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1、過去分詞的用法過去分詞的用法 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞: 表示動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)的和正在進(jìn)行表示動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)的和正在進(jìn)行過去分詞過去分詞: 表示動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)的和完成表示動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)的和完成分詞在句中可以作分詞在句中可以作表語表語、定語定語、賓語補(bǔ)足賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語語和狀語。1. 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作表語,與句子主語是及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作表語,與句子主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,表示主語的狀態(tài),既表示被動(dòng),被動(dòng)關(guān)系,表示主語的狀態(tài),既表示被動(dòng),又表示完成。又表示完成。 (1) the cup is broken. 茶杯破了。茶杯破了。 2. 不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作表語,與句子主語不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作表語,與句子主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,表

2、示主語的狀態(tài),只表示動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,表示主語的狀態(tài),只表示動(dòng)作的完成。的完成。 (2) he is retired. 他已退休他已退休。 3. 有些過去分詞作表語時(shí),構(gòu)成的謂語很接近有些過去分詞作表語時(shí),構(gòu)成的謂語很接近被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。 (3) the city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 這座城市三面環(huán)山。這座城市三面環(huán)山。q 過去分詞作表語過去分詞作表語 【注意】過去分詞作表語與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別:過去分【注意】過去分詞作表語與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別:過去分詞作表語,主要是表示主語的狀態(tài),而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則詞作表語,主要是表示主語的狀態(tài),而被動(dòng)語

3、態(tài)則表示動(dòng)作。表示動(dòng)作。 (1) the cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。(是被動(dòng)語態(tài),茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。(是被動(dòng)語態(tài),表示動(dòng)作)表示動(dòng)作) (2) the library is now closed. 圖書館關(guān)門了。(過去圖書館關(guān)門了。(過去分詞作表語)分詞作表語) 【注意】過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成【注意】過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成, -ing 形式表示主形式表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行。有些動(dòng)詞如動(dòng)或進(jìn)行。有些動(dòng)詞如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其過去分詞形

4、式來修等通常用其過去分詞形式來修飾人,用飾人,用 -ing 形式來修飾物。形式來修飾物。 (3) the book is interesting and im interested in it. 這本書很有趣,我對(duì)它很感興趣。這本書很有趣,我對(duì)它很感興趣。q過去分詞作定語過去分詞作定語 作定語用的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞,其邏輯作定語用的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞,其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的名詞。及物動(dòng)詞的過去分主語就是它所修飾的名詞。及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語,既表被動(dòng)又表完成;詞作定語,既表被動(dòng)又表完成;不及物動(dòng)詞的不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語,只表完成。過去分詞作定語,只表完成。 1. 過去分詞用作定語

5、,如果是單個(gè)的,常置于其過去分詞用作定語,如果是單個(gè)的,常置于其所修飾的名詞之前。所修飾的名詞之前。 we must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我們必須使我們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況。我們必須使我們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況。 2. 過去分詞短語用作定語時(shí),一般置于其所修飾過去分詞短語用作定語時(shí),一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后,其意義相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句,但的名詞之后,其意義相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句,但較從句簡潔,多用于書面語中。較從句簡潔,多用于書面語中。 the concert given by their friends was a suc

6、cess.他們朋友舉行的音樂會(huì)大為成功。他們朋友舉行的音樂會(huì)大為成功。 3.過去分詞短語有時(shí)也可用作非限制性定過去分詞短語有時(shí)也可用作非限制性定語,前后常有逗號(hào)。語,前后常有逗號(hào)。 (1)the meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他們舉行了歡迎英雄的他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會(huì),到會(huì)的有五千多人。大會(huì),到會(huì)的有五千多人。 q 過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語 1. 過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語表示被動(dòng)的過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語表示被動(dòng)的和完成的動(dòng)作。和完成的動(dòng)作。 (1) written

