專題情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣考點(diǎn)薈萃： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的情感、態(tài)度等，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在近五年高考中主要考查四點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng) 詞表示推測(cè)和可能性的用法；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá) “情感、態(tài)度、語(yǔ)氣等 ”；情態(tài) 動(dòng)詞表示 “必要性 ”等方面的用法。虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考點(diǎn)主要集中在名詞性從句、條件句中的用法，以 及錯(cuò)綜條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的應(yīng)用?？键c(diǎn)解讀： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞意義語(yǔ)氣句式語(yǔ)境例句備注must一定可能性最大肯定句對(duì) 具 體 事 實(shí) 的 判 斷 A ：Look ，someone is coming. Who can it be? B: It may be our headmaster. A

2、: It can ' be him. He has gone to Shanghai. B: It must be Mr. Wang. He looks like our headmaster. That may not be true. He couldn't have discovered the truth. 對(duì) 現(xiàn) 在 的 行 為 或 狀 態(tài) 的 推 測(cè) ： mtu st/may/mig ht/can/ could do對(duì)過(guò)去的 行為或狀態(tài) 的推測(cè)： must/may/mig ht/can/ could have donemay/might（mi ght 可能性小 于

3、may）可能可能性較小， 尤其 might 最 不肯定肯定句、否定句（ 可能不 ）can/could （could 可能性 小于 can）可能疑問(wèn)句、否定句 （不可能 ）、 （could 有時(shí)也用于肯定 句）有時(shí)會(huì)肯定句should /ought to應(yīng)該 ，理應(yīng) It's 8 o'clock now. He should be in the office now. Hi, Mum! I'm on the bus. I should be home in about ten minutes.常表示在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)可能發(fā)生的事或 某人的期望。一般句末有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)， 或有語(yǔ)境暗示

4、。所表示的猜測(cè)發(fā)生的 可能性很大。注意： should （ought to） 表示推測(cè)是高考考查的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。如： When can I come for the photos ？ I need them tomorrow afternoon. They be ready by 12 ： 00.A can B should Cmight D need二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的其他用法1 can, could, may, might情態(tài)動(dòng)詞意義例句備注can/could能力 I can see some birds flying in the sky. Could the girl read before

5、she went to school?could 表示泛指過(guò)去的某一能力。表示過(guò)去有 能力并且成功地做了某事，通常用 was/were able to do，相當(dāng)于 managed to do/succeeded in doing 。如： Because he practised hard, he was able to pass the driving test.can/could允許 （有時(shí) 可與 may 互換）Can/May I have a look at your photos？can 與 could、 may 與 might 不表 時(shí)態(tài)差異，只是語(yǔ)氣上的差別， could/migh

6、t 比 can/may 更委婉。 注 意 在 回 答 時(shí) 不 能 用 could/ might 。請(qǐng)求 Can/Could you hand？ Yes, I can.lend me amay/might允許或請(qǐng) 求 You may take this if you like. May/Might I ask for a photo of your baby ？can 與 could、 may 與 might 不表 時(shí)態(tài)差異，只是語(yǔ)氣上的差別， could/might 比 can/may 更委婉。 注 意 在 回 答 時(shí) 不 能 用 could/ might 。2.must, should情態(tài)動(dòng)

7、詞意義例句備注must必須 We must help each other to overcome the difficulties. Must I finish the work today？ No, you needn't/you don't have to./Yes, you must. You mustn't take photos here, and it is forbidden. must 表示主觀意志， have to 表 示客觀。 如：They had to speed up, for the weather turned terrible. Must

8、 I/we ？的否定回答不能用 mustn't 。偏要硬要非要 Why must you always interrupt me？ Can I borrow your car, Mum ？ If you must.表示與說(shuō)話人愿望相反及不耐 煩。should應(yīng)該（常與 ought to 通 用）You should be polite to the old.ought to 的 否 定 式 ： ought not to(oughtn't to) ； 疑 問(wèn) 式 ： Ought to ？竟然It is strange that he should react in this wa

9、y.表示驚訝、意外等語(yǔ)氣。萬(wàn)一 Should anyone phone, tell them I will call back later. ( If anyone should phone ) If I should go there tomorrow, I would go to see her.用于 if 從句中強(qiáng)調(diào) “萬(wàn)一 ”，或用 于虛擬語(yǔ)氣。3. need, dare情態(tài)動(dòng)詞例句注意事項(xiàng)need I needn't go at once. Need you go at once？ Yes， I must. /No, I needn't. need 可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，

10、用于各種句式。 如：I need to go at once.I don't need to go at once. Do you need to go at once？ Yes， I do. need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞常用于否 定、疑問(wèn)或條件句中。dare He daren't cross the river. How dare you say that to me？dare 和 need 一樣， 既可以作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞， 也可用作實(shí)義 動(dòng)詞。用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和 條件句。用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可用于各種句式。如： He didn't dare （to） go out

