山西晉城市陽城縣瑞義大型沼氣可研報(bào)告定稿1

1、山西晉城市陽城縣瑞義大型沼氣示范工程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目his company into two parts. they say that he is unfair to other people who want to sell similar software. because hefits his new software free in every new computer, the government says he is stopping other companies from selling their programs. this is not fair. everyone shoul

2、d be able to do what they can to make their company bigger. bill gates has not only done what he can to stop other competitors. he is very rich, but he is generous. he has given millions of dollars to help the education and the health of many children around the world. you could not meet a better ma

3、n than bill gates. a competitors of bill gates bill gates has been very successful and become very rich. he is very generous but how has he got his money? he has down this by making sure that no one else will be able to compete with his software. his software is not the best but it is used

4、 most widely in the world. when he sees what is needed, he makes a program and produces it quicker than anybody else. that way he gets a large part of the software market. then he works on improving the software later. he tries hard to stop others making better software. in 1995 the government tried

5、 to make things fairer for people like me. the government wanted to make microsoft into two companies so that neither of them was so strong nor so rich. this meant that they could not stop somebody else making new software. i always wonder how he could get so rich so quickly. has he done it by fair

6、means? or has he done it by being a computer bully? 必修二 unit 1 in search of the amber room frederick william i, the king of prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the russian people would have such an amazing history. this gift was the amber room, which was

7、given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. the amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey. the design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days. it was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the countrys best ar

8、tists about ten years to make. in fact, the room was not made to be a gift. it was designed for the palace of fredrick i. however, the next king of prussia, fredrick william i, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. in 1716 he gave it to peter the great. in return, the czar se

9、nt him a troop of his best soldiers. so the amber room became part of the czars winter palace in st petersburg. about four metres long, the room served as a small reception hall for important vistors.  later, catherine had the amber room moved to a palace outside st petersburg where she spent h

10、er summers. she told her artists to add more details to it. in 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted. almost six hundred candles lit the room, and its mirrors and pictures shone like gold. sadly, although the amber room was cnsidered one of the wonders of the world, it is now missing. 

11、in september 1941, the nazi army was near st petersburg. this was atime when the two countries were at war. before the nazis could get to the summer palace, the russians were able to remove some furnitures and small art objects from the amber room. however, some of the nazis secretly stole the room

12、itself. in less than two days 100000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven wooden boxes. there is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for konigsberg, which was at a time a german city on the baltic sea. after that, what happened to the amber room remains a mystery. recently, the russ

13、ians and germans have built a new amber room at the summer palace. by studying old photos of the former amber room, they have made the new one looke like the old one. in 2003 it was ready for the people of st petersburg when they celebrated the 300th bithday of their city.   a fact of

14、 an opinion what is a fact? is it something that people believe? no. a fact is anything that can be proved. for example, it can be proved that china has more people than any other country in the world. this is a fact. then what is an opinion? an opinion is what someone believes is true but

15、 has not been proved. so an opinoion is not good evidence in a trail. for example, it is an opinion if you say “cats are better pets than dogs”. it may be true, but it is difficult to prove. some people may not agree with this opinion but they also cannot prove that they are right. in a trail,

16、a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe. the judge does not consider what each eyewitness looks like or where that person lives or works. he/she only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information, which must be facts rather than opinions. this kind

17、of information is called evidence.   big feng to the rescue his friends and family call him “big feng” because he is bery tall and played basketball as a young man. but he is also big in a different way he fights hard to protect chinas past. his real name is feng jicai and he has

18、 written many novels about life in china. several years ago, however, he put down his pen for a while and began to protect the cltural relics in tianjin, where he lives. once someon asked him why he no longer wrote. he replied that at the moment he felt protecting cultural relics was more important.

