高三英語主謂一致

1、主謂一致【專題要點(diǎn)】主謂一致考點(diǎn)概覽：1.集合名詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致；2.主語從句作主語時(shí)謂語的確定；3.or, either-or, nor, neither-nor, not only-but (also), not-but等連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)的主謂一致情況；4.主語+as well as, with, together with, along with, rather than, but, except, besides等詞時(shí)的主謂一致；5.由不同數(shù)詞修飾的名詞作主語時(shí)謂語的確定；6.定語從句中謂語的數(shù)；7.the+形容詞作主語時(shí)謂語的確定；8.時(shí)間、距離等度量名詞作主語時(shí)謂語的數(shù)。【考

2、綱要求】考綱要求考生掌握主謂一致的三大原則即語法一致、邏輯意義一致、就近原則；掌握主謂一致的特殊用法；學(xué)會(huì)分析句式，排除干擾，分清主謂，明了句子的主謂關(guān)系。【教法指引】分析近五年來的高考題可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，高考對(duì)主謂一致的考查幾乎每年都有所涉及，但題量不大，其因?yàn)槭沁@項(xiàng)語法用法比較固定、單純，教師只要給學(xué)生講清主謂一致的“三大原則”，讓學(xué)生記住這些用法就能很好地把這項(xiàng)語法學(xué)會(huì)；當(dāng)然高考命題多以特殊點(diǎn)為切入點(diǎn)，讓學(xué)生注意三大原則里邊的一些變化如：not only -but also連接主語是應(yīng)該按照就近原則。 not only he and she-but also-這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)仍然還是就近原則，只不過主

3、語為he and she。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)好主謂一致?？碱}型如：1. 單數(shù)名詞(代詞)，不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)形式，復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The desk is Toms. 這張桌子是湯姆的。 Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 The students are playing football on the playground. 這些學(xué)生正在操場上踢足球。 2. many a+單數(shù)名詞作主語，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語要用單數(shù)形式。Many a student has been to Shanghai. 許多學(xué)生到過上海。 3.

4、more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一個(gè)學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過北京。 4. 表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，重量，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語作主語時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語用單數(shù)形式。例如： Two months is a long holiday. 兩個(gè)月是一個(gè)長假。 Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. 2 0英鎊并不太重。 Ten miles isnt a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很長的距離。 Five minus four is one

5、. 5減4等于1。 5. 主語是each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every)+單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有一個(gè)座位。 Every man and every woman is at work. 每個(gè)男人和女人都在工作。 6. one and a half+2 / 19復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。One and a half hours is enough. 一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠了。 7. 動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。To see is to believe 眼

6、見為實(shí)。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操對(duì)你的眼睛十分有益。因此在實(shí)際操練中要指導(dǎo)學(xué)法，掌握基本用法，注意變化就能突破?！局R(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)】 主謂一致用法在英語句子里，謂語受主語支配，其動(dòng)詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。尋其規(guī)律，大致可歸納為三個(gè)原則，即語法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。 （一）語法一致原則：語法上一致就是謂語動(dòng)詞和主語在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。 1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。His father is w

7、orking on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 注意：由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。What I bought were three En

8、glish books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you. 2、由連接詞and或both . and連接起來的合成主語后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動(dòng)詞。如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 注意： 若and所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，它后面的謂語動(dòng)詞就應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。

9、如：The writer and artist has come.; / 由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修飾時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it. 3、主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no le

10、ss than, besides, including等引起的短語，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 4、either, neither, each, every 或no +單數(shù)名詞和由some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。如：Eac

11、h of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter. 注意： 在口語中當(dāng)either或neither后跟有of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞（或代詞）作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)。Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. 若none of后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù)；若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。None of us has (have) been to America. 5、在定語從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞that, who, which等作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先

12、行詞的數(shù)一致。He is one of my friends who are working hard.注意：He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 6、如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 注

13、意：people, police, cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 7、由a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名詞構(gòu)成的短語以及由分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞構(gòu)成的短語作主語，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the student

