新課標(biāo)高中英語選修七Unit4Sharing-grammar精品課件(共51張PPT)

1、SharingUnit 4 1. To learn the kinds of Attributive Clause. 2. To learn the usage of who, whose; whom; which; that; how; when; why 3.Do some practice.Find some sentences in which Attributive Clause is used from reading I. 1. Ive included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about

2、. 2. The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of windows. 3. Sometimes l wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students，most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8. 4. But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did visit a village wh

3、ich is the home of one of the boys, Tombe. 5.When we arrived at the village, Tombes mother, Kiak, who had been pulling weeds in the garden, started crying “Ieee, leee”.定語從句定語從句 在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行先行詞詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有：_. 引導(dǎo)英語從句的關(guān)系副詞有引導(dǎo)英語從句的關(guān)系副詞

4、有;_ _which, that, who, whom, whose when, how, why。where,注：注：1. 介詞提前時一般只用介詞提前時一般只用which和和whom。 2. whose+名詞名詞=the+名詞名詞+of which/ of whom先行詞先行詞是物是物先行詞先行詞是人是人定定語語地點地點狀語狀語時間時間狀語狀語原因原因狀語狀語主主賓賓主主賓賓關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞which thatwhowhomwhose關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞副詞wherewhenwhy定語從句分類定語從句分類定語從句定語從句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定語從

5、句限制性定語從句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句限定性定語從句是句限定性定語從句是句中不可缺少的組成部中不可缺少的組成部分，主句和從句之間分，主句和從句之間不用逗號不用逗號隔開隔開非限定性定語從句是對非限定性定語從句是對主句先行詞的補充說明，主句先行詞的補充說明，沒有這種從句不影響主沒有這種從句不影響主句意思完整句意思完整.一般一般用逗號用逗號把主句和從句分開把主句和從句分開引導(dǎo)詞：引導(dǎo)詞：who, whom, whose, which, of which

6、, when, where等，等，不用不用that,不能省不能省略略引導(dǎo)詞：引導(dǎo)詞：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，作詞，作賓語賓語時一些時一些關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞可以省略可以省略注：注：在非正式文體中，在非正式文體中，關(guān)系代詞作賓語關(guān)系代詞作賓語時，時，用于用于指人指人的的who, whom, that和用于和用于指物指物的的which和和that通?？梢允÷裕坏诮樵~提前通?？梢允÷?；但在介詞提前時時,或在非限定性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞即或在非限定性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞即使作賓語也不可省略。使作賓語也不可省略。：“whose +名詞中心詞名詞中心詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)在定這一結(jié)構(gòu)在定語從句中既能作主語

7、（如上語從句中既能作主語（如上a句），又能作句），又能作賓語（如上賓語（如上b句）。句）。whose 的先行詞常用來的先行詞常用來指人，但有時也可以用來指具體事物或抽象指人，但有時也可以用來指具體事物或抽象概念，這時可以與概念，這時可以與of which 結(jié)構(gòu)互換，詞序結(jié)構(gòu)互換，詞序是：是：“名詞名詞+of which”，如：，如： They came to a house whose back wall had broken down. (= the back wall of which) Hes written a book the name of which Ive completely

8、 forgotten. (= whose name)難點難點:as引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，指代被引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，指代被 the same, such, as, so 等修飾的名詞等修飾的名詞比較：比較：Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（結(jié)果狀語從句）（結(jié)果狀語從句）Dont talk about such things as you dont understand.Were facing the same problems as we did years ago.It is as pleasant a film as I have

9、ever seen.Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.(1) 宜用宜用that引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句1）序數(shù)詞或最高級形容詞修飾先行詞時，要用）序數(shù)詞或最高級形容詞修飾先行詞時，要用that。 The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens.2) all, everything, nothing, something, anything 等不定代詞作先行詞時用等不定代詞作先行詞時用that。 Everything that we

10、 saw in the factory greatly interested us. 3) 人和物合作先行詞時，要用人和物合作先行詞時，要用that。 We were talking about the persons and things that we remembered in our school.4) 先行詞前有先行詞前有the only, the very, the right, the same等修飾時，要用等修飾時，要用that。 It is the very skirt that suits me well.5) 在疑問詞who、which、what開頭的句子中，要用that