19、  feng loves his hometown. he believes that old things must be given a plave next to new thins, or people will soon forget ther great past. he does not make speeches to get others to help him in his projects. instead he goes out and does what he can himeself. if others follow him, so much the b

20、etter. one of his biggest projects was to protect the oldest street in tianjin. along that street some shops had done business for seven hundred years. althought the city government rebuilt this street, they did save its oldest building. another project was more successful: he persuaded the city gov

21、ernment to buy some land in the centre of the city so it could not be sold for businesses. this area is very improtant for the history of tianjin. it was here that the city was first built during the song dynasty. later many treasures were found here. to feng, digging down in to the earth is li

22、ke reading page after page of a book. each dynasty found in the earth is like an interesting story. not long ago he and other writers and artists took photos of the old parts of tianjin. the photos were put into a book which was very popular. the money from the book helps his prjects. once, and old

23、man asked feng to sign a book for him, saying he would give it to his grandson who was not yet born. feng was glad to do it - he knows that he past is not only for us to enjoy but also for the children of the future.  unit 2 an interview pausanias, who was a greek writer about 20

24、00 year ago, has come on a magical journey on march 18th ,2007 to find out about the present-day olympic games. he is now interviewing li yan, a volunteer for the 2008 olympics games. p: my name is pausanias. i lived in what you call “ ancient greece” and i used to write about the olympic games

25、 a long time ago. ive come to your time to find out about the present-day olympic games because i know that in 2004 they were held in my homeland. may i ask you some questions about themodern olympics? l: good heavens! have reallycome from so long ago? but of course you can ask any questions yo

26、u like. what would you like to know? p: how often do you hold your games? l: every four years. there are two main sets of gamesthe winter and the summer olympics, and both are held every four years on a regular basis. the winter olympics are usually held two years before the summer games.

27、only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors. they may come from anywhere in the world. p: winter games? how can the runners enjoy competing in winter? and what about the horses? l: oh no! there are no running races or horse riding even

28、ts. instead there are competitions like skiing and ice skating which need snow and ice. thats why theyre called the winter olympics. its in the summer olympics that you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports. p: i see. earlier you said that athletes are

29、invited from all over the world. do you mean the greek world? our greek cities used to compete against each other just for the honour of winning. no other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women! l: nowadays any country can take part if their athletes are good enough. there are over

30、250 sports and each one has its own standard. women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics, athletics, team sports and  p: please wait a minute! all those events, all those countries and even women taking part! where are all the athletes housed? l: for each olym

31、pics, a special village is built for them to live in, a main reception building, several stadiums for competitions, and a gymnasium as well. p: thats sounds very expansive. does anyone want to host the olympic games? l: as a matter of fact,every country wants the opportunity. its a great r

32、esponsibility but also a great honour to be chosen. theres as much competitions among countries to host the olympics as to win olympic medals. the 2008 olympics will be held in beijing. p: oh yes! you must be very proud.  l: certainly. and after that the 2012 olympics will be held in londo

33、n. they have already started planning for it. a new village for the athletes and all the stadiums will be built to the east of london. new medals will be designed of course and  p: did you say medals? so even the olive wreath has been replaced! oh dear! do you compete for prize money too? 

34、l: no, we dont. its still all about being able to run faster, jumper higher and throw further. thats the motto of the olympics, you know“ swifter, higher and stronger.” p: well, thats a good news. how interesting! thank you so much for your time. the story of atlanta atlanta was a gre

35、ek princess. she was very beautiful and could run faster than any man in greece. but she was not allowed to run and win glory for herself in the olympic games. she was so angry that she said to her farther that she would not marry anyone who could not run faster than her. her father said that she mu

36、st marry, so atlanta made a bargain with him. she said to him, “ these are my rules. when a man says he wants to marry me, i will run against him. if he cannot run as fast as me, he will be killed. no one will be pardoned.” many kings and princes wanted to marry atlanta, but when they heard of

37、her rules they knew it was hopeless. so many of them sadly went home, but others stayed to run the race. there was a man called hippomenes who was amazed when he heard of atlantas rules, “ why are these men so foolish?” hethought. “ why will they let themselves be killed because they cannot run as f

38、ast as this princess?” however, when he saw atlanta come out of her house to run, hippomenes changed his mind. “ i will marry atlantaor die !“ he said. the race started and although the man ran very fast, atlanta ran faster. as hippomenes watched he thought, “ how can i run as fast as atlanta?”

