初中英語常用詞詞義及用法辨析

1、初中英語常用詞詞義及用法辨析it is a pleasure 只是說某事是一件令人高興的事it is my pleasure 是說為你做某事我很高興，用于回答thank youabout, on about與on都可以作"關(guān)于"講，但卻有所不同，例如：this book is about physics. 這是一本關(guān)于物理學(xué)的科普讀物。this book is on physics. 這是一本物理學(xué)方面的專著。after, in 受中文的影響，這個介詞常常被誤用。當(dāng)你要表達在一段時間內(nèi)某個動作可以完成時，一定要用in，而不能用after，因為after是指在某一時間之后。例

2、如： this work will be done in two days. 即表明在兩天內(nèi)這一工作一定會做完。而如用了after，即表示在兩天之后，完成的時間是不確定的。after, behind after多用于表示順序的前后，例如：she walked in the line after tom. 或用來表示"追趕"，表示一種動態(tài)，如：he ran after mary. 而behind多用于強調(diào)先進與落后，如：she is much behind the other girls in sewing. 或者用于表達"遲于"，如：the train

3、was ten minutes behind the time table. 或者與表示靜態(tài)的動詞連用，如：she hid herself behind the flowers.against, for against意為"反對"、"不贊成"；而for則意為"同意"，為其反意詞。如： are you for or against the plan?already, yet already多用于肯定句中，例如：the students have already finished the work. 而yet則多用于疑問句與否定句中，如：

4、have you finished it yet? i haven't finished it yet.also too also與too都可用在肯定句中表示"也"，但also通常用于be動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后，如：i can also do it myself. 而too一般放于句尾。例如:i'll attend his class, too.another, other, the other, the others, others 要注意英語中another, other, the other, the others, others的不同用法，現(xiàn)分別說明如下

5、： another作形容詞其意為：泛指的另一個或再一個，別的，類似的。一般在句中作定語，如: this is not good enough, please show me another one. another 還可以作為代詞用，如：one student said："i want to play baskball." another said："i want to play football."other作形容詞其意為"泛指其余的，別的"。如：i have other books besides these. ask some

6、other people please. the other則為特指，作形容詞時其后面可接單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：she has two flowers. one is white, the other one is yellow. (特指，單數(shù))there are fifty students in our class, twenty five are boys, the other students are girls. (特指，復(fù)數(shù))但當(dāng)the other作為代詞時，它代表的可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)，如：he has a book in one hand, and a pen in the

7、other. (單數(shù))there are some people in the room. four are girls, the other(復(fù)數(shù))are boys. 要注意的是當(dāng)the other作主語時，其后面的謂語動詞要視具體情況而定，它可能是單數(shù)，也可能是復(fù)數(shù)。others則只能作代詞，其意為other ones即為：泛指某些，某一部分人或物，如：each of us must think of others. the others只能作為代詞，它是特指某一些人或物，如：i know only one or two of the students; the others are un

8、known to me.answer, replyanswer與reply是近意詞，作為及物動詞用時有時二者是可以互換的，如：the student answered/replied that he wanted to watch tv. 但在某些特定場合則不易互換。作為應(yīng)答之意時則多用answer，如：you should answer to your name. please answer my letter as soon as possible. answer my question in english.around, round 作介詞用的around與round通?？梢曰Q，只不

9、過美語常用around，而英語常用round，例如：you can see the post office round/around that corner.繞過那個彎你就可以看到郵局。但是一定要區(qū)別它們的不同之處：round可以用作形容詞、副詞、介詞、動詞、名詞；而around只能用作副詞或介詞。例如：the post office is just round (around) the house (用作介詞). he has round face (用作形容詞). the river rounded the stones. (用作動詞)arrive, reach, get arrive是不

