主從復(fù)合句專(zhuān)題練習(xí)

1、主從復(fù)合句講解及專(zhuān)題練習(xí)名詞從句在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。它包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。分析歷屆高考試題名詞性從句考查的焦點(diǎn)主要有以下六個(gè)方面： 1. 考查名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題;2. 考查引導(dǎo)詞that與what的區(qū)別; 3. 考查it在名詞性從句中作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)的用法; 4. 考查whether與if的區(qū)別; 5. 考查名詞性從句中的疑問(wèn)詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句與no matter+疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別; 6. 考查名詞性從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣問(wèn)題。主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句在整個(gè)句子中所起的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞。因此，這四種從句通稱(chēng)為名

2、詞性從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類(lèi)： 連接詞：that, whether, if, as if, as though, because（不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分） 連接代詞：what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever 連接副詞：when, where, why, how (一) 主語(yǔ)從句作句子主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)從句通常由連接詞和連接代詞以及連接副詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無(wú)詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問(wèn)含義、陳述意義, 又起連接作用，充當(dāng)從句的成分。如：What he wants

3、to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說(shuō)什么，還不清楚。It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)將在哪里舉行，還沒(méi)有宣布。有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語(yǔ)it代替主語(yǔ)從句作形式主語(yǔ)放于句首，而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句末。主語(yǔ)從句后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下： 1. It + be + 名詞 + that從句2. It + be + 形容詞 + th

4、at從句 3. It + be + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 + that從句4. It + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + that 從句另注意在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that(二) 賓語(yǔ)從句名詞從句中用作賓語(yǔ)的從句

5、叫賓語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞語(yǔ)大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。 1. 在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語(yǔ)從句常用“（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形”。如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.司令員命

6、令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。 2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問(wèn)句，應(yīng)注意句子語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序。如：I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well.她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要幫助的人，她都會(huì)給予熱情

7、的支持。 3. 用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，其主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語(yǔ)序。此外，whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if：(1) 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在句首時(shí)；(2) 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；(3) 引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)；(4) 從句后有“or not”時(shí)；(5) 后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。如:Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上是否生命是個(gè)有趣的問(wèn)題。Everything depends on whether we have enough mon

8、ey. 一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢(qián)。(三) 表語(yǔ)從句在句中作表語(yǔ)的從句叫表語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語(yǔ)從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后，有時(shí)用as if引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + that從句。如：The fact is that we have lost the game. 事實(shí)是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場(chǎng)比賽。 That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他為什么不到會(huì)的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句要用tha

9、t引導(dǎo)而不是because。如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning (四) 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語(yǔ)從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有advice, demand, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, problem, promise, question, request, suggestion, truth, wish, word等。如：

10、The news that we won the game is exciting.我們贏得這場(chǎng)比賽的消息令人激動(dòng)。I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能瑪麗生病了。同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別： that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略； that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，起連詞的作用，沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。 試比較下面兩個(gè)例句: I had n

11、o idea that you were here（that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，不能省略）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略）定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1. 先行詞是人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)用who，作賓語(yǔ)用whom或who，作定語(yǔ)用whose；先行詞是物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)都用which，作定語(yǔ)用of which或whose均可。在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中which, who, whom都可用that代替。關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常被省略。2. 在非限制性定

12、語(yǔ)從句中，或者當(dāng)先行詞是指人的those, anyone, everyone, people, he, all, few, one(s)等時(shí)，通常不用that引導(dǎo)。3. 以下情況下只能用或多用that：(1) 當(dāng)先行詞是指物的all, little, few, much, any, anything, everything, nothing, none, the one時(shí)，或先行詞被all, little, few, much, any, every, no等修飾時(shí)。(2) 先行詞是序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)形容詞時(shí)，或者先行詞被序數(shù)詞(包括last, next)、最高級(jí)形容詞及the only, the

13、 very等修飾時(shí)。(3) 先行詞包括人和物時(shí)。關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1. 當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因(且只能是reason)，且這些先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，就分別用when，where，why來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。2. when, where, why一般可用“介詞+which”替代，其中reason后的why通常用for which替代。3. 如果定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或者定語(yǔ)，即盡管先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、或原因的，但他們?cè)诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中不是作語(yǔ)，而是作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)時(shí)，也不能用關(guān)系副詞 (when, where, why)，而要用關(guān)系代詞。狀語(yǔ)從句1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：w