39、 he went to ask the greek goddess of love for help. she promised to help him and gave him three golden apples. she said, “ throw an apple in front of atlanta when she is running past. when she stops to pick it up, you will be able to run past her and win.” hippomenes took the apples and went to the

40、king. he said, “ i want to marry atlanta.” the king was sad to see another man die, but hippomenes said, “ i will marry her or die!” so the race began. three inspiring stories about the olympic games 1. the kind norwegian there is a cross-country skiing race which is part of the winte

41、r olympics. in 2006 a canadian skier, sara renner, was taking part in the cross-country final when her left pole broke. this was a serious problem as she needed the pole to help her travel quickly through the deep snow. immediately bjornar hakensmoen , the coach of the norwegian team, gave her anoth

42、er pole. so renner was able to get a silver medal. hakensmoen said that he had only behaved as any good sportsman should, but sara said that hakensmoen had shown everybody the true meaning of sport. 2. the special olympic athlete for athlete eric williams gold medals are nice, but good spo

43、rtsmanship is more important. eric has a low mental ability but this does not stop him from taking apart in the olympics. in 2005 eric competed in running races and the long jump. he said, “ ive been competing in the special olympics ever since目 錄第一章 總論1第二章 項(xiàng)目背景3第三章 市場(chǎng)分析10第四章 項(xiàng)目選址方案13第五章 產(chǎn)品方案與建設(shè)規(guī)模15

44、第六章 工藝技術(shù)方案與設(shè)備選型17第七章 建設(shè)內(nèi)容22第八章 環(huán)境保護(hù)與安全生產(chǎn)32第九章 項(xiàng)目組織管理及實(shí)施進(jìn)度安排35第十章 投資估算與資金籌措37第十一章 財(cái)務(wù)評(píng)價(jià)41第十二章 效益評(píng)價(jià)43第十三章 結(jié)論與建議45第十四章 附表、附圖、附件46第一章 總論1.1項(xiàng)目概要1.1.1、項(xiàng)目名稱：山西晉城市陽城縣瑞義農(nóng)牧有限公司大型沼氣示范工程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目1.1.2、項(xiàng)目建設(shè)單位：山西晉城市陽城縣瑞義農(nóng)牧有限公司1.1.3、項(xiàng)目建設(shè)單位負(fù)責(zé)人：于章瑞1.1.4、建設(shè)性質(zhì)：新建1.1.5、項(xiàng)目建設(shè)地點(diǎn)：山西晉城市陽城縣演禮鄉(xiāng)獻(xiàn)義村1.1.6、項(xiàng)目建設(shè)期限：2006年10月至2007年10月1.1.7

45、、項(xiàng)目主管部門：山西省農(nóng)業(yè)廳1.1.8、項(xiàng)目監(jiān)管單位：山西省農(nóng)村可再生能源辦公室1.1.9、項(xiàng)目建設(shè)規(guī)模及產(chǎn)品方案：項(xiàng)目建設(shè)在晉城市陽城縣演禮鄉(xiāng)獻(xiàn)義村的下風(fēng)向西北20畝的空地上，項(xiàng)目建設(shè)用地20畝（晉城市陽城縣瑞義農(nóng)牧有限公司己征土地范圍內(nèi)）；項(xiàng)目利用陽城縣瑞義農(nóng)牧有限公司生豬養(yǎng)殖基地存欄5600的糞便及屠宰加工廢水產(chǎn)沼，擬采用目前在山西運(yùn)行良好的500m3改良型usr厭氧反應(yīng)器二座；年產(chǎn)沼氣14.89萬立方米，沼氣用于該公司發(fā)電、生產(chǎn)生活用能和鄰近陽城縣演禮鄉(xiāng)獻(xiàn)義村200戶村民生活用能；年產(chǎn)沼液1.3萬噸，經(jīng)過固液分離的固體沼渣曬干粉碎后作有機(jī)固肥和飼料添加劑的干沼渣年產(chǎn)923.5噸；經(jīng)過固