10、及物動詞。如： he arrived in london at 7 yesterday morning.reach則是及物動詞。如：how did you reach the school this morning? get可用作不及物動詞，作"到達"講時其后面多與to連用。如：when did you get to new york?at, in, on 在表示時間時用來表示具體鐘點用at，如：he will be back at six. 表示一天的上、 下午時要用in,如：i usually get up at six in the morning. 但要注意的是，i

11、n the morning和in the afternoon這兩個詞組中如果加入了任何修飾詞，其介詞要換為on，如：on the cold morning, on the hot afternoon.又如：see you on monday morning. 如講到具體的某一天，要用on, 如：on sunday, 如：i usually want to visit my mother on sundays. 在談到周、月、季、年時要用in，如：all the children will be happy in easter week. he was born in july. 但要注意在泛指

12、圣誕節(jié)、復(fù)活節(jié)、感恩節(jié)時都用at, 如：where are you going at easter.beat, winwin是勝過之意,它是及物動詞，但其后的賓語只能接比賽、戰(zhàn)爭、獎品、獎金的名稱，如：which team won the football match? beat指打敗對手、敵人如：my brother beat me at poker.(要注意的是，beat的過去式與原形相同，而過去分詞為beaten)。because, because of because后要接從句，例如：we like physics because we can learn a lot of new i

13、deas. because of后要接名詞作介詞賓語，如：he is not at school because of the illness.before, ago用ago組成的時間狀語其主句中的謂語動詞要用過去時，而before引起的時間狀語其主句中的謂語動詞多用完成時，如：i has done this work a few days before.before long, long before before long是"不久"之意，例如：i shall go to america before long. long before則是"很久很久"

14、之意，如：we knew this teacher long before we saw him.我們在看到這位老師之前很久就知道他begin, start begin與start兩詞后面加不定式或動名詞都可以，且意思并無區(qū)別，但在表達習(xí)慣時接動名詞的用法較多，如：how old were you when you first started learning english?但這兩個詞的進行時態(tài)中則多用不定式，如：i was beginning to get hungry. 如果句子的主語是物而不是人，則多用不定式，如：the ice began to melt. it started to

15、 get dark before we got to school. 當(dāng)動詞是表達某種心理狀態(tài)時，要用不定式，如：the student began to understand his mistakes.below, underunder意為"正下方"，而below意為"比低"，或指"在下游"。如：there is a fall below the river. 河的下游有一個瀑布。 其反義詞為over，如：there is a big plane flying over the city. 但在"下面的例子"一表

16、達語中則要用the example below, 而不要用under.beside, by, near beside意為"在旁"，如：there is a tall tree beside the river. by多指"倚、靠"、"沿著"之意，如：she is standing by the window. near多用來表示兩地間距離不遠，如：there is a post office near our school.borrow, lend, keep英語中有三個詞都可譯為"借"，但意義各不相同。borro

17、w是指"借入"，其常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)是borrow something from somebody，如： i want to borrow some books from the library. 這是個瞬間性動詞，不可與表示延續(xù)的時間狀語連用。lend 是"借出"，即借給別人東西。其常用句型是lend somebody something, 或lend something to somebody.如： i can lend you my bike. could you lend us your dictionary? could you lend your

18、dictionary to us? 它也是瞬間性動詞，也不能與延續(xù)的時間狀語連用。keep為"借多久"，是延續(xù)性動詞，可以和表示長時間段的時間狀語連用，也可與how long等疑問詞連用，如： you can keep it for three days. how long can i keep it?bring, take, fetch 英語中bring是"帶來"，而take是"帶走"。還有一個詞fetch, 表示"到某處去把某物取、接回來"。如：please fetch the doctor at once.c

19、all on, drop in, visit call on比較正式的為公務(wù)的訪問，如：we were called on by the old students. drop in則是比較隨便的走走，順便拜訪，drop in on +人 拜訪某人 ，drop in at + 地點 拜訪某地。如：if you're free, drop in. visit則是更正式的外交訪問或友好往來，如： my school's headmaster will visit america next week.can, be able to can與be able to都可以用來表示能力，但ca

