）im- impatient improper impossible ir- irregularil- illegal illiterate（文盲的，無(wú)文化的）（文盲的，無(wú)文化的）illogical（不合邏輯的）（不合邏輯的） non-加在形容詞，名詞前加在形容詞，名詞前 non-existence（不存在），（不存在），non-essential（不主要的），（不主要的

12、），non-electrical（非電的）（非電的）3. 常見(jiàn)副詞后綴：常見(jiàn)副詞后綴： -ly -ward -ly simply possibly truly ( 去去e) / immediately closely accurately fortunately increasingly -ward eastward forward backward downward(s) afterwards-way sideways midways 4. 常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞后綴：常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞后綴：-en -fy-en lessen worsen deepen sharpen strengthen weaken shor

13、ten lengthen widen darken brighten ripen-ize意為：使意為：使，變得，變得modernize，popularize，legalize，hospitalize，symbolize-fy beatify simplify classify clarify -er lower(降低）降低）部分常見(jiàn)前綴：部分常見(jiàn)前綴：co（共同）（共同）- coexist(共存）共存） cooperation 合作合作coaction 共同行動(dòng)共同行動(dòng) coeducation 男女同校男女同校 co-worker 共同工共同工作者作者co-founder共同創(chuàng)立者共同創(chuàng)立者c

14、opartner 合伙人合伙人 coauthor書的合書的合著者之一著者之一extra-以外，超過(guò)以外，超過(guò) extraofficial 職權(quán)以外的職權(quán)以外的extrapoliticial 政治外的，超政治的政治外的，超政治的extracurriculum 課外的課外的extraordinary 格外的格外的extraprofessional 職業(yè)以外的職業(yè)以外的extrasolar 太陽(yáng)系以外的太陽(yáng)系以外的bi-兩、二兩、二biweekly 雙周刊雙周刊 bilingual 兩種語(yǔ)言的兩種語(yǔ)言的 bicolour 兩色的兩色的bicycle 自行車自行車 bifacial 兩面一樣的兩面一樣

15、的by-旁、側(cè)，非正式，副旁、側(cè)，非正式，副byroad 小路，僻徑小路，僻徑by-product 副產(chǎn)品副產(chǎn)品 bywork 業(yè)余工業(yè)余工作作 byname 別名，綽號(hào)別名，綽號(hào)bystreet 旁街，僻街旁街，僻街by-business 副業(yè)副業(yè) bypath 小道，僻徑小道，僻徑 bytime 余暇，閑暇余暇，閑暇ex- exit export escape circu(m)-（環(huán)繞的）（環(huán)繞的） circumstance circuit circulate fore- forecast foretell forefather forehead foresee foreman(工頭）工頭

16、） foremost（最重要的）（最重要的） pre- pre-reading preview prewar prepay prehistory preschool prepackaged post- postwar postscript(附言）附言） post-1990 generation (九零后）九零后）out- outside outlook outwardinter- international interaction interpersonal interschool mid- midway midday midnight midwave(中波）中波） midwall(間隔墻）間

17、隔墻） mediterranean（地中海）（地中海） mini- minibus miniskirt mal-(表錯(cuò)誤意義）表錯(cuò)誤意義） malfunction maladjustment(失失調(diào)）調(diào)）super- supertanker (超大油輪）超大油輪）supermarket superman superstar tri- tricycle triangle triple(三倍的）三倍的）bi- bicycle biliteral( 雙邊的）雙邊的）mono-monotonous (單調(diào)的）單調(diào)的）monologue (獨(dú)白）獨(dú)白） monoxide(一氧化物）一氧化物）uni- u

18、niform由常見(jiàn)前綴由常見(jiàn)前綴uni-（表示（表示“單、一單、一”）和詞）和詞根根form（形式）構(gòu)成。其他由前綴（形式）構(gòu)成。其他由前綴uni-構(gòu)成的詞還有如構(gòu)成的詞還有如unicorn（獨(dú)角獸）、（獨(dú)角獸）、unicellular（單細(xì)胞組成的）（單細(xì)胞組成的）union united unite trans- transform transport translate Multi- multitask multimedia multifunction En- enlarge enrich encourage endanger enclose enforce Re- regain reu

19、nion readjust replace Self- self-evident adj. 不證自明的不證自明的; 不言而喻的不言而喻的self-centered self-employed self-served self-reliance (自力更生）自力更生）semi- semicircle semi-final mis- misunderstand misuse mislead misfortune anti- antiwar antiknock( 防震）防震） antiforeign(排外的）排外的）dis-（表反動(dòng)作）（表反動(dòng)作） discourage discharge dismiss disconnect disarmde-(在下，向下）在下，向下） decrease degrade(degraded products(次品）次品）in- inside inland import 7.加前后綴：加前后綴：unsuitable unbearable unforgettable uncomfortable unacceptable unaffordable unimaginable unfortunately