英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)ppt課件

1、第三講 英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)1；.從定義入手時(shí)間與形態(tài)的結(jié)合與搭配關(guān)系時(shí)態(tài)的分類：過(guò)去現(xiàn)在未來(lái)時(shí)間線2；. 一 般完 成進(jìn) 行完 成 進(jìn) 行現(xiàn) 在現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)do/does現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)is/am/are doing現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have been doing過(guò) 去過(guò)去一般時(shí)did過(guò)去完成時(shí)had done過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were doing過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)had been doing將 來(lái)將來(lái)一般時(shí)will do將來(lái)完成時(shí)will have done將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)will be doing將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)will have been doing過(guò)去將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)一般時(shí)would

2、do過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)would have done過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)would be doing過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)would have been doing英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)總表3；.1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 主要用來(lái)表示人、事物的現(xiàn)在狀況和特點(diǎn)；表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)； 表示客觀規(guī)律和永恒真理等。 He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning. 他每天7點(diǎn)上班。2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 表說(shuō)話時(shí)或目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)：或表感情色彩，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。與頻率副詞，如always，const

3、antly，continually，again等連用表示說(shuō)話人的某種感情色彩（贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等）。 We are having English class. 我們正在上英語(yǔ)課。 3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，完成在過(guò)去，但強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況仍有聯(lián)系，其結(jié)果或影響仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他們?cè)诒本┮呀?jīng)住了5年了。4；.4一般過(guò)去時(shí) 表在過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生且完成的動(dòng)作，或過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，只說(shuō)明過(guò)去。常跟明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that

4、 time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他過(guò)去抽煙比較厲害。5. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月，北京正在舉行29屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)。6. 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，即過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，句中有明顯的參照動(dòng)作或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，這種時(shí)態(tài)從來(lái)不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up

5、till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他們提前完成了（工作）。5；.7. 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 表在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要離開(kāi)北京。 8、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) 表將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或按計(jì)劃一定會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。 Ill be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天這會(huì)我正在寫(xiě)作業(yè)。 9、將來(lái)完成時(shí) 表在將來(lái)某時(shí)刻之前業(yè)已完成的事

6、情，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)非常明顯。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般用by+將來(lái)的時(shí)間。如：by the end of this year, by 8 oclock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time, before或when等引導(dǎo)的副詞從句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下個(gè)月底，他步行將達(dá)到1000英里。6；.基本形式（以do為例）： 第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)：does（主語(yǔ)為非第三人稱單數(shù)）； 肯定句肯定句：主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形其他； He works fo

7、r us. 否定句否定句：主語(yǔ)dont/doesnt動(dòng)詞原形其他； He doesnt work for us. 一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句：Do/Does主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形其他。 肯定回答：Yes，（ 主語(yǔ)do/does） 否定回答：No，（主語(yǔ)dont/doesnt.） 特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ) Does he work for us? Yes, he does. No, he doesnt What does he do for us? He works for us. 7；.be動(dòng)詞行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 否定句式：在行為動(dòng)詞前加didnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞，或waswerenot； was或w

8、ere放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did提問(wèn)，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞 例如： Did he work for us? He didnt work for us. He worked for us8；. amareisgoing todo 或 willshalldo am/is/are/about to + do am/is/are to + do; 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的表達(dá)方法 be going to +動(dòng)詞原形 be +不定式,be to+動(dòng)詞原形,be about to 動(dòng)詞原形 be able to +不定式 be about to+動(dòng)詞原形 will + 動(dòng)詞原形； 例如：He is going

9、to work for us. He will work for us； He is coming.這是特殊的用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表達(dá) 將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài) 的例子！9；.1. 肯定句 I am a student.2. 否定句 She is not a student3. 一般疑問(wèn)句 Are they students?4. 特殊疑問(wèn)句 Who is a student?When, where, what, whose, whom, why, how10；. be（was，were）going to+動(dòng)詞原形 be（was，were）about to+動(dòng)詞原形 be（was，were）to+動(dòng)詞原形 肯定句：