20、n只有現(xiàn)在時與過去時，be able to則可用任何時態(tài)，如：he will be able to teach the child. 但要表示經(jīng)過努力而達到的一次性動作則只能用be able to，如： he finally was able to jump over 2.10 meters. the plane was able to fly over the mountain. 但要注意的是這兩個詞都沒有進行時態(tài)，而be able to后面不接不定式的被動態(tài)。can, could can與could都可以用在現(xiàn)在時的口語中，只是用could更為禮貌，語氣更委婉。如：could you te

21、ll us a story? care for, care ofcare for是"對某物感興趣"，而care of是"關(guān)心，要當(dāng)心某事"，如：she didn't care for him. take care of what you are doing.change for, change with change for為"以某物為交換物"。而change with則是"隨而變"，如：the wood's colour changed with the season.cheap, low工資的高

22、低要用low，cheap是指價格便宜，如果要講物美價廉則要用not expensive, 如：this car is not expensive.close, shut, turn shut與close是同義詞，如close the door或shut the door. 但要講把某人關(guān)在門外時則只能用shut somebody out而不能用close，因shut語氣較強，并含有隔離之意。而turn off是指關(guān)上電視、電燈、煤氣之類，有切斷之意。cloth, clothes, dress, shirt, sweater, suit cloth是"布"、"布料&

23、quot;，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。一塊布料是a piece of cloth, clothes統(tǒng)指衣服，是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，"一套衣服"要講a suit of clothes， 如果是"一件件衣服"應(yīng)講shirt, dress, sweater等。 而clothing是衣物的總稱，是不可數(shù)名詞。例如：this clothing is needed in warm countries. her clothes are made of fine cloth. 英語中的dress是指比較正式的服裝，如a school dress(校服)，a student dress(學(xué)生套

24、裝)，a working dress(工作服)。 一般來講男套裝用suit，女服則用dress；作男服的服裝店是tailor shop (tailor's), 而做女裝的服裝店是dressmaker's. dress作及物動詞當(dāng)"穿衣服"講時，其后不能接衣服而只能接人，如：the boy is still too young to dress himself. 但作為一種穿著打扮的狀態(tài)時，則多用其過去分詞作形容詞，如：he is not dressed in his new suit.she is dressed in red. 詞組dress up是過節(jié)日

25、時應(yīng)服裝整齊，如： they dressed up for the holiday. coffee, tea, water 雖然coffee, water, tea等都是物質(zhì)名詞，但是只有coffee可用coffees取代若干杯coffee,而其他的卻不行，其前要加a cup of或a glass e in, come into, enter come in與come into的意義相同，但come into后面要加賓語，而come in后面不用賓語。如i found someone came into my room. the door opened and the child

26、came in. enter常作為及物動詞使用，如： the bus entered the english tunnel.in the corner, at the corner in the corner是在建筑物內(nèi)部的角上，而at the corner是在外部的角上，如： there is a big tree at the corner of the building.cost, spend. take cost, spend. take都可以作"花費"講，但用法不同。cost的用法是"something+cost+somebody+時間或金錢"

27、，如：the book cost me ten dollars. spend的用法是"somebody+spend+時間+(in)doing something"或“somebody+spend+金錢+on something"，如：i spent two hours (in) writing this book. i spend two dollars on this book. take的用法則要用邏輯主語it:"it+takes+somebody+時間+to do something", 如： it took me an hour to

28、clean the classroom.cross, pass cross是指橫過某地，如：he crossed the square. pass則強調(diào)從某物體旁經(jīng)過，如： i mailed some letters when i passed the post office.cup, glass glass一般指由玻璃制成的器皿，而cup多指用陶瓷或金屬制成的杯子，且cup尤其用在獎杯上。喝酒多用的是玻璃制成的杯子，如 i drink a glass of wine at supper. （而不講i drink a cup of wine at supper.）date, daydate是指

29、具體日期。如問what's the date today? 應(yīng)回答具體日期："october 1st 1998."day是指1日(24小時)。如what day is today? 問的是星期幾，應(yīng)回答"it's sunday."dead, deadly dead在某些詞組里是"完全"、"的確"的意思，如dead right, dead tired, dead sure。而deadly則是"致命的"，如：the rich man had many deadly enemies.