14、hen, while, as, before, after, once, till, until, since, as soon as, now that, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, no soonerthan,有一些表示時(shí)間的副詞（短語(yǔ)）或名詞短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如：directly, instantly, immediately, by the time，the moment, the second, the minute, the instant, every time, each time, next time, the last time等。2. 原因狀語(yǔ)

15、從句由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：as（由于）,because(因?yàn)?, since（既然）,now (that) (既然), considering that（顧及到）, seeing that（由于）。3. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere。4. 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：that，sothat，so that（從句中不帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞），suchthat，with the result that等。5. 目的狀語(yǔ)從句由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：so that, in order that, for fear that等。目的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與情

16、態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could, may, might, should連用（so that也可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，但從句中不帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）6. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句分為真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句（用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中）。表示條件的狀語(yǔ)從句可以由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：if（如果），unless（除非）， in case（萬(wàn)一），so /as long as（只要），as/ so far as（就而言）， on condition that（條件是），provided（假設(shè)），suppose（假設(shè)），supposing（假設(shè)）。7. 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：although, though, as, even if, e

17、ven though, while, whetheror, whoever, whatever, however, no matter+疑問(wèn)詞等。8. 方式狀語(yǔ)從句由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：as, as if, as though, the way等。Do it the way you were told.注意以下幾點(diǎn)： (1) as引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)意義為“按照”，“如同”，前面常用加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)勢(shì)。如：I did it just as you told me.(2) as if和as though 引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語(yǔ)常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，有時(shí)也用陳述語(yǔ)氣。(3) 連詞while 和whereas 可表示對(duì)比。如：W

18、hereas he is rather lazy, she is quite energetic.9. 比較狀語(yǔ)從句由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：asas, not asas, not soas, than等。主從復(fù)合句專(zhuān)題練習(xí)一、單項(xiàng)選擇1. She will give_ needs help a warm support. A. what B. whichC. whoever D. whom2. _ she needs is to have a good rest. A. That B. What C. Whoever D. The things what3. They couldnt understa

19、nd _ I refused. A. what B. whyC. that D. where4. _ shall finish the work before May Day is possible. A. What we B. That we C. Because we D. We5. The difficulty lies in _we have no money. A. thatB. whichC. the fact D. the fact that6. Father asked _. A. what was wrong with me B. whats wrong with me C.

20、 what wrong was with me D. what wrong is with me 7. Barack Obama delivered a speech to 500 local youths during his visit to China, many of _ were from Fudan University and Tongji University.A. them B. whom C. which D. those8. Most of us still wonder _ it is _ makes those honest peasant workers, with

21、out being paid at all, resign themselves to the bosses.A. what; that B. /; what C. that; what D. /; that9. Do you have any idea of rugby（橄欖球運(yùn)動(dòng)）? Abosolutely. It is a sport _ players hold the ball and run with it. A. which B. when C. why D. where10. It was the very place _ the soldiers fought over si

22、xty years ago.A. that B. which C. where D. there11. Hardly _ when the bus suddenly pulled away.A. they had got to the bus stop B. they got to the bus stopC. did they get to the bus stop D. had they got to the bus stop12. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced_ tractors in 1998

23、as the year before.A. as many twice B. as twice as many C. twice as many D. twice as many as13. You can fly to UK this morning _ you dont mind changing planes in Hong Kong.A. because B. provided C. unless D. so far as14. _ occurred to me that the murder happened _ a rainy day. A. What; in B. What; o

24、n C. It; in D. It; on15. The old man has a son and two daughters, _ treating him well, _ makes him sad.A. none of them; which B. and none of whom; thatC. none of whom; which D. and none of them; that16. Was it in Disneyland, _ many cartoon characters can be seen, _ the film was set?A. that; where B.

25、 that; when C. in which; where D. where; that17. _ she had time to realize what was happening, she was hit on the head.A. Since B. Before C. When D. Until18. _ you have expressed your determination, you should act immediately.A. Now that B. Even though C. In order that D. Until19. Youd better give t

26、he task to_ you think can finish it ahead of time.A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D. no matter who20. Will you go to Marys birthday party?No. _ invited, I cant go. Ill be too busy then.A. If B. Unless C. Even if D. When21. annoyed him most was that he had received no apology.A. How B. Why C. What D

27、. Which22. He had to be reminded two or three times _ he could avoid making the same mistake. A. before B. when C. until D. as 23. I dont say I am against their plan. But the trouble is _ _ they do doesnt agree with（與一致） what they say. 高.考源.A. what that B. that what C. if what D. what if24. It was s

