初中英語(yǔ)主謂一致

1、.主謂一致 主謂一致是指：1） 語(yǔ)法形式上要一致，即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語(yǔ)要一致。2）意義上要一致，即主語(yǔ)意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。3） 就近原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，不可數(shù)名詞用動(dòng)詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)。 There is much water in the thermos.但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.15.1 并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù) Reading and writing are very importan

2、t.注意：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由and連結(jié)時(shí)，如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，and 此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞。The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.典型例題The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. isB. was C. are D. were答案B. 注：先從時(shí)態(tài)上考慮。這是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)，先排除A.，C.。本題易誤選D，因?yàn)門he League secretary an

3、d monitor 好象是兩個(gè)人，但仔細(xì)辨別， monitor 前沒(méi)有the，在英語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時(shí)只在第一個(gè)職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用and 相連。這樣本題主語(yǔ)為一個(gè)人，所以應(yīng)選B。15.2 主謂一致中的靠近原則 1）當(dāng)there be 句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.2）當(dāng)either or 與neither

4、nor，連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引導(dǎo)，而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常也和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。Either you or she is to go.Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.15.3 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致。 The teacher together with some stu

5、dents is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating.15.4 謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù) 1） 代詞each和由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)，或主語(yǔ)中含有each, every, 謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù)。 Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong with my watch.2） 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是一本書(shū)或一條格言時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。 The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of Englis

6、h. <<天方夜譚>>是英語(yǔ)愛(ài)好者熟悉的一本好書(shū)。3） 表示金錢，時(shí)間，價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)。(用復(fù)數(shù)也可，意思不變。) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough.15.5 指代意義決定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù) 1） 在代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。 All is right. (一切順利。) Al

7、l are present.(所有人都到齊了。)2） 集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的意思來(lái)決定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，意為這個(gè)集體中的各個(gè)成員，用單數(shù)時(shí)表示該個(gè)集體。 His family isnt very large.他家不是一個(gè)大家庭。 His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音樂(lè)愛(ài)好者。 但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Are there any police around

8、?3）有些名詞，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時(shí)看作單數(shù)，有時(shí)看作復(fù)數(shù)。A number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。The number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。A number of books have lent out.The majority of the students like English.15.6 與后接名詞或代詞保持一致 1） 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等詞引起主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞通常與of后面的名詞，代詞保持一致。Most of his mo

9、ney is spent on books.Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.2） 在一些短語(yǔ)，如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more than of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。 Many a person has read the novel.許多人都讀過(guò)這本書(shū)。 More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學(xué)生都來(lái)自這個(gè)城市。  

10、          主謂一致的用法及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題一、主謂一致三原則 主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語(yǔ)法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。1. 語(yǔ)法一致原則：指主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Tom is a good student.    湯姆是個(gè)好學(xué)生。They often play football on the playground.   他們經(jīng)常在操場(chǎng)上踢

11、足球。2. 意義一致：指主語(yǔ)形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語(yǔ)形式上為復(fù)數(shù),但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。My family are having lunch now.我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.這本書(shū)20美元太貴了。3. 就近一致：指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近他的主語(yǔ)。例如：Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不僅老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學(xué)生也喜歡踢足球。The

12、re is a pen and some books on the desk.課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書(shū)。二、 主謂一致?？碱}型 1. 單數(shù)名詞(代詞)，不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式，復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The desk is Toms.     這張桌子是湯姆的。Some water is in the bottle.    一些水在瓶子里。The students are playing football on the playground.   這些學(xué)生正在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。2.

13、 many a+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式。Many a student has been to Shanghai.  許多學(xué)生到過(guò)上海。3. more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。More than one student has ever been to Beijing.    不止一個(gè)學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過(guò)北京。4. 表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，重量，數(shù)目，長(zhǎng)度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。例如：Two months is a long holiday.   

14、60;兩個(gè)月是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)假。Twenty pounds isnt so heavy.    2 0英鎊并不太重。Ten miles isnt a long distance.   1 0英里并不是一段很長(zhǎng)的距離。Five minus four is one.          5減4等于1。5. 主語(yǔ)是each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every)+單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Each boy and each girl has got a s

15、eat.    每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有一個(gè)座位。Every man and every woman is at work.   每個(gè)男人和女人都在工作。6. one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 One and a half hours is enough.   一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠了。7. 動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。To see is to believe    眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。Doing eye exercises is good for your eye

16、s.  做眼睛保健操對(duì)你的眼睛十分有益。8. a/an+單數(shù)名詞+or two 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。A student or two has failed the exam.    一兩個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格。9. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；但“名詞+as well as+名詞”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般應(yīng)與第一個(gè)名詞一致。Mike with his father has been to England.

