高中英語被動語態(tài)講解與練習

1、高中英語被動語態(tài)講解一、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式1. 被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)的被動形式, 被動語態(tài)由be過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時態(tài)的變化而變 化。以do為例，各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為：1) am/is/are +done (過去分詞) 一般現(xiàn)在時例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2） has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.3） am/is /ar

2、e being done 現(xiàn)在進行時例A new cinema is being built here4） was/were done 一般過去時例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5） had been done 過去完成時例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6） was/were being done 過去進行時例A meeting was being held whe

3、n I was there.7） shall/will be done/ be going to be done/ be about to be done/ be to be to done一般將來時例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8） should/would be done/ waswere going to be done/ waswere about to be done/waswere to be to done一般將來時例The news would be sent to the soldiers mothe

4、r as soon as it arrived.9） shall/will have been done 將來完成時（少用）例The project will have been completed before July.10） should/would have been done 過去將來完成時（少用）例He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.2. 被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞。例The baby should be taken good care of

5、 by the baby-sitter.2) 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z， 另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3) 當“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動。例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為The boy w

6、as caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加to。例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5) 有些相當于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如“動詞介詞”，“動詞副詞”等，也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的

7、介詞或副詞也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3. 非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動語態(tài)(一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)) 。例I dont like being laughed at in the public.二、 It is said that+從句及其他類似句型一些表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”的動詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe過去分詞that從句”或“主語be過去分詞to do sth.”。有：It is

8、 said that 據(jù)說,It is reported that據(jù)報道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that眾所周知，It is thought that大家認為，It is suggested that據(jù)建議。例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）三、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義1.英語中有很多動詞如 break，cat

9、ch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式 表達被動意義,主語通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主動語態(tài)表被動強調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動語態(tài)則強調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較：The door wont lock （指門本身有毛?。㏕he door wont be locked （指不會有人來鎖門, 指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）2. 表示“發(fā)生、進行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen, last, take place, break out,

10、 come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動形式表示被動意義。例 How do the newspapers come out? 這些報紙是如何引出來的呢？3. 系動詞沒有被動形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動意義。 例Your reason sounds reasonable.四、非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義 。1 在need，want，require, b

11、ear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當于動詞不定式的被動形式。The house needs repairing（to be repaired）這房子需要修理。2 形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。例The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read）3. 動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關(guān)系時，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, 不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。例

12、I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do與things是動賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。)試比較：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此處用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。)4. 在某些“形容詞不定式”做表語或賓語補足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pl

13、easant，interesting等。例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.5 在too to結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應(yīng)用主動形式表示被動意義。例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.6. 在there be句型中，當動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時，不定式用主動式作定語，重點在人，用被動形式作定語，重點在物。例There is no time to lose（to be lost）（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to

14、be lost，誰 lost time不明確。）7. 在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式通常應(yīng)用主動表主動, 被動表被動。然而,由于古英語的影響,下列動詞rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?五、介詞in, on, under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動意義表示方位的介詞與含動作意義的名詞合用，含被動之義，其意義相當于該名詞相應(yīng)動詞的被動形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞。1. “under +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“某事在進行中”。常見的有：under control（受控制）, under treat

15、ment（在治療中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在討論中）, under construction（在施工中）。例The building is under construction( is being constructed).2“beyond+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“出乎勝過、范圍、限度”。常見的有：beyond belief (令人難以置信)， beyond ones reach（鞭長莫及），beyond ones control（無法控制），beyond our hope 我們的成功始料不及。例The rumour is beyond belie

16、f（=cant be believed）3.“above+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“(品質(zhì)、行為、能力等) 超過、高于”。例His honest character is above all praise=His honest character cannot be praised enough4“for+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示 “適于、 為著”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。例That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).5“in+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu) ，表示“在過程中或范圍內(nèi)”常見的有：in print（在印刷中），in

17、sight(在視野范圍內(nèi))，等。例The book is not yet in print(=is not yet printed)6“on+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“在從事 中”。常見的有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）, on trial（受審）。例Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).7“out of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu) ； 表示 “超出 之外“，常見的有：out of control (控制不了)，out of sight （超出視線之外），out of ones reach(夠不著),