30、cancer is a deadly disease. dead, died dead是形容詞，如：mrs ginty was dead. died是動詞die的過去式及過去分詞，如：she died in 1960.但英語中如表達出對某人去世的傷感說法是pass away, 如：my father passed away, this morning.dress, have on, put on, wear 要區(qū)別這幾個動詞需分清是表示動作的動詞還是表示狀態(tài)的動詞。表示狀態(tài)的動詞是have on和wear，如：he has on a white coat. he was wearing hea

31、vy shoes. put on則表示穿衣的動作，如：put on your coat, it is cold outside.dress即可以作狀態(tài)又可以作動作，作動作講時其后面接人而不能接衣服，作穿著狀態(tài)時則多用dressed的形式。如：i saw a lady dressed in red. i saw a girl dressing herself.drop, falldrop與fall都可以表示"落下、掉下"之意，有時可以互換，如：the dictionary fell (dropped) from the table. 但drop還可以作及物動詞，而fall一般

32、只能作不及物動詞。each, everyeach與every都作形容詞講時，都有"每個"之意，但有不同。each多指個體，而every則多指整體。如：we want every student to succeed. each不用來表達總體概念，所以不能與almost, nearly, likely等詞連用。each other, one another each other與one another這兩個詞組的區(qū)別在很多語法書中強調(diào)each other是兩者之間，而one another是多者之間，其實不然，如：all students must care for each

33、 other, must love and help each other. 事實上這兩個詞組是同義的，如果要講有什么區(qū)別的話，當(dāng)我們非?；\統(tǒng)地談，而不特指什么人時，多用one another.in, on, at在講述地理位置時，有3個介詞常用，它們是in, on和to, 其中in表示處于所表達的范圍之內(nèi)，如：shanghai is in the east of china. on則表示雙方接壤，如：north korea is on the northeast of china. 表示互不相接的兩部分時則用to, 如：taiwan is to the east of fujian.fart

34、her, further far有兩個比較級，即farther和further，其意思略有不同：farther主要用于表示距離的遠近，如：milan is farther away than rome. further則是指"進一步的"，如：will we need any further discussion on this matter.fast, soon fast指行動本身的速度快，如：the foreigner speaks too fast. soon則多指兩個動作之間間隔短，時間到來的迅速，如：she will come soon.in the field,

35、on the fieldin the field是"在田野上"或是"在某一學(xué)科領(lǐng)域內(nèi)"，而on the field則多指"在戰(zhàn)場上"。如：he lost his life on the battle field.fill, full fill是動詞，但有及物與不及物兩種用法，當(dāng)表示"充滿"之意時是不及物動詞，應(yīng)用fill with，如：the little girl's eyes filled with tears. 當(dāng)表示"使裝滿某物"時，是及物動詞，如：he filled his p

36、ocket with books. be filled with應(yīng)看作系表結(jié)構(gòu)，如：the boy's mother was filled with anger. full是形容詞，要用be full of這一詞組，如：the boy was full of joy.find, find out find out意為"找出、算出、發(fā)現(xiàn)"，如：i have found out how to do it. find的主要側(cè)重點在找到某物，如：i find my book under the desk.forget to do sth., forget doing sth

37、.要注意forget to do something為"忘了去作某事"，而forget doing something則應(yīng)譯為"對已經(jīng)作過的事記不起來了"。如：he forget returning the book to the library.他忘記已把書還給圖書館這件事了。同樣用法的詞還有remember和regret.go, comego是指離開說話人所在地，而come指的是朝向說話人的方向：如：come here! can i come and help you?但在口語中也有一些例外，如表示要參加到某人或者某件活動時常用come, 如：we