46、液分離的液體沼液采用管道輸送到鄰近的200余畝果蔬田中噴灌、滲灌和滴灌800畝的耕地用肥；整個(gè)項(xiàng)目是“變廢為寶、資源全面綜合利用的生態(tài)環(huán)保工程”，對(duì)晉城市畜禽業(yè)發(fā)展和拉動(dòng)有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展具有重大推動(dòng)和示范意義。1.1.10、項(xiàng)目主要建設(shè)內(nèi)容：改造完善晉城市陽城縣瑞義農(nóng)牧有限公司新老生豬養(yǎng)殖基地雨污分流、干濕分開減量化系統(tǒng)的改建，新建6m3污泥池一口、20m3集水池一口、15m3調(diào)漿調(diào)節(jié)計(jì)量池一口、調(diào)漿池房40m2、發(fā)電、泵房81m2、固液分離機(jī)房52m2；有機(jī)肥加工庫房81m2、厭氧反應(yīng)器500m3一座、沼氣貯氣柜300m3一座、酸化池60m3、沼液池60m3、田間沼液簡易貯存池5000m3、

47、圍墻、道路場(chǎng)地、花臺(tái)、照壁、大門及供氣、沼液噴灌、工藝管道、機(jī)械設(shè)施、沼液消納等配套系統(tǒng)。1.1.11、項(xiàng)目投資估算：示范工程項(xiàng)目總投入177.48萬元，其中申請(qǐng)國家投入100萬元，地方配套50萬元（其中市財(cái)政25萬元、縣財(cái)政25萬元）企業(yè)自籌27.48萬元。1.1.12、效益分析：經(jīng)濟(jì)效益為年產(chǎn)“三沼”銷售收入為78.65萬元，年創(chuàng)稅利合計(jì)38.27萬元；社會(huì)、生態(tài)、節(jié)能效益相當(dāng)明顯于經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。1.2、結(jié)論與建議我國畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)近年間發(fā)展迅速，但在排泄物快速處理方面的技術(shù)、政策相對(duì)滯后。該項(xiàng)目針對(duì)山西省養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的發(fā)展和環(huán)境保護(hù)之間出現(xiàn)的矛盾，建設(shè)大型沼氣工程項(xiàng)目，變廢為寶、資源綜合利用，對(duì)減少畜

48、禽養(yǎng)殖污染、改善生態(tài)環(huán)境和促進(jìn)畜牧業(yè)的健康發(fā)展和發(fā)展生態(tài)有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)具有重大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。項(xiàng)目建設(shè)方案科學(xué)合理，建設(shè)規(guī)模適中，投資結(jié)構(gòu)合理，社會(huì)效益、節(jié)能效益和生態(tài)效益顯著。綜合上述分析，本項(xiàng)目可行，建議國家農(nóng)業(yè)部批準(zhǔn)立項(xiàng)。1.3、編制依據(jù)1.3.1、國家農(nóng)業(yè)部大中型畜禽養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)糞便綜合利用“能源環(huán)?！惫こ淌逡?guī)劃1.3.2、農(nóng)業(yè)部制定的2005年農(nóng)業(yè)國債項(xiàng)目投資指南；1.3.3、國家環(huán)境保護(hù)總局令 第9號(hào)畜禽養(yǎng)殖污染防治管理辦法；1.3.4、中國農(nóng)業(yè)出版社出版的農(nóng)村能源工程學(xué);1.3.5、化學(xué)出版社出版的有機(jī)肥料加工與施用、農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境保護(hù)；1.3.6、中國環(huán)境科學(xué)出版社出版的全國規(guī)?；笄蒺B(yǎng)殖污染情況