7、 in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因?yàn)閷懙么颐?,這篇文章因?yàn)閷懙么颐Γ@篇文章不是很好。不是很好。 【注意】【注意】written 為過去分詞作狀語,表示這為過去分詞作狀語,表示這篇文章是被寫的,而且已經(jīng)被寫。篇文章是被寫的,而且已經(jīng)被寫。 (2) lost / absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound.因?yàn)槌聊缬谒伎贾驗(yàn)槌聊缬谒伎贾?,所以他沒聽到那個(gè)聲音。中,所以他沒聽到那個(gè)聲音。 2. 過去分詞作狀語時(shí)其邏輯主語為主句的主語,過去分詞作狀語時(shí)其邏輯主語為主句的主語,此時(shí)應(yīng)注意人

8、稱一致。此時(shí)應(yīng)注意人稱一致。 (1) given another hour, i can also work out this problem. 再給我一個(gè)小時(shí),我也能解這道題。再給我一個(gè)小時(shí),我也能解這道題。(given 為過去分詞作狀語,它的邏輯主語為過去分詞作狀語,它的邏輯主語為主句主語為主句主語 i ,即,即 i 被再給一個(gè)小時(shí)。)被再給一個(gè)小時(shí)。) (2) seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us. 從 山 頂 看 城 市 , 城 市 顯 得 更 漂 亮 。從 山 頂 看 城 市 , 城 市

9、顯 得 更 漂 亮 。(seen 為過去分詞作狀語,表為過去分詞作狀語,表“被看被看”,由,由語境可知,它的邏輯主語必須是城市,而不語境可知,它的邏輯主語必須是城市,而不是是“我們我們”,因?yàn)椋驗(yàn)椤拔覀兾覀儭睉?yīng)主動(dòng)看城市。)應(yīng)主動(dòng)看城市。) 3. 過去分詞作狀語來源于狀語從句。過去分詞作狀語來源于狀語從句。 (1) caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因?yàn)榱芰艘粓?chǎng)大雨,所以他全身濕透了。因?yàn)榱芰艘粓?chǎng)大雨,所以他全身濕透了。 (caught in a heavy rain 為過去分詞短語作原因狀語,它為過去分詞短語作原因狀語,它來源于原因狀語從句來源

10、于原因狀語從句 because he was caught in a heavy rain.) (2) grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果種在肥沃的土壤里,這些種子能長如果種在肥沃的土壤里,這些種子能長得很快。得很快。( grown in rich soil 為過去分詞作條件為過去分詞作條件狀語,它來源于條件狀語從句狀語,它來源于條件狀語從句 if these seeds are grown in rich soil. 【注意】狀語從句改成過去分詞作狀語時(shí)有時(shí)【注意】狀語從句改成過去分詞作狀語時(shí)有時(shí)還可保留連詞還可保留連詞,有時(shí)為

11、了強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念,過去有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念,過去分詞之前可用表示時(shí)間的連詞,構(gòu)成分詞之前可用表示時(shí)間的連詞,構(gòu)成“連詞連詞過去分詞過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語,如如when,while等。等。例如:例如: when given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 當(dāng)你做體格檢查時(shí)要保當(dāng)你做體格檢查時(shí)要保持鎮(zhèn)定。持鎮(zhèn)定。 4. 過去分詞作狀語的位置。過去分詞可放在主句過去分詞作狀語的位置。過去分詞可放在主句前作句首狀語,后面有逗號(hào)與主句隔開;也可前作句首狀語,后面有逗號(hào)與主句隔開;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗號(hào)與主句隔開。放在主句后面,前面有逗

12、號(hào)與主句隔開。 he stood there silently, moved to tears. = moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他靜靜地站在那里,被感動(dòng)得熱淚他靜靜地站在那里,被感動(dòng)得熱淚盈眶。盈眶。表示時(shí)間seen from the top of the hill,our city looks surrounded in the fogwhen it is seen from the top of the hill,our city looks surrounded in the fog從山頂上看,我們的城市看起來像被霧氣籠罩了。onc

13、e published,the dictionary will be very popularonce it is published,the dictionary will be very popular一旦出版,這本詞典將大受歡迎。拓展:有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念,過去分詞之前可用表示時(shí)間的連詞,如when,while等。例如:when completed,this railway will link many industrial cities to a seaport這條鐵路建成后,將把許多工業(yè)城市和一個(gè)海港連接起來。when told to go to the teachers offic