28、hortly after that serious accident happened _ all the people involved were caught and questioned. A. since B. that C. before D. when 25. Lucy was having a holiday with her friend in a national park _ she was bitten on the foot by a snake. A. while B. since C. once D. when 26._ youve tried it, you ca

29、nt imagine how pleasant it is.A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When27. The game is not very difficult you understand the roles. A. until B. though C. once D. unless28. The conference aims to develop business and let people think about _ they can have a positive influence on the planet.A. why B. t

30、hat C. what D. how29. It was the training _he had at school _made him good jumper A. what；what B. that；that C. what；that D. that；what 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空1. My cousin asked me I could lend him the Chinese novel. 2. The fact he was successful proves his ability. 3. is a fact that English is being accepted as an

31、international language. 4. They have no idea at all he has gone. 5. is because Mathematics is the base of all other sciences. 6. The reason why he hasnt come is his mother is ill. 7. leaves the room last ought to turn off the light. 8. Its uncertain the experiment is worth doing. 9. I have will be y

32、ours sooner or later. 10. Ill eat you give me. 11. I cant understand is he wants to change his mind. 12. I will accept the gift is none of your business. 13. We could see the tower clearly from we were standing. 14. there is life on another planet is almost impossible. 15. The demand the workers ask

33、 for higher wages seemed reasonable. 16. Has it been announced the planes are to take off?17. The trouble is we are short of tools. 18. It is possible he misunderstood I said. 19. The fact he is an orphan is well known. 20. Comrade Wang is to give us a talk on he saw and heard in Britain. 21. The pr

34、oblem is will go. 22. he has done has nothing to do with us. 23. That is we were absent last time. 24. is announced, all the schools will reopen soon. 25._ is announced that all the schools will reopen soon. 26. The number of people _ were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.27. All _ glitte

35、rs（閃光；發(fā)光） is not gold.28. One _ laughs last laughs best.29. This is the boy_ mother is a teacher.30. Id like the room_ window looks out over the sea.31. Those _ want to see the movie should book the tickets in advance.32. This is the very book _ I am looking for.33. He will tell you everything _ he

36、heard about.34. This novel, _ I have read three times, is very touching.35. Do you know the professor_ is speaking at the meeting?36. Ill never forget the day _ I played there. 37. Ill never forget the day _I spent there.38. The school _ I learned English was very large.39. The school _ I visited ye

37、sterday was very large.40. I study at a school _ reputation has begun to extend beyond South China.41. Can you tell me the reason _ you were absent today?42. The reason _ he gave for not coming was that his mother didnt allow him to.43. Ill never forget the day _ which I worked with you.44. Ill neve

38、r forget the days _ which I worked with you.45. The school _ which I learned judo was very large.46. The school _ which I was sent was very large.47. What was the reason _ which you visited the city?48. I have many friends, _ whom some are businessmen.49. They will visit the farm_ which my brother w

39、orks.50. Water is very important for us _ which we can not live. 三、寫(xiě)作運(yùn)用(翻譯句子，劃出從句) (一)Hello, everyone! Let me tell you something about our school and our teachers that you may be interested in. Our school is a beautiful and quiet place, behind which lies a lake. Our school, which has an area of more

40、 than 500 acres, was built in 2010.There are more than 300 teachers in our school, 70% of whom are women teachers. Besides, there are more than 5000 students, half of whom are girl students.(二)So worried was the author that he found it difficult to rid himself of concerns and worries. However, while

41、 sitting by a lake and enjoying the peace of nature, he felt at peace with himself. The experience of the author reminds me of my years in high school, which is a very worrying time for us students. Endless examinations and expectation from parents and teachers are the main causes of my concerns and

42、 worries. Sometimes, I am too worried to focus on my studies. Worse still, my health also suffers a great deal. Since too much worry has a bad effect on our studies and lives, effective means should be taken to deal with it. As for me, I usually share my feelings with people around me, like my paren

43、ts, teachers or friends. Besides, I often free myself from worries by listening to music or doing physical activities. If I still cannot rid myself of worries, Ill have a good cry and then try to concentrate on my studies. When we are free of worries, we can become healthier, study more efficiently

44、and get along better with other people. In a word, only when we have a good mood can we grow up happily and healthily. (三) While looking for a job, the author suffered one failure after another, which made him feel very disappointed. It was his mothers encouragement that inspired him to go on trying until he succeeded. The story reminds me of the similar experience of the famous poet Li Bai. His life