49、調(diào)查及防治對(duì)策；1.3.7、中國電力出版社出版的投資項(xiàng)目可行性研究指南；1.3.8、山西省發(fā)展和改革委員會(huì)與山西省建設(shè)廳制定的山西省建設(shè)工程其他費(fèi)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；1.3.9、農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，gb5084-1992;畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；1.3.10、建筑結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)可靠度設(shè)計(jì)統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn) gb50068-2001；1.3.11、建筑結(jié)構(gòu)荷載規(guī)范 gb50009-2001；1.3.12、混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范 gb50010-2002；1.3.13、建筑抗震設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)程 gb50011-2001；1.3.14、鋼結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范 gb50017-2001；1.3.15、地表水環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ghzb1-1999；1.3

50、.16、畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)污染物防治技術(shù)規(guī)范hj/t8120011.3.17、畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn) gb18596-20011.3.18、畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)能源環(huán)保工程設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范ny0520051.3.19、其它相關(guān)的國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范。1.3.20、項(xiàng)目單位提供的有關(guān)資料。1.4、主要技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)主要技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo) 單位mg/l 序號(hào)主要工程項(xiàng)目名稱bod5codcrnh3n1豬糞、尿污水調(diào)漿90001000012002格柵沉砂、集水池810090008003厭氧反應(yīng)567027007204沼液儲(chǔ)存455024304005固液分離清液272012002006固液分離清液儲(chǔ)水調(diào)配

51、系統(tǒng)200350200400801008農(nóng)田、果園或蔬菜田噴灌000第二章 項(xiàng)目背景2.1、項(xiàng)目的由來2.1.1、當(dāng)?shù)匦笄蒺B(yǎng)殖污染現(xiàn)狀當(dāng)?shù)仞B(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)目前沒有糞便處理的條件和設(shè)施，也沒有大中型沼氣工程，牧畜糞便采用集中堆放漚制后，供給當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民做有機(jī)肥使用，占地面積大，對(duì)環(huán)境的污染較大。2.1.2、當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)村能源使用現(xiàn)狀和存在問題晉城市農(nóng)村生活取暖、做飯采用燃燒型煤，有相當(dāng)一部分農(nóng)戶用燃燒作物秸稈來解決能源問題，既造成資源浪費(fèi)又污染環(huán)境。開發(fā)新型能源利用沼氣群眾積極性相當(dāng)高。2.1.3、當(dāng)?shù)卣龀终吆驼託鈶?yīng)用現(xiàn)狀晉城市2003年開始進(jìn)行戶用沼氣建設(shè)，為了推進(jìn)沼氣建設(shè)的持續(xù)有效開展，晉城市政府先后出臺(tái)

52、了關(guān)于加快農(nóng)村沼氣化建設(shè)的實(shí)施意見、關(guān)于全面實(shí)施農(nóng)產(chǎn)品無害化建設(shè)的發(fā)展規(guī)劃等相關(guān)配套政策，一方面加大戶用沼氣宣傳和推廣力度，完成高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“一池三改”戶沼氣池，目前，已建設(shè)完成沼氣戶3000多個(gè)，涉及全市的130個(gè)村。另一方面進(jìn)行大中型沼氣試點(diǎn)示范建設(shè)，為解決適應(yīng)大中型畜禽業(yè)發(fā)展的環(huán)境保護(hù)和發(fā)展生態(tài)有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)，解決小城鎮(zhèn)集中供應(yīng)沼氣和日趨石油液化氣緊缺而提高價(jià)格農(nóng)民難以承受的矛盾。2.1.4、當(dāng)?shù)赜袡C(jī)肥的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀全市有機(jī)肥在農(nóng)業(yè)種植生產(chǎn)運(yùn)用大體占到總肥量的30%，其中80%局限于大田作物和蔬菜、瓜果等種植產(chǎn)業(yè)，年施有機(jī)肥總量約3萬噸，隨著近年來無公害建設(shè)力度的不斷加大，農(nóng)民在種植生產(chǎn)過程中對(duì)有機(jī)肥的