14、e,the girl began to cry當(dāng)被告知去老師辦公室時(shí),這女孩開始哭起來。表示原因:tired out by hard work,he soon fell asleepsince he was tired out by hard work,he soon fell asleep由于干重活疲勞至極,他很快就睡著了。表示條件:given more time,we would certainly have finished the job much betterif we had been given more time,we would certainly have finished

15、 the job much better 要是我們有更多的時(shí)間,我們肯定會(huì)把工作完成得更好些。beaten by the opposite team,the players were not discouragedthough they were beaten by the opposite team,the players were not discouraged雖然被對(duì)方打敗,但隊(duì)員們沒有泄氣。表示伴隨:the professor sat there,surrounded by a lot of students教授坐在那里,許多學(xué)生圍著他。he came back,utterly exh

16、austed他回來時(shí)疲憊不堪。q 過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語(一)能夠接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有以下三(一)能夠接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有以下三類:類: 1. 表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。如:表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。等。 (1) i heard the song sung in english. 我聽到有人用英語唱過這首歌。(過去分詞我聽到有人用英語唱過這首歌。(過去分詞sung的動(dòng)作顯然先于謂語動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作顯然先于謂語動(dòng)作heard;);) (2

17、) he found his hometown greatly changed. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大。(過去他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大。(過去分詞分詞changed的動(dòng)作顯然先于謂語動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作顯然先于謂語動(dòng)作found)2. 表示表示“致使致使”意義的動(dòng)詞。如:意義的動(dòng)詞。如:have, make, get, keep, leave等。等。(1) ill have my hair cut tomorrow. 明明天我要理發(fā)。天我要理發(fā)。(2) he got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。他昨天把牙拔了。(3) dont leave those

18、things undone. 要把那些事情做完。要把那些事情做完。 【注意】過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一定和賓【注意】過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一定和賓語有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。語有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 (二)使役動(dòng)詞(二)使役動(dòng)詞have接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)有兩種情況。有兩種情況。 1. 過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由他人完成。過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由他人完成。 (1) he had his money stolen.他的他的錢給偷了。(被別人偷去了)錢給偷了。(被別人偷去了) 2. 過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由句中的主語過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由句中的主語所經(jīng)歷。如:所經(jīng)歷。如: (2) he had his le

19、g broken.他的腿斷他的腿斷了。了。 (自己的經(jīng)歷)(自己的經(jīng)歷)q “with 賓語過去分詞賓語過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)“with 賓語過去分詞賓語過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,過去分詞用作介詞結(jié)構(gòu)中,過去分詞用作介詞 with的的賓語補(bǔ)足語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間、方式、條件、原因賓語補(bǔ)足語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間、方式、條件、原因等狀語。例如:等狀語。例如: (1) the murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 兇手被帶進(jìn)來了,他的雙手被綁在背后。(表方式)兇手被帶進(jìn)來了,他的雙手被綁在背后。(表方式) (2)

20、 with water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加熱,我們水一被加熱,我們就會(huì)看到水蒸氣。(表?xiàng)l件)就會(huì)看到水蒸氣。(表?xiàng)l件) (3) with the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解決,事情得到解決,我們都回家了。(表原因)我們都回家了。(表原因) (4) she stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她她站在他面前,眼睛注視著他。站在他面前,眼睛注視著他。(5) he stood for an instant with his

21、hand still raised. 他仍然舉著他仍然舉著手站了一會(huì)兒。手站了一會(huì)兒。 linda worked for the minnesota manufacturing and mining company, _ as 3m. a. knowing b. known c. being known d. to be known高考鏈接b解析:答案解析:答案b b。此處考查過去分詞作后置。此處考查過去分詞作后置定語,定語,3m3m與與knowknow之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。去分詞表示被動(dòng)。2. the disc, digitally _ in the s

22、tudio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. a. recorded b. recording c. to be recorded d. having recorded高考鏈接a解析:答案解析:答案a a。此處考查過去分詞作后置。此處考查過去分詞作后置定語,定語,discdisc與與recordrecord之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過去分詞表示。用過去分詞表示。3. dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge.