17、60;  邁克同他的父親去過(guò)英格蘭。 Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football    邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting. 10. 由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人，事物，或概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個(gè)人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/t

18、he+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個(gè)人或物。The writer and teacher is coming.   那位作家兼教師來(lái)了。(作家和教師指同一個(gè)人) The writer and the teacher are coming.   作家和老師來(lái)了。(作家和老師是兩個(gè)人)11. people,police等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，family,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，若指一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個(gè)具體成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。 People here are very friendly.  

19、60; 這兒的人很友好。 His family isnt large.    他家的人不多。 My family all like watching TV.    我們一家人都喜歡看電視。12. 不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything,nobody,  no one,  nothing作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，Is everyone here today.   

20、; 今天大家到齊了嗎？Something is wrong with him.   他有毛病。Nobody was in.   沒(méi)有人在家。13. each,  either,  neither,  another,  the other 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Each of them has an English dictionary.   他們每人都有一本英語(yǔ)詞典。Neither answer is correct.    兩個(gè)答案都不正確。14.

21、以s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式，如news, maths, physics等， No news is good news.    沒(méi)有消息就是好消息。Maths is very popular in our class   在我們班數(shù)學(xué)很受歡迎。15. 由bothand連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；由or,  eitheror，neithernor,  not onlybut also,  notbut,連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。Either

22、my wife or I am going.Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.Not only you but also he is ready to leave.如果either, each, neither作主語(yǔ)，則動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)形式。Each of us has his likes and dislikes.Neither of the books is very interesting. 16. 如果主語(yǔ)是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般

23、用單數(shù)形式。   A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use.   但a variety of,  a number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式; .而the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。   On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.The number of the students is over eigh

24、t houndred 17以here，there開(kāi)關(guān)的句子，若主語(yǔ)在兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與臨近的主語(yǔ)一致   There is a book and three pens on the desk. Here are some books and paper for you.18. the+形容詞表示一類人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示抽象概念時(shí)，用單數(shù)形式.   The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad. The beautiful lives forever.   美是

25、永存的。  三肯定與否定一致   下列形容詞、副詞、代詞從肯定句變成否定句時(shí)須作相應(yīng)的變化。   We've had some(money). We haven't had any(money).   I was talking to someone. I wasn't talking to anyone.   They sometimes visit us. They rarely (never, seldom)visit us.   He has arriv

26、ed already. He hasn't arrived yet.   Li is coming too. Li isn't coming either.   Both of us are going. Neither of us are going.   He likes both of them. He doesn't like either of them. 注意：so/neither+助動(dòng)詞+名詞/代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中須用倒裝語(yǔ)序。  My wife like classic music v

27、ery much and so do I.  She doesn't like jazz and neither do I.                                      &

28、#160;                 主謂一致專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題 1. Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now.A. were       B. is       C. was         D. a

29、re2. Two days _enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.A. isnt       B. is        C. aret        D. are3. How many lessons do you usually haver a day?Six lessons a day. And each of then _45 minutes

30、.A. last       B. lasts        C. have       D. are4. Neither Liping nor I _a basketball player.A. am       B. is       C. be        D.

31、 are5. There _ many new words in lesson one,It is very easy.A. is       B. arent       C. isnt       D. are6. The number of the students in our school _1200.A. is        B. are   &

32、#160;   C. has        D. have7. Maths _ my favourite subject.A. be       B. is       C. am        D. are8. The boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the city.A. were s

33、leeping              B. is sleepingC. was sleeping                D. are asle9. Every one except Tom and John _there when the meeting began.A. are     

34、;  B. is        C. were        D. was10. That place is not interesting at all, _of us wants to go there.A. Neither         B. Both       C. All    

35、60;  D. Some11. Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A. know   B. knows   C. have know    D. is12. Whats on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it?There _some eggs and cakes on it.A. is   B. are   C. was   D. were13. This pair of glasses _m

36、ine.A. are   B. be   C. is    D. will be14. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday.A. invited                     B. was invitedC. had invited    

37、;          D. were invirted15. Two months _quite a long time.Yes, Im afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons.A. is    B. are    C. was   D. were16. In the city the old _.A. take good care of    &

38、#160;        B. are taken good care ofC. is taken good care of        D. are been taken good care of17. His family _all very kind and friendly, His family _a happy one.A. are,is       B. is,is  &

39、#160;    C. are,are        D. is,are18. The singer and the dancer _come to Beijing.A. has       B. have       C. are       D. is19. The children in this class each _

40、new school bag.A. have       B. has      C. has got        D. are having20. All but one _ here just now.A. is       B. was      C. has been      

41、   D. were 21. If Bob's wife won't agree to go on holiday in winter,       .A.neither he will         B. neither won't heC. neither will he         D. he won't

42、 neither 22. I haven't finished my homeworked yet.      A. so has he     B. Neither he has    C. He has too   D. He hasn't either 23. “I'm going to visit the Lu Gou Bridge tomorrow.” “     .”   A. I am so      B. So am I  &#