14、s in our class are girls. 注意： a number of許多，作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；the number of.的數(shù)量，主語是number，謂語用單數(shù)。 8、在倒裝句中，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。如：There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts. （二）邏輯意義一致原則：邏輯意義一致就是謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語的意義一致（因有時(shí)主語形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)；有時(shí)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù)）。 1、what, wh

15、o, which, any, more, all等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思來決定。如：Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing. 2、表示時(shí)間、重量、長度、價(jià)值等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式， 這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 3、若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如： The Arabian

16、Nightsis an interesting story-book. 4、表數(shù)量的短語one and a half后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式（也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：One and a half apples is (are) left on the table. 5、算式中表示數(shù)目（字）的主語通常作單數(shù)看待，其謂語動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven. 6、一些學(xué)科名詞是以 -ics 結(jié)尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及ne

17、ws, works等，都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isnt easy to study. 7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a (the) pair of等量詞修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 8、定冠詞the + 形容詞或分

18、詞，表示某一類人時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 （三）就近一致原則：在英語句子中，有時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語保持一致。 1、當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語由either . or, neither . nor, whether . or ., not only . but also連接時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right? 2、there be句型be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其

19、后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個(gè)主語，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room. 注意：Here引導(dǎo)的句子用法同上。 （四）主謂一致應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題： A)名詞作主語 1)某些集體名詞(如family，team等)作主語時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果就其中一個(gè)個(gè)成員而言，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： The whole family are watching TV? His family is going to have a long journey 這類名詞有：audience，class

20、，club，committee，company， crew，crowd，enemy，government，group，party，public，team，etc. 名詞population一詞的使用情況跟上述類似。例如： The population in China is very large，and eighty percent of the population in China are farmers. “a group(crowd)of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”等短語之后的謂語動(dòng)詞也同樣可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)部分。 2)某些集體名詞(如people，police，cattle，

21、militia等)只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： The police are searching for him 3)單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。例如： A sheep is over there, Some sheep are over there 4)名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略的情況一般只指商店、工場、住宅等，作主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。例如： My Uncles is not far from here The doctors is on the side of the street 常見的省略名詞有：the bakers，the barbers

22、，the carpenters，the Zhangs，etc, 表示店鋪的名詞一般作集體名詞看待，但用作主語時(shí)，謂語 動(dòng)詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： Richardsons have a lot of leather goods to sell 5)當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時(shí)間、書名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，往往可以根據(jù)意義一致的原則，把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語用單數(shù)形式。例如： Five minutes is enough to do this exercise The Selected Poems of Li Bai was published long ago Three years

23、has passed 6)不定代詞each，every，no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號(hào)連接成多個(gè)并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。例如： Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in the future 7)如果主語有more than one.或many a構(gòu)成，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。例如： Many a ship has been damaged in the storm More than one student has seen the film， 是，在“more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one

24、結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： More members than one are against your plan 8)一些由兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具主語時(shí)；謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如scissors，chopsticks，compasses，shoes，trousers，clothes，glasses等。但如果主語由“a kind of ，a pair of，a series of等加名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。例如： A pair of shoes was on the desk . 9)this kind of book=a book of this kind(

25、這種書)，其謂語用單數(shù)；短語this kind of men=men of this kind=these kinds of men(口語)(這一類人)，但this kind of men的謂語用單數(shù)， men of this kind和these kinds of men的謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。all kinds of后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： Men of this kind are dangerous This kind of men is dangerous 10)復(fù)數(shù)形式的單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語時(shí)，按意義一致的原則，作單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)；反之，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有means(方

26、法)，works(工廠)，species(種類)，Chinese，Japanese等。例如： The (This) glass works was set up in l970 (這家玻璃廠建于1970年。) The(These)glass works are near the railway station (這些玻璃廠在火車站附近。) 當(dāng)它們前面有a，such a，this，that修飾時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)；有all，such，these，those修飾時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。但“means，“no means，“the means等詞前沒有以上修飾詞時(shí)，可作單數(shù)，也可用作復(fù)數(shù)。 注：work作“工作”