53、需求量日益加大，有機(jī)肥年市場(chǎng)缺口在10萬噸以上。2.2、項(xiàng)目建設(shè)的必要性近年來，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和人民生活水平的提高，對(duì)肉、蛋、奶等畜產(chǎn)品的需求增加，為豐富城鎮(zhèn)副食品供應(yīng)，山西省政府十分重視畜牧業(yè)的發(fā)展，在全省大中城市和主要產(chǎn)區(qū)相繼實(shí)施了一批“菜籃子工程”。“菜籃子工程”的實(shí)施，促進(jìn)了山西省的禽畜飼養(yǎng)業(yè)向著規(guī)?；?、集約化的方向發(fā)展。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，到2002年底，全省出欄商品肉豬637萬頭，家禽4131萬只，肉羊599萬只，肉牛59.8萬頭，存欄奶牛17.56萬頭。全省34個(gè)省級(jí)瘦肉型豬基地縣發(fā)展已初具規(guī)模，生產(chǎn)能力、生產(chǎn)水平、科技含量均已達(dá)到較高水平。目前全省年出欄100頭以上的集約化豬場(chǎng)共有4095

54、個(gè)，出欄生豬134萬頭。其中年出欄生豬100-500頭的養(yǎng)豬場(chǎng)有3689個(gè)，500-3000頭的養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)有376個(gè)，3000-10000頭的養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)有25個(gè)，10000-50000頭的養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)有5個(gè)。集約化養(yǎng)殖已成為全省畜牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的主力軍，并且朝著標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化生產(chǎn)、產(chǎn)業(yè)化經(jīng)營、規(guī)?；芾矸较蜻~進(jìn)。集約化養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的發(fā)展?jié)M足了人們不斷增長的生活需求，為提高城鄉(xiāng)居民生活水平、農(nóng)業(yè)增效、農(nóng)民增收做出了貢獻(xiàn)，但與之俱來是，大量的畜禽糞便過渡集中和沖洗水大量增加帶來了一系列環(huán)境問題。由于絕大多數(shù)畜禽場(chǎng)的糞便未得到處理和利用，使得大中城市周邊地帶和郊區(qū)農(nóng)村單位土地面積的糞便承載量過高，糞水的肆意排放。這些污染物對(duì)

55、周圍環(huán)境造成了極其嚴(yán)重的影響，制約了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展： 2.2.1、污染水質(zhì)糞便中的某些有害物質(zhì)，如蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪酸腐敗的產(chǎn)物（也是糞便惡臭的構(gòu)成物質(zhì)）能溶解于水，使水具有臭味，從而惡化了水質(zhì)，使之不適于人畜的飲用。這些腐敗性有機(jī)物質(zhì)進(jìn)入水體，經(jīng)微生物分解后，會(huì)釋放氮、磷等富營養(yǎng)成分，促使水中藻類等水生生物大量繁殖，引起水質(zhì)的富營養(yǎng)化。另外，糞便中的病原微生物（或寄生蟲等）進(jìn)入河道后，能夠通過水體或水生動(dòng)植物進(jìn)行快速的擴(kuò)散和傳播，直接或間接的傳染各種疾病。畜禽糞便造成水質(zhì)污染的同時(shí)，還造成了雜草叢生、河床淤積，甚至堵塞了河道，妨礙了防洪和排澇，威脅著飲用水水源的安全。某些地區(qū)還發(fā)生過當(dāng)?shù)鼐用?/p>

56、與畜禽場(chǎng)之間的矛盾沖突等嚴(yán)重事件。2.2.2、產(chǎn)生惡臭污染空氣在厭氧條件下，畜禽糞便在某些微生物的作用下，碳水化合物分解為甲烷、有機(jī)酸和醇類的帶酸臭味的氣體；蛋白質(zhì)和脂類分解為氨、硫化氫、甲硫醇和糞臭素等有惡臭的含氮和硫的化合物。這些臭氣嚴(yán)重惡化了畜禽場(chǎng)內(nèi)外大氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量，對(duì)畜禽業(yè)工作人員產(chǎn)生危害，還會(huì)影響畜禽的生產(chǎn)性能、降低其生產(chǎn)力水平。2.2.3、污染土壤進(jìn)入土壤的畜禽糞便，其中的有機(jī)物質(zhì)本來可以通過微生物的作用完全分解，非但不會(huì)污染環(huán)境，而且可以向土壤提供植物生長所需要的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，維持土壤的自凈肥力，但是由于糞便堆積不施入土壤，堆積養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)附近，超過堆積土壤消化的能力，就造成污染。另外，還有