11、 alone at night. （ 在否定句中 to 有 時(shí)可省略 ）4.shall/will/would情態(tài)動(dòng)詞意義例句備注shall表示征詢意 見(jiàn)。Shall I help you ？用于第一、第三人稱 疑問(wèn)句中。表示說(shuō)話人的 意愿，有 “命 令，允諾，警 告，決心 ”等意 思。 You shall do as I say. （ 命令 ） You shall have the book tomorrow. （ 允諾 ） If you don't get out, I shall knock you down.（警告）用于第二、第三人 稱。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will/would意義例句備注表

12、示意愿 I will do everything for you. None is so blind as those who won't see.表請(qǐng)求Will/ Would you please close the window ？用于疑問(wèn)句中。 would 更委婉表示 某種 傾向 或習(xí) 慣性 動(dòng)作 Fish will die without water. Every time she was in trouble ， she would turn to him for help. （would 指過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間的情況，常與 表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，意為 “總是，總會(huì) ”，后面只能

13、接動(dòng)作 性的動(dòng)詞。 ）used to表示與現(xiàn)在的情況相反， 表示 “ 過(guò)去如此而現(xiàn)在不再這樣 ”。其后既 可接表動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，也可接表狀態(tài)的 動(dòng)詞。如： There used to be an apple tree in front of the house. If you don't have a pen, a pencil will do. We tried the door again ， but it wouldn't open.表示功能 （能， 行）與否定 詞 連用 常表示 “拒絕 ”。will/would4.shall/will/would表示推測(cè) （ 可能、大概 ）

14、 This will be the house you are looking for. I would be about ten when my father left home.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 have done情態(tài)動(dòng)詞意義例句備注must have done ； may/might have done； can/could have done一定 (肯定句 ) ；可能 (肯定句和否定句 )；可 能 (疑問(wèn)句和否定句 )You can't/couldn't have met my grandmother. She died before you were born.對(duì)過(guò)去的事 情

15、的推測(cè)might have done; couldhave done； would have done本來(lái)可能做 而未 做；本可以做 而 未做；本來(lái)會(huì)做 而未做 He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy. We could have walked there, and it was so near.與過(guò)去事實(shí) 相反的虛擬 表達(dá)should/ought to have done本應(yīng)該做 而未做Your brother has failed English exam again. You ought to hav

16、e given him more help.表示責(zé)備needn't have done本不需要做 但卻 做了You needn't have wakened me up; I don't have to go to work today.四、虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推測(cè)。 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的用法if 從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反(1)(2)(3如果明天下雨的話，我就不開(kāi)車了。 如果我及時(shí)做的話，日子就好過(guò)多了。 .(1) 主句中的 should 通常用于第一人稱， would 可用于任何人稱。(2)

17、條件句中如果動(dòng)詞是 be，其過(guò)去式所有人稱的單復(fù)數(shù)都可用were；在第一、三人稱單數(shù)的口語(yǔ)中，可用 was 代替 were 。但在 if I were you 中，不能說(shuō)成 if I was you 。(3) 當(dāng)條件從句的行為與主句所表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，主從句中動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù) 它所標(biāo)示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整，這就是所謂的 “錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語(yǔ)氣 ”。如：If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他們以前努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，現(xiàn)在干得就會(huì)容易些了。If he had not taken my advice, he would

18、n't do it much better like this. 如果他不聽(tīng)我的建議，他就不會(huì)干得這么好了。(4) 在條件句中，如果有 were, had, should 等，則可省略 if ，但應(yīng)注意把 were, had, should 等提到 從句主語(yǔ)之前。如：If he were to come, I would join him in the discussion. (5) 有些虛擬條件句沒(méi)有從句，虛擬條件句是通過(guò)上下文或介詞短語(yǔ)表示出來(lái)的。如：But for air and water, there would be no life on the earth. 要是沒(méi)有空氣

19、和水，地球上就沒(méi)有生命。 (介詞短語(yǔ) but for 提供了虛擬條件 )With your help, we might finish the plan earlier. 要是有你的幫助，我們就可以早些完成任務(wù)。 (介 詞短語(yǔ) with your help 充當(dāng)虛擬條件句 ) 2虛擬語(yǔ)氣在 wish 從句中的用法賓語(yǔ)從句愿望I wish主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望主語(yǔ) had過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望主語(yǔ) would/might 動(dòng)詞原形將來(lái)不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望我希望我是個(gè)醫(yī)生就好了。 I wish that the rain would stop. 我希望雨能停下來(lái)。 （將來(lái)）I wish t