11、。 Whoever that is content with a little progress cant make big achievements.6) 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語只用that。 He is no longer the man that he used to be. This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.(2)宜用宜用which引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句1) 當(dāng)當(dāng)定定語從句的介詞提前時，要用語從句的介詞提前時，要用which。 The house in which they lived last ye

12、ar has been rebuilt.2) 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，要用引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，要用which。 He bought a railway ticket for the woman, which helped her a lot.(3)宜用as引導(dǎo)的定語從句1) 先行詞與such, the same連用或先行詞本身就是the same, such時，要用as。 Such people as you describe are rare nowadays. Would you like to buy the same pen as I have?2) 代替整個句子，在從句中作主語，

13、而從句位于句首時，要用as。 As is well known, the earth goes around the sun.(4) 宜用宜用who引導(dǎo)的定語從句。引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 當(dāng)先行詞是人稱代詞或是當(dāng)先行詞是人稱代詞或是those, anyone等時，常用等時，常用who。 He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.1、when 指時間，在從句中作時間狀指時間，在

14、從句中作時間狀語，它的先行詞通常有：語，它的先行詞通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如：等。如：注：注：when時?？梢允÷?，特別是時?？梢允÷?，特別是在某些句型和某些時間狀語中。例在某些句型和某些時間狀語中。例如：如：2、where指地點，在從句中作地點狀語。指地點，在從句中作地點狀語。它的先行詞通常有：它的先行詞通常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等，如：等，如：注：注：where有時也可以省略。如：有時也可以省略。如： This is the place (

15、where) we met yesterday.3、why指原因或理由，它的先行詞只指原因或理由，它的先行詞只有有reason。 注：注：why時常也可以省略。如：時常也可以省略。如： That is the real reason he did it.使用關(guān)系副詞應(yīng)注意下列幾點：使用關(guān)系副詞應(yīng)注意下列幾點：1、這三個關(guān)系副詞在意義上都相當(dāng)、這三個關(guān)系副詞在意義上都相當(dāng)于一定的于一定的介詞介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：2、當(dāng)先行詞是、當(dāng)先行詞是表時間表時間的的time, day等和等和表表地點地點的的place, house等時，一定要注意分等時，一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，如果缺少主語或賓語時，

16、析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，如果缺少主語或賓語時，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用which或或that, 缺少時間狀語缺少時間狀語或地點狀語時，才能用或地點狀語時，才能用when或或where，試，試比較：比較：溫馨提示：溫馨提示： when和和where既可以引導(dǎo)既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句。而。而why 只只能引導(dǎo)能引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句限制性定語從句。1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3

17、.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _ he gave. when /in whichwhichwhere/ in whichwhichwhy/ for whichthat/which幾種易混的情況幾種易混的情況及物動詞及物動詞及物動詞及物動詞及物動詞及物動詞 1. 根據(jù)先行詞來確定根據(jù)先行詞來確定 This is the pot

18、in which I boiled the milk. (boil milk in the pot) Yesterday we had a meeting, at which we discussed many problems. (discuss problems at the meeting) 1979 was the year in which my son was born. (my son was born in the year) This is the place in which I grew up. (grow up in the place) Thats the reaso

19、n for which he dislikes me. (dislike me for the reason)(介詞的確定方法介詞的確定方法)介詞介詞 + which / whom2. 根據(jù)從句中的謂語動詞或形容詞來確定根據(jù)從句中的謂語動詞或形容詞來確定The person to whom I complained is the manager.（complained to the person)The dog, of which he used to be afraid, is her favorite animal now. (be afraid of the dog)3. 根據(jù)從句所表達(dá)

20、的意思來確定根據(jù)從句所表達(dá)的意思來確定Water, without which man cant live, is really important.4. 當(dāng)介詞和從句中的動詞構(gòu)成固定詞組時，介當(dāng)介詞和從句中的動詞構(gòu)成固定詞組時，介詞不能前置詞不能前置The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.1. 介詞介詞 + which / whose + n.I often get up at six, at which time it is still very dark in winter.He is the man f