18、 out of fashion(不流行)等。例 The plane was out of control (cant be controlled) 。8“within+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“在內(nèi)、不超過”。例He took two days off within the teachers permission六、被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別當“be+過去分詞”作被動語態(tài)時表示主語承受的動作；作系表結(jié)構(gòu)時表示主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)時，be后面的過去分詞是表語，相當于形容詞。其區(qū)分辦法如下：1如果強調(diào)動作或句中有介詞by引導出動作的執(zhí)行者，該句一般為被動語態(tài)，否則為系表結(jié)構(gòu)。例The glass is bro

19、ken （系表結(jié)構(gòu)）The glass was broken by the boy （被動語態(tài)）2如果句中有地點、頻率或時間狀語時，一般為被動語態(tài)。例The door is locked （系表結(jié)構(gòu)）The door hasalready/just been locked（被動語態(tài)）3被動語態(tài)除用于一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)外，還可以用于其他各種時態(tài)，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的系動詞be只有一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)。例 The machine is being repaired七、被動語態(tài)與高考試題賞析1 高考對謂語動詞語態(tài)的考查例析1). In some parts of the world, tea _ with

20、milk and sugar. (NMET1993)A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served解析 B 因為serve是及物動詞，其動作承受者tea作主語，表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。2). This is Teds phone. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake.(NMET2002)A. killed B. is killedC. was killed D. was killing解析 C Ted是kill的承受者，用被動語態(tài)，且

21、Ted救人發(fā)生在過去，所以用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。3). - Have you moved into the new house?- Not yet, the rooms _. (NMET1991) A. are being painted B. are paintingC. are painted D. are being painting解析 A “house”和“paint”應(yīng)該是被動的關(guān)系，排除B，D。后者未搬進新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。不能用一般現(xiàn)在時表示習慣性動作，排除C。4). When and where to go for the on-sala

22、ry holiday _ yet. （上海春2003）A. are not decided B. have not been decidedC. is not being decided D. has not been decided解析 D decide是及物動詞，動作的發(fā)出者通常是人，句中的主語是動作的承受者，所以decide要用被動語態(tài)。從題干的語境和關(guān)鍵詞yet，可判斷用現(xiàn)在完成時，不定式做主語用單數(shù)，故用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。5). The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of th

23、e tickets _.（上海春2001）A. was booked B. had been bookedC. were booked D. have been booked解析 B 句中tickets是book(訂票)的承受者，主謂為被動關(guān)系，又因票已被訂出應(yīng)發(fā)生在entered the office這個過去動作之前，所以要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。2高考對非謂語動詞語態(tài)的考查當非謂語動詞的邏輯主語為動作的承受者時, 須用被動式。弄清非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間的執(zhí)行與承受關(guān)系是掌握非謂語動詞語態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。1). Having a trip abroad is certainly good for

24、 the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET2002)A. to see B. to be seenC. seeing D. seen解析 B 根據(jù)題意，那對老夫婦是否到國外旅行是將來的動作，應(yīng)使用不定式，故排除掉C、D兩項；又因remains的邏輯主語it是動詞see說表示動作的承受者，即“到國外旅行”這件事，這件事有待于“被決定”，應(yīng)使用動詞不定式的被動形式。2). While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something t

25、hey dont really need. （上海1996）A. to persuaded B. persuadingC. being persuaded D. be persuaded解析 C cant help doing “禁不住做某事”，排除A和D；顧客應(yīng)是“被勸說”購物的，要用動名詞的被動語態(tài)。3）. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. （上海2002）A. is to blame B. is going to blameC. is to be blamed D. should blame解析 A feel的賓

26、語從句為強調(diào)句型，在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中，在某些場合可用不定式的主動語態(tài)表示被動語態(tài)，如to blame， to let等?！緩娀柧殹?. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinnerA are not kept；will have toB are not kept；haveC do not keep；will have toD do not keep；have to2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligen

27、ce, are _and perfected now.A. developedB. have developedC. are being developedD. will have been developed3. - _ the sports meet might be put off- Yes，it all depends on the weatherA Ive been told B Ive toldC Im told D I told4. I need one more stamp before my collection _.A. has completed B. completes

28、C. has been completed D. is completed5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A. cut B. are cutC. are being cut D. had been cut6. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.A. has been designedB. had been designedC. was designed