20、hat he had not made so much fuss about it.我希望他不要把事情搞大了。 (過(guò)去)3虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的使用(1) 在 insist ；command，order；demand，request，require ，desire；advise, propose, suggest，recommend 等表示“命令、要求、建議 ”的動(dòng)詞后接的賓語(yǔ)從句中要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：He suggests that she (should) leave the house at once.He proposed that we (should) deal with the

21、 problem by the view of development.(2) 與上述動(dòng)詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞 suggestion, order, demand , proposal 等后的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中 也要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 (should 可省略 )。如：我的建議是為這個(gè)計(jì)劃設(shè)定一個(gè)上交的期限。 .(3) 在 It be suggested (ordered, demanded, proposed,結(jié)構(gòu)中 )，th主at語(yǔ)從句 中也要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：It's required that every student be on time for school. 要求每個(gè)學(xué)生準(zhǔn)時(shí)到校。

22、(4) 在 do you suggest/recommend 用在特殊疑問(wèn)句中作插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的動(dòng)詞也使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即“ should 動(dòng)詞原形”的形式，其中 should 可以省略。如：What type of computer do you recommend/ suggest we (should) buy? 你建議我們買什么類型的電腦呢？(5) 在 It's necessary，essential，important, strange, natural 等形容詞 that從句或 It's a pity ，a shame 等名詞 that 從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以使用 sho

23、uld do。如：It is necessary that the badly wounded man should be treated immediately. 這位重傷員必須馬上治 療。你竟然如此粗心，真是可惜 .4虛擬語(yǔ)氣在狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法在 as if/though 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式表示與現(xiàn)在相反的情況； 用過(guò)去完成式， 表示與過(guò)去相反的情況等。其變化與 wish 后的賓語(yǔ)從句的變化相同。如：I've loved you as if you were my relative. 我一直愛(ài)你仿佛你是我的親人。5 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他一些句型中的用法(1) It'

24、;s high time that- 從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以使用過(guò)去式，也可使用should 動(dòng)詞原形；表示 “早該 了 ”，其中 should 不可省略。如：It's high time we got up/should get up. 我們?cè)缭撈鸫擦恕?2) would rather 從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況相反；用過(guò)去完成式，表 示與過(guò)去的情況相反。如：I would rather you came tomorrow. 我寧愿你明天來(lái)。(3) if only 要是 多好啊。如：If only you hadn't offended him. 你當(dāng)時(shí)不惹

25、他就好了。If only he could come tomorrow. 他明天能來(lái)就好了。(4) 其他一些表示祝愿的句型。如：May you succeed ！祝你成功！Long live the People's Republic of China. 中華人民共和國(guó)萬(wàn)歲！ 誤區(qū)點(diǎn)播：1. 【誤】 The streets are all dry; it mustn't have rained last night. 【正】2【誤】 I didn't see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She might be ill, I guess

26、.【正】 3【誤】 He must be very friendly at times.【正】4【誤】 I can't find my keys. I may/might forget them on the playground yesterday. 【正】5【誤】 The fire spread through the hotel quickly, but everyone could get out. 【正】6 【誤】 Will I open the window for you?【正】7 【誤】 The plant is dead. Maybe I should give mo

27、re water.【正】8 【誤】 Hadn't they saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.【正】 Had they not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river. 【正】9 【誤】 If only I saw the film yesterday.【正】 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練： 一。單選題 1 Everyone in my class passed the exam. Oh， really？ It difficult.A can't

28、 have beenB needn't have been C must beD mightn't be2 2009 ·安徽卷 Some people who don't like to talk much are not necessarily shy ；they just be quiet people. A must B may Cshould D would3 Why didn't you answer the phone last night?I when you called.Ahad to have slept Bhad to be sl

29、eepingC must have been sleepingD must have slept4 When I lived with my roommates in the university, we often talk into the night.A might B must C should D would5 This is the first time I my first picture with my own hands. It is time that you a picture for me.A took; took B have taken; tookC took; w

30、ill take D will take; have taken6 Why hasn't Jack come back yet？ anything have happened to him? I'm not sure, but I guess something.A May ； must have B Can； may haveC Must； may D Dare； might have7 It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it be rather cold sometimes.A must B can Cshoul

31、d D would8 Liza well not want to go on the trip she hates traveling.A will B can C must D may9 Look at the floor, Tom ！ you watch TV while having a meal?A Should B Could CWouldD Must10 The soccer team has been doing well this season， so they win the championship.A should B might C would D must11 Whe

32、n the ship sailed out from Thailand, the 16 sailors on board that only half of them wouldreturn again.A will never thinkBcan never think Cneedn't have thought D couldn't have thought12 What does the sign over there read? No person smoke or carry a lighted cigarette in this area.A will B shal