21、rom whose house the pictures were stolen.2. 名詞名詞 + of + which / whomThis is the lady the son of whom is a famous writer. (= whose son)These people, the majority of whom are farmers, disagreed with the plan. The cake, half of which was eaten, was bought for Lilys birthday.3. 代詞代詞 + of + which / whom用

22、于非限定性定語從用于非限定性定語從句中表示數(shù)量。這些代詞包括：句中表示數(shù)量。這些代詞包括：many, much, some, a few, most, all, both, none, either, neitherThe old man has two sons, both of whom are doctors.There are a lot of books, none of which is mineThe two players, neither of whom reached the final, played well.The money, all of which has be

23、en given to the Hope project, was collected in the performance.The foreigners, most of whom have been to China for the first time, come from different countries.4. 數(shù)詞數(shù)詞 + of + which / whomI bought some books from the bookstore, five of which were English novels.In our factory there are 800 workers,

24、40 percent of whom are women.5. 形容詞最高級形容詞最高級+of + which / whomThere are many islands in China, the largest of which is Taiwan.She has six children, the cleverest of whom is John.幾點注意事項幾點注意事項1. the way 表示方式時，其后的定表示方式時，其后的定語從句有以下幾種情況語從句有以下幾種情況Can you tell me the way (that) you solve the problem. Can y

25、ou tell me the way in which you solve the problem.2. 定語從句中的謂語動詞定語從句中的謂語動詞 要與先行詞保持一致要與先行詞保持一致He is one of the students who havebeen abroad.He is the only one of the students who has been abroad.3. 先行詞是時間時，并非都用先行詞是時間時，并非都用when引導(dǎo)的從句來修飾。試比較：引導(dǎo)的從句來修飾。試比較：Do you still remember the days when there was no e

26、lectricity?Do you still remember the days (which / that) we spent together?The place where Lu Xun once worked has become a museum.The place (which / that) I visited last week is in Hong Kong.4. 先行詞是地點時，并非都用先行詞是地點時，并非都用where引導(dǎo)的從句來修飾。試比較：引導(dǎo)的從句來修飾。試比較：5. 先行詞是先行詞是the reason時，并非都用時，并非都用 why 引導(dǎo)的從句來修飾。試比較：

27、引導(dǎo)的從句來修飾。試比較：Thats the reason why he was late.Thats the reason (which) he gave me.Complete the sentences with your own words. I made the jar in which _.2. Painting is an activity that _.3. The interpreter to whom you _is on holiday. 4. The man who_is a doctor.5. The woman whose daughter _ is over th

28、ere. almost children like to doa golden fish was putwill turn for helpis shaking hands with him went abroad last year練一練練一練8.The reason why he _ was that he was watching an interview of the first Chinese astronaut on TV.6.The school where you _has been improved.7.Anne is doing some research on the t

29、ime when _.spent your childhood couldnt come to your partythe time for lunch come forAnswer the following questions using attributive clauses with the pronouns in the brackets. Compare your answers with your partner. The first one is done for you. 1. What kind of friend would you like to have (whom)

30、 2. What kind of place would you like to go to for a holiday? (where)Id like to go to Dalian where there is nice beach.Id like to have a friend whom I can trust. 3. What story do you enjoy most? (which/ that) I enjoy Jos story most which / that we have learned in the text. 4. which musical instrumen

31、t would you like to learn to play? (which / that )Id like to learn to play the piano which my father left me. 5. Why didnt you finish your homework? (why) 6. what kind of person is she married to ?(to whom)The reason why I didnt finish my homework was that I was ill. A rich man to whom she is marrie

32、d to will come soon. 7. What sport do you participate in most often? (which/ that) 8. Which day wont you ever forget? (when)I participate in basketball which is very interesting.Ill never forget the day when we moved to a new flat. Correct mistakes: 1. I saw some trees leaves of which were yellow.2. Here is the pen you lost it yesterday.