57、一些以土壤傳播為主的傳染病，這些病原體往往可以在土壤中寄生或以芽孢等形式在土壤中存活許多年，如炭疽和破傷風(fēng)等，許多寄生蟲也可以經(jīng)土壤或土壤中生活的動(dòng)物（如蚯蚓、甲蟲等）廣為傳播，形成巨大的潛在危害。2.2.4、沼氣應(yīng)用的需求沼氣,作為一種可再生優(yōu)質(zhì)清潔能源資源，無論是用做生活燃料，還是用于生產(chǎn)用能，都能夠減少日益枯竭的化石能源的消耗，山西省雖然是產(chǎn)煤能源大省，但近年來煤炭能源無計(jì)劃超量開采和由此而發(fā)生的安全事故日顯突出。因此，項(xiàng)目的建設(shè)是改善山西省當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境現(xiàn)狀、節(jié)約能源、實(shí)施有機(jī)生態(tài)可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的需要。本項(xiàng)目沼氣四季供周邊農(nóng)民生活用能，寒季利用晉城市晉宏實(shí)業(yè)有限公司礦廠下腳煤解決厭氧發(fā)酵加溫

58、問題，寒季多余沼氣供周圍菜農(nóng)作大棚蔬菜二氧化碳?xì)夥剩ù似陂g農(nóng)民自家取暖燒爐也不需要過多沼氣）；由于菜農(nóng)使用大棚種植反季節(jié)蔬菜，而大棚蔬菜內(nèi)因保暖長期封閉野外二氧化碳?xì)夥薀o法進(jìn)入，而蔬菜生長排出的氧氣嚴(yán)重超標(biāo)，致使蔬菜生長緩慢、產(chǎn)量下降，反季節(jié)蔬菜出現(xiàn)無野外蔬菜的口味品質(zhì)問題。本項(xiàng)目應(yīng)用大連地區(qū)生產(chǎn)的沼氣大棚蔬菜二氧化碳?xì)夥兽D(zhuǎn)換器，不但解決了蔬菜大棚內(nèi)缺二氧化碳?xì)夥蕟栴}，同時(shí)對(duì)蔬菜大棚內(nèi)溫度有所提高，可增產(chǎn)1618%，蔬菜的口味品質(zhì)可達(dá)到野外蔬菜的口味品質(zhì)。本項(xiàng)目建設(shè)地點(diǎn)距位于晉城市陽城縣8公里，交通便利，通訊方便。反季節(jié)蔬菜的需求量特別大，因此，沼氣用于大棚蔬菜二氧化碳?xì)夥兽D(zhuǎn)換的需求尤為重要。2.2.5、沼液沼渣有機(jī)肥的需求畜糞中富含有機(jī)質(zhì)，有機(jī)質(zhì)腐熟后形成腐殖質(zhì)儲(chǔ)存在土壤中，腐殖質(zhì)對(duì)改良土壤、培養(yǎng)地力有明顯效果。研究表明糞中的碳氮比越高，氮的含量相對(duì)越少，氮素就越不容易釋放出來。因此，家畜糞便在保持和提高土壤肥力的效果上遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過化肥。化肥中的磷酸鈣會(huì)與土壤中的石灰質(zhì)、鐵反映形成沉淀物，大大降低磷的利用率。有機(jī)肥料中的磷是有機(jī)磷，肥效優(yōu)于磷酸鈣，被固定的可能性少，相對(duì)提高了磷肥肥效。同時(shí)畜糞中的有機(jī)質(zhì)在積肥、施肥過程中，經(jīng)過微生物的加工分解以至重新合成，最后形成腐殖質(zhì)儲(chǔ)存在土壤中。腐殖質(zhì)對(duì)改良土壤、培養(yǎng)地力的作用是多方面的：它能調(diào)節(jié)土壤水分、溫度、空氣和肥效，適時(shí)滿足作物生