23、a. being known b. having been known c. to be known d. known高考鏈接d解析:答案解析:答案d d。knowknow與與wordswords,expressionsexpressions,phrasesphrases構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用過去分詞表示構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。被動(dòng)。4. the flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. a. to smell b. smelling c. smelt d. t

24、o be smelt高考鏈接b解析:答案解析:答案b b。此處為現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,。此處為現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,修飾修飾flowersflowers。smellsmell為系動(dòng)詞,不能用于為系動(dòng)詞,不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài),相當(dāng)于被動(dòng)語態(tài),相當(dāng)于which/that smells which/that smells sweetsweet。1 _ time ,he will make a first-class tennis player .a having given b to give c giving d given 2 _in 1636 ,harvard is one of the most famou

25、s universities in the united states .a being founded b it was founded c founded d founding 3 unless _to speak ,you should remain silent at the conference .a invited b inviting c being invited d having invited dca4 _,but he still couldnt understand it .a he had been told many times b having been told

26、 many timesc told many times d although he had been told many times 5 when first _to the market , these products enjoyed great success .a introducing b introduced c introduce d being introduced ab6 there seemed to be nothing _to do but _for the doctor .a leave / send b left / to send c left / send d

27、 leaving / send 7_everywhere , the wolves had no where _themselves .a hunting / hiding b to hunt / to hide c hunted / hiding d hunted / to hide cd作介詞but ,expect ,besides 的賓語,前面又有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞 do時(shí),不定式通常省去to 8 . the _ morning, the father came into the lonely house, _ by his naughty boy. following, following b.

28、 followed, followed c. following, followed d. followed, following9. mrs. white was glad to see the nurse _ after her son and was pleased to see the boy well _ care of in the nursery. looked; taken b. looking; taken c. looked; took d. looking; takingcb10. the murderer was brought in, with his hands _

29、 behind his back. being tied b. having tied c. to be tied d. tied11. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better. given b. to give c. giving d. having givendapractice1. did you attend the meeting _yesterday?to be held b. having been held c. held d. being helddo you know the name of the play_

30、 in the hall now?to be put on b. being put on c. put on d. putting on i borrowed a book _ by mark twain from the library last week. i like it very much.written b. writing c. was written d. to write4. please dont forget him. he is one of _.those invited b. invited those a. c. those inviting d. inviti

31、ng thosecbaa3. the teacher walked to lab, _. a. followed by his students b. his students followed c. and followed by his students d. both a and b 4. when _ into the warm room, ice soon changes into water. a. heating and taking b. heated, and taking c. heating or taken d. heated or taken5. the resear

32、ch is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. a. begins b. having begun c. beginning d. begun 6. mr. smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. (03北京春北京春)a. tired; boring b. tiring; bored c. tired; bored d. tiring; boring 9. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too

33、 late to clean up the river. (01全國夏全國夏)a. having suffered b. suffering c. to suffer d. suffered10. before _, the machine must be checked. a. being used b. using it c. being used to d. using 11. prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. (02京皖春京皖春)a. are bought b. boug

34、ht c. been bought d. buying12.the emperors new clothes, is an _ text. all of us are _ in it. a. exciting; exciting b. excited; excited c. excited; exciting d. exciting; excited 13. she asked if there is anything_ for tonight. a. to plan b. planned c. that plans d. planning 15. _ these pictures, i co

35、uldnt help thinking of those days when i was in beijing and _ from the top of a thirty-stored building, beijing looks more magnificent. a. seeing; seen b. seen; seeing c. seeing; seeing d. seen; seen16. _ better attention, the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the s

36、ky and _ them light. a. giving; given b. given; given c. giving; giving d. given; giving17. unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. a. invited b. inviting c. being invited d. having invited18. when _, the museum will be open to the public next year. a. completed b. completing

37、c. being completed d. to be completed20. i found a car _ in a pool by the side of the road. a. to be stuck b. stuck c. sticking d. stick1. the olympic games, _ in 776 b. c., didnt include women until 1912. a. first playing b. to be first played c. first played d. to be playing考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥簡析簡析: 首先首先,根據(jù)語法分析可知根據(jù)語法分析可知,待選部待選部分是一個(gè)作定語、修飾分是一個(gè)作定

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