10、主語(yǔ)+be（was，were）going to+動(dòng)詞原形. 否定句：主語(yǔ)+be（was，were）not going to+動(dòng)詞原形. 疑問(wèn)句：Be（Was，Were）+主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原形？ 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+would（should）+動(dòng)詞原形. 否定句：主語(yǔ)+would（should）not+動(dòng)詞原形. 疑問(wèn)句：Would（Should）+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形？ He would work for us.11；. 主語(yǔ)+be+v.ing現(xiàn)在分詞形式(其中v表示動(dòng)詞) 表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或最近在做的事。 例如：I am buying a book. 第一人稱+am+doing+sth

11、 第二人稱+are+doing +sth （doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式） 第三人稱+is+doing+sth 例：He is working.12；. 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were+doing+其它 否定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+doing+其它 一般疑問(wèn)句及答語(yǔ)：Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+doing+其它 ；答語(yǔ)：Yes,I主語(yǔ)+was/were./No,I主語(yǔ)+wasnt/werent. 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+was/were+主語(yǔ)+doing+其它 He was working when he was alive.13；. 主語(yǔ)+will + be +現(xiàn)在分詞 He

12、 will be working for us.=He will work for us.14；.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞(done) 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞+其他 否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+過(guò)去分詞+其他 一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句（have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他 He has worked for us for ten years. Has he worked for us for ten years. 15；.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞(done) 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+h

13、ad+過(guò)去分詞+其他 否定句：主語(yǔ)+had+not+過(guò)去分詞+其他 一般疑問(wèn)句：Had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他 肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+had 否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+hadnt 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句（had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他） 語(yǔ)法判定: by + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. by the end of + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.

14、before + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 16；. （shall）will+have+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 before+將來(lái)時(shí)間或by+將來(lái)時(shí)間 before或by the time引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在時(shí)的從句He will have worked for us. He will work for us.17；.基本與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相同，但是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)只能表示仍然持續(xù)的概念 have/has been +-ing 分詞 He has been working for us for ten years

15、.=He has worked for us for ten years.18；.had been +-ing 分詞 He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked for us for ten years. 19；. 主語(yǔ)+ shall/will have been doing He will have been working for us.=He will work for us. 翻譯為：他最近一直在為我們工作（過(guò)去在工作，現(xiàn)在在工作，將來(lái)還會(huì)工作）20；. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：

16、I listen 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：I am listening 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：I was listening 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：I have listened 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：I have been listening 一般將來(lái)時(shí)：I shall listen”或“I will listen.” 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)：I shall be listening 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：I listened 過(guò)去完成時(shí)：I had listened 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：I had been listening 將來(lái)完成時(shí)： I shall have listened 將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)： I shall have been listeni

17、ng 21；.1. 句中是否有助動(dòng)詞?2. 動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間:過(guò)去?現(xiàn)在?未來(lái)?3. 句子的時(shí)態(tài):一般?(do, does, did)進(jìn)行?(am is are was were)完成(has have had)4. 句子的主語(yǔ)?人稱?5. 特殊疑問(wèn)詞when where what why how加上一般疑問(wèn)句who直接替換主語(yǔ).22；.按要求改寫(xiě)句子1.The boy is playing basketball.否定句：_一般疑問(wèn)句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_對(duì)“is playing basketball”提問(wèn)：_對(duì)“ The boy”提問(wèn)：_2.They are singing in the

18、 classroom.否定句：_一般疑問(wèn)句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_對(duì)“are singing ”提問(wèn)：_對(duì)“ in the classroom”提問(wèn)：_23；.翻譯我正在讀英語(yǔ)。他正在寫(xiě)字。你正在唱歌嗎？是的，我在唱歌。不，我不在唱歌。他(她)在聽(tīng)音樂(lè)嗎？他在第三小學(xué)上學(xué)。他每天早上七點(diǎn)上學(xué)。 父親每天早晨都澆花。 我女兒喜歡看電視和聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。 桑迪放學(xué)后打羽毛球嗎？ 不。她學(xué)習(xí)很用功。放學(xué)后她總是看書(shū)。24；.用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. He often (have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy (be) in Class One. 3.