29、D. would be designed7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has brokenC. was broken D. had been broken8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _.A. have been taken place; have been set upB. have taken place; have been set upC. have taken place;

30、have set upD. were taken place; were set up9. That suit _ over 60 dollars.A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost10. - Look! Everything here is under construction.- Whats the pretty small house that _ for?A. is being built B. has been builtC. is built D. is building11.- Do you like the material

31、?- Yes, it _ very soft.A. is feeling B. feltC. feels D. is felt12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ ChineseA write B to writeC to be written D written13. I have no more letters _ ，thank youA to type B typingC to be typed D typed14. Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.A. wont

32、 wash out B. wont be washed outC. isnt washed out D. isnt washing out15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _.A. be put up B. give inC. be turned on D. go out16. The computers on the table _ Professor Smith.A. belongs B. are belonged toC. belongs to D. belong

33、 to17. - What do you think of the book?-Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time.A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caughtC. being caught D. to catch19. This page needed _ again.A. being checked B. checkedC. to chec

34、k D. to be checked20. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercisesA. Having taught B. Having been taughtC. taught D. Teachingkey 1-5 ACADC 6-10 BCBDA11-15 CBCAD 16-20 DCCDB被動語態(tài)基礎(chǔ)練習選擇題 1.Our house_, A . is getting paintB . is getting painted C . is got paintedD . has got to paint 2.

35、He arrived in Beijing,where he_his friend . A . was met byB . was metC . was meetingD . met by 3.The war_in 1937 A . was broken outB . had been broken out C . has broken outD . broke out 4.The mistakes in the exercises will_the teacher. A . crossB . be crossingC . be crossed byD . cross by 5.My brot

36、her and I have _her birthday party. A . been invitedB . been invited forC . invited toD . been invited to 6.It_this way A . is had to doB . is had to be doneC . had to be doneD . has to do 7.It_this way. A used to doB . used to be doneC . is used to doD . is used to doing 8._Chaplin. A . The childs

37、name was calledB . The childs name calls C . The child callsD . The child is named 9.The sports meeting_ . A . is put offB . is to put offC . is to be put offD . puts off 10.Mary realized she_ A . was making fun ofB . was made fun C . was being made fun ofD . was being made fun 11._to say a thing in

38、 that way A . It is considers wrongB . It is considered wrong C . It is considered its wrongD . It is consiedring wrong 12.He ordered that the books_at once. A . would be printedB . would printC . be printedD . print 13.The story_in ChinA . A . was taken placeB . was happenedC . took placeD . has be

39、en taken place 14.The house_my parents A . is belong toB . belong toC . belongs toD . is belonged to 15.He_by his teacher. A . happened to seeB . was happened to see C . happened to be seenD . was happened to be seen 16.Great changes_in our province.Many tall buildings. A . have been taken place, ha

40、ve been set up B . have taken place, have been set up C . have been taken place, have been set up D . were taken place, were set up 17.The halls_but its not yet_with lamps. A . furnished, finishedB . been finished, been furnished C . being finished, being furnishedD . set up, full 18.The new hall is

41、 the tallest building in this town._from here? A . Can it seeB . Can it be seenC . Can it seenD . Can see 19.As soon as we got to the airport,we found that the plane_. A . had already taken offB . already took off C . was already taking offD . was already taken off 20. Some of the hotels in my homet

42、own_. A . have now been rebuildingB . are now rebuilding C . are now being rebuiltD . are rebuilt now 21. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner A . are not kept；will have toB . are not kept；have C . do not keep；will have toD . do not keep；have to 22. The fifth ge

43、neration computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now. A . developedB . have developed C . are being developedD . will have been developed 23. - _ the sports meet might be put off - Yes，it all depends on the weather A . Ive been toldB . Ive toldC . Im toldD . I told 24. I need one

44、 more stamp before my collection _. A . has completedB . completesC . has been completedD . is completed 25. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear fromthe earth in the near future. A . cutB . are cutC . are being cutD . had been cut 26. The new suspension bridge _ by the

45、end of last month. A . has been designedB . had been designed C . was designedD . would be designed 27.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A . breaksB . has brokenC . was brokenD . had been broken 28. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. A . have been taken place; have been set up B . have taken place; have been set up C . have taken place; have set up D . were taken place; were set up