33、l Cmay D must13 It's hard to believe that such a greedy man donate so much to Project Hope.A may B need C can D shall14For environmental reasons ，we as well take these waste products and have them recycled.A should B would C might D could15 We here at lunch time; we were delayed at the airport,

34、though.A could beB should be C must have beenD would have been16 Jenny took the 8：00 bus to Guangzhou this morning. Really ？ He the 9 ： 00 train. It's much more comfortable and safer to travel by train.A could have taken B should take C must have takenDcan take鏈接高考：17. （ 09 海南） . What do you mea

35、n, there are only ten tickets? Therebe twelveA. shouldB. wouldC. willD. shall18. （09 安徽， 34） But for their help ， we the program in time.A. can not finish B. will not finishC. had not finished D. could not have finished19. （ 09 浙江， 13）The doctor recommended that youswim after eating a large meal.A w

36、ouldn't B couldn't C needn't D shouldn't20. （ 09 江蘇， 28） He did not regret saying what he did but felt that heit differently.A. could expressB. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed21（ 09 遼寧，29） The traffic is heavy this day, Iarrive a bit late, so could you sa

37、ve me a place?A. canB. mustC. need. D. might22（ 09 全國(guó)卷 I， 25）What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? Therebe twelveA. shouldB. would C. willD. shall23（09 全國(guó)卷 II ，20） I can't leave. She told me that I stay here until she comes back. A.can B. mustC. willD. may24（ 09 天津， 15 ） This printer is

38、of good quality. If it break down within the first year, wewould repair it at our expense.A. wouldB. should C. could D. might25（ 09 浙江， 13 ）The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal.A wouldn't B couldn't C needn't D shouldn't26（ 09 上海，27） It have been Tom that pa

39、rked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. A.may B. can C. must D. should27 2010 四·川卷 I take the book out? I'm afraid not. A WillBMay C Must D Need28 2010 安·徽卷 Jack described his father ， who a brave boy many years ago， as astrong-willed man. A would be B would have been C mu

40、st be D must have been29 2010 ·浙江卷 Had I known about this computer program ，a huge amount of time and energy. A would have been saved B had been savedCwill be saved D was saved30 2010 ·湖南卷 You buy a gift ，but you can if you want to.A mustB mustn't C have toD don't have to31 2010 &#

41、183;陜西卷 May I take this book out of the reading room? No ， you. You read it in here.A mightn't B won't Cneedn't D mustn't32 2010 ·江西卷 I have told you the truth. I keep repeating it?A Must BCan CMay D Will33 2010 ·江蘇卷 I haven't got the reference book yet ，but I'll ha

42、ve a test on the subject next month. Don't worry. You have it by Friday.A couldB shallC mustDmay342010 江·蘇卷 George is going to talk about the geography of his country ，but I'd rather he more on its culture.A focusB focusedC would focusD had focused35 2010 ·全國(guó)卷 Just be patient. You

43、expect the world to change so soon.A can'tB needn't Cmay notD will not36 2010 福·建卷 Teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles toschool for safety.A not allow B do not allowC mustn't allow D couldn't allow372010 天·津卷 Mark have hurried. After driving

44、at top speed ，he arrived half an hour early.A needn't Bwouldn't C mustn'tD couldn't38 2010 重·慶卷 You park here! It's an emergency exit.A wouldn'tB needn'tC couldn'tD mustn't39 2010 北·京卷 Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Pers

45、onnel Department. Ah ， good morning. You be Mrs. Peters.A might B must C would Dcan40 2010 山·東卷 I have watched that movie it'll give me horrible dreams.A shouldn't B needn't C couldn't D mustn't41. （2011 全國(guó)卷 ,32）They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A.w

46、ill B.can C.must D.should42. （2011 全國(guó)卷 II,8）If you smoke, please go outside.A. can B. should C. must D. may43. （2011 北京卷 ,24） I don 't really like Jams.e Why did you invite him? Don' t worry. He come. He said he wasn' t certain what his plans were.A. must not B. need not C. would not D.

47、might not44. （2011 北京卷 ,28） Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined. I wish they always late.A. weren ' t B. hadn ' t been C. wouldn' t be D. wouldn' t have been45（. 2011北京卷 ,30）Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you mo

48、rehelp.A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying46. （2011 天津卷 ,15）I sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come47. （ 2011 上海春招 ,27）Some young people these days just go out of their homes to contact thereal world

49、. A. mustn ' t B. won ' t C. mightn ' t D. shouldn 't48. （2011江蘇卷,34） I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone it.A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have sto

50、len49. （2011 福建卷 ,25） Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? I am afraid you , in case he comes late for the meeting .A.will B.must C.may D.can50. （2011 福建卷 ,34） Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A.attended B.had attended C.would attend D.would have attended51. （ 2011 安徽卷 , 26） What do you think of s