38、are going to have a party tonight. would you like to come with us?gone, been he has gone to shanghai. 指此人已去上海不在此地了。he has been to shanghai. 指此人去過上海現(xiàn)已回來了。gold, goldengold作形容詞指"金質(zhì)的"，如：a gold ring， a gold coin，golden是"金色的"，如：golden age(金色的時代)，但"金魚"例外，為gold fish。good, well

39、he is good. 他是個好人。he is well.他身體不錯。i feel good. 我精神狀態(tài)良好，i feel well.我身體狀況不錯。be good for是"對有利、有好處"，而be good to是指"對待某人不錯"，如：your friend is very good to me.hear, listen to hear一詞為聽見了什么，或聽到什么，強調(diào)其結(jié)果；而listen to則強調(diào)有意要聽，聽的傾向。如：i want to listen to you, but i hear nothing.但詞組hear about (of

40、)則為"聽說過"之意，如：i heard about this. 我聽說過此事。hear from則為"收到某人信件"之意：i often hear from my girl friend.help do, help to dohelp其句型是help somebody do (to do) something. 意為"幫某人作某事"，但在較古老的語法中不帶to的不定式表示句子的主語參加這個動作，如：he help his mother cook the meal. 他和母親一起作飯。he help me to do my homew

41、ork. 他指導(dǎo)我做作業(yè)。但在現(xiàn)代英語中這個區(qū)別則往往被取消了。所以帶to與不帶to的不定式在句中意思相同，并無區(qū)別。high, tall英語中的兩個"高"high和tall，其中tall指人指物都是可以的，但high則只指物體的高，所以可以講this building is the highest building in the city.但tall一般不用來指山脈的高低。home, house, family home是指與親人一起居住的地方，可以講a letter from home，所以有人解釋home包括住處和家人。而house的側(cè)重點則在建筑物，如many ne

42、w houses were built this year.family一詞，作為整體講其謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如：her family is a happy one.而作為家庭成員講時要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞，如：my family are all like swimming.hope, withhope一詞不能接賓語再加上賓語補足語，但它可以接不定式作賓語，如：i hope to be a scientist.而wish卻可以接賓語加賓語補足語，如：i wish you to be a good student.in hospital, in the hospitalin hospital為"

43、住院就醫(yī)"。而in (at) the hospital 為"在醫(yī)院(工作)"。如：he is a doctor in (at) the hospital.類似的用法還有很多，如："上學(xué)"為go to school，at school為"在校就讀"，go to bed為"上床睡覺"。ill, sickill和sick都可以作表語，如： i'm ill (sick). 美國英語中常用sick，而英國英語中兩者都可用，但ill一般不作定語。interesting, interested修飾物時應(yīng)用int

44、eresting, 如，an interesting film，而講某人對某事感興趣時要用過去分詞interested，如： i'm interested in this playhe is an interesting man. .他是一個十分有趣的人。所以interesting是"令人感興趣"之意，而interested則表示某人對某事物感興趣，多用"be interested in something"這一句型。join, attend, take part injoin經(jīng)常用于參加某個團體、政黨，并作為其中的一個成員；attend則重點強

45、調(diào)出會議、到場，而不一定進行具體活動，如： did you attend the meeting yesterday?而take part in則強調(diào)參與某些具體活動或運動，如： i take part in the football game.just, justly just常用于三種含意： 恰好，如： it's just five o'clock. 僅僅，相當(dāng)于only, 如： i have just enough money to buy a dictionary. 不久前，如： i just missed my old friend; he left a few mi

46、nutes ago. 而justly其意為"公正的"，如： he was justly punished for his crimes. keep doing sth., keep on doing sth.keep doing something為連續(xù)不斷地做某事。有時可以與keep on doing something互換。它們的區(qū)別在于keep doing something意為該動作一直不停地在進行中，如： when the train started, she kept waving her hand.而keep on doing something則表示該動作可