19、 We (not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick (not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. they (like) the World Cup? 6. What they often (do) on Saturdays? 7. your parents (read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl (teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I (take) a walk together every evening. 10. There (be) some wate

20、r in the bottle. 11. Mike (like) cooking. 12. They (have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt (look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always (do) your homework well. 15. I (be) ill. Im staying in bed. 25；. 語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)共有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，一般說(shuō)來(lái)，只

21、有需要?jiǎng)幼鲗?duì)象的及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。漢語(yǔ)往往用被、受、給等詞來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義。 如： He opened the door.他打開(kāi)了這扇門。（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） The door was opened.這扇門被打開(kāi)了（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）26；.結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + be + 過(guò)去分詞時(shí)態(tài)：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： am (is, are) done.2.帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：must (can, may, should, need, would) be done3. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)： was (were) done 4. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)： will (shall) be done 5. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： am (is, are) b

22、eing done6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have (has) been done 27；.1主語(yǔ) + 連系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ) (S+V+P)此結(jié)構(gòu)不可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(正) The flowers smell sweet.(誤) The flowers are smelt sweet.2主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞 (S+V)此結(jié)構(gòu)不可變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(正) An accident happened last night.(誤) An accident was happened last night.28；.3主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) (S + V+ O)（1）將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)Children

23、 often sing this song This song is often sung by children.（2）將含有介詞或副詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，不可將介詞或副詞去掉。We should listen to the teachers carefully.The teachers should be listened to carefully.29；.4主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ) (S + V+ IO+ DO)（1）.將表人的間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)不變。He showed us a picture .We were shown a picture.（2）

24、.將指物的直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，要在間接賓語(yǔ)前加介詞to或for.常用加to的動(dòng)詞give, show, pass, read等常用加for的動(dòng)詞 buy, get, make, sing, draw 等A picture was shown to us.A dictionary was bought for me by my parents.30；.5 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) (S+ V+ O + C)如動(dòng)詞為 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)為不帶“to”不定式時(shí)，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要加上“to” 。I saw him fall off the tr

25、ee.He was seen to fall off the tree.6. be + 過(guò)去分詞 并非都是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，系動(dòng)詞 be, feel, seem,look,等詞后面的過(guò)去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，作表語(yǔ)用，表示某種狀態(tài)。 Im interested in mathematics. 我對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)感興趣。7. 某些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)表示被動(dòng)含義。The womans clothes sell well. 女裝賣的快。This book sells best.這本書(shū)很暢銷. 31；.某些系動(dòng)詞，如某些系動(dòng)詞，如feel, look, seem, appear, taste, sound, smell,

26、prove, remainfeel, look, seem, appear, taste, sound, smell, prove, remain等等用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義；主語(yǔ)通常是事物，且表示該事物本身具有某一固有特征。用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義；主語(yǔ)通常是事物，且表示該事物本身具有某一固有特征。如：如：The material feels very soft. 這種料子摸起來(lái)很柔軟。誤：The material is felt very soft. The music sounds beautiful. 這音樂(lè)聽(tīng)起來(lái)很美妙。誤：The music is sounded beautiful.3

27、2；.1.They make machines in that factory. _Machines are made in that factory._2.Every body likes this song. This song is liked by everybody._3.He didnt show the stamps to me. The stamps were not shown to me by him._4.People dont grow rice in the west of Japan._5.He often helps Tom when Tom is in trou

28、ble._6.Do the workers build many buildings? _Are many buildings built by the workers?_7.Does Kate sometimes break glasses? _8.Do you always send a letter to Mr Hu? _9.What does the teacher often tell the boys to do?_10.How many desks do they buy every term? How many desks are bought by them every term?_33；.11.They sold that kind of shoes in this shop last week.That kind of shoes were sold by them12.Granny told us a story last night. We were told a story by granny last night.13.He d