27、解時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞，作“著作”解時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。 11)如果名詞詞組中心詞是all，most；half，rest，part等詞語，表示的是復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；反之，用單數(shù)。例如： All of the water is gone。 All of my classmates work hard 12)在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。如： Between the two windows hangs a picture B)由連接詞連接的名詞作主語 13)用and或both.and連接并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： Walking and ridin

28、g are good exercises Plastics and rubber never rot 但是，并列主語如果指的，是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用：單數(shù)形式，這時(shí)，and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。例如： A knife and fork is on the table Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit The girls teacher and friend is a young doctor Truth and honesty is the best policy。 14)當(dāng)主語后面跟有as wel

29、l as，as much as，no less than, along with，with, like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)按主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如： The room with its furniture was rented The teacher as well as the students was excited 15)以or，either.，neither.nor，not onlybut also等連接的名詞(代詞)作主語，謂語

30、動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。例如： Neither you nor I nor anybody else knows anything about it Either you or he is to go Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room C)代詞作主語 16)名詞型物主代詞后的動(dòng)詞，既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用復(fù)數(shù)，這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。例如： Ours(Our Party) is a great party our shoes are black，mine (=my shoes) are brown 17)such，the

31、same起指示代詞作用時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指的內(nèi)容來決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。例如： Such are his wordsSuch is our plan 8)關(guān)系代詞who，that，which等在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。例如： Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun Those who want to go please youre your names here 19)疑問代詞who，：what, which作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)說話人所要表達(dá)的意思決定單復(fù)數(shù)。例如： What produce(

32、s)heat? Which is (are) your book(s)? Who live next door? It is Zhang and Liu Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu 20)不定代詞any，either，neither，none，all some，more等作主語時(shí)，有以下兩種情況： 單讀用作主語時(shí)，視其在文中的意義，動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： All are presentlets begin the meeting Now all has been changed either，neither單獨(dú)作主語時(shí)，謂語通常用單數(shù)。 后接

33、of時(shí)，若of的賓語為不可數(shù)名詞，動(dòng)詞當(dāng)然用單數(shù)形式；若of的賓語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，動(dòng)詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)；在正式文體中，單數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞更常用。 例如： None of them has(have)seen the film Do(es) any of you know his address? D)分?jǐn)?shù)、量詞作主語 21)某數(shù)詞單純表示數(shù)字作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式，但是當(dāng)基數(shù)詞表示的不是數(shù)值而是數(shù)量時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： The billion is a large number Twelve were boys. 英語中算術(shù)式作主語時(shí)，若是減法或除法算術(shù)式，謂語通

34、常用單數(shù)形式；若是加法和乘法，謂語動(dòng)詞有時(shí)也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： Three times five is/are fifteen Two and (plus) two is/are four. Twelve divided by four is three Three taken from eight leaves five 在提問加、減、乘、除得數(shù)時(shí)，如用how much，謂語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式；如用how many，謂語動(dòng)詞多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： How many are two times five? How much is eight divided by two? 22)“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+

35、of+名詞”構(gòu)成短語，以及由“some，a lot of，lots of，plenty of，a(1arge)quantity of，the rest of，a heap of，heaps of+名詞”構(gòu)成短語時(shí)，其名詞可以是可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。作主語時(shí)，采取就近一致的原則，其謂語動(dòng)詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致，這是因?yàn)槎陶Z中of后面的名詞是中心詞，而名詞前面的量詞是修飾語。例如： A quantity of blouses were on sale A large quantity of beer was sold Plenty of English books are on t

36、he shelf Lots of damage was caused by fire Three-fifths of the workers here are women About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water 23)A(great)number of，many；a few修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞， 其短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；a little，much，a great deal of，a large amount of修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如： ； A large amount o

37、f(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time A great deal of trouble lies before us A number of students have gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest 24)(large)quantities of修飾可數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞其短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge 25)The number+可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞，the amount of+不可數(shù)名詞，the quantity of+可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成的短 語，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，例如： The amount of money is great. The quantity of heat i