47、能有停頓但卻一直在進行中，如： he kept on making the same mistakes in grammar.keep up with, keep upwe must keep up with the times.我們必須趕上時代keep up with是"趕上"之意，而keep up則是"堅持下去"的意思，如： keep it up, don't stop now!of sth., to sth.英語中講某某的東西一般要用of，而key, entrance, answer則多用to，如："門的鑰匙"為key

48、to the door, "高速公路入口"為entrance to the highway, "問題的答案"為the answer (key) to the question.kind, sort, type kind和sort為同義詞，意為"種類"，而type則為"型號"，如： what type of this car do you want?(你想要這種車的什么型號?)know, know of i know him. 我很了解他。i know of him. 我聽說過他。 同樣的用法還有hear和hear

49、of這一詞組。last, the last 當(dāng)談到與目前有關(guān)的上月、上星期等概念時只能用last month, last week, 而不能加定冠詞，the last 可用于表示一系列詞的最后一個，如： that was the last christmas i spent at home. 但the last可以用來表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一個長時期，如： i am busy for the last week.late, latter, later, lately late有兩個比較級，指時間較晚應(yīng)用later，如口語中常講： see you later. (一會見。)而latter則指按順序講的

50、后者，或靠后的，其反意詞為former，如： the former president(前總統(tǒng))。i can understand the latter part of the story. 而lately則意為"近來"、"不久前"。learn, studystudy與learn在作"學(xué)習(xí)"講時，常?？梢曰Q，但learn側(cè)重于學(xué)習(xí)成果或初級階段的模仿性學(xué)習(xí)，如：the little baby is learning to walk. 而study則多側(cè)重于學(xué)習(xí)的過程，如： i'm studying at this colle

51、ge. 而learnby heart則是"記住"、"背誦"之意。leave, leave for, forget leave for一詞組為"去某地"，如對話中常講i'll leave for shanghai. 因所離開的地點是雙方都知道的則可以省略。如：i've forgotten my homework.如果句中有地點狀語則不要用forget, 而要用leave.如：i've left my homework at home.loud, aloud loud多指把聲音放大，而aloud則指要出聲不要默讀。

52、如：-what did you say?-oh, nothing, i was just think aloud. (我只不過自言自語。)maybe, perhaps 這兩個詞的詞意一樣，maybe常用于非正式談話，而perhaps則多用在正式文體中。如： maybe/perhaps the weather will get better. julius caesar is perhaps the greatest of shakespeare's early plays.must, have to must用來表示說話者覺得某件事有必要去做，如i must stop smoking.

53、 我自己認(rèn)為我要戒煙。而have to則多用來表達由于來自外界的因素而不得不去做的事，如： i have to go to school tomorrow.must無過去式，當(dāng)用在講過去某件必須要做的事時要用had to, 如： when i was young, i had to go to the factory.在否定句中mustn't意為：一定不要做某事，如： you mustn't tell this to tom. 而haven't to則多意為沒有必要去做，如： you don't have to tell this to tom. 而英語中多用n

54、eedn't 來取代haven't to.by, near we lived near the city. 與we lived by the city. 兩句話都是對的，但其表達的意義有所不同，by在表達距離時比near更近，所以by the city是緊靠近某城市。no, none, notno是個限定詞，它可以用在可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞前，如： no news is good news. 但如果名詞前有另一限定詞時則不能用no，而要用none of，如none of the students was her.要使句子具有部分否定的意思，我們用not，如： i can see you tomorrow, but not sunday. 如果是全部否定則用no，如sorry, there is no time to talk.no one, none no one與nobody一樣不能接of結(jié)構(gòu)，如： no one wished me good luck. 而要用of結(jié)構(gòu)時要用none, 如： none of my friends wished me good luck.other, the otherother作形容詞時沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，且作為泛指講時沒有定冠詞，如：ask some other people. 而加定冠詞后為特指。 the other可在句