醫(yī)學(xué)細(xì)胞生物學(xué)英譯漢總結(jié)

1、第一章 緒論cell cell biology cell theory central dogma cytomics cytoplasm electron microscope，EMepigenetics gene 細(xì)胞細(xì)胞生物學(xué)細(xì)胞學(xué)說中心法則細(xì)胞組學(xué)細(xì)胞質(zhì)電子顯微鏡表觀遺傳基因genomics human genome project,HGPmedical cell biology model animal noncoding RNAproteomics stem cell biology translational medicine基因組學(xué)人類基因組計(jì)劃醫(yī)學(xué)細(xì)胞生物學(xué)模式動(dòng)物非編碼RNA

2、蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)干細(xì)胞生物學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)化醫(yī)學(xué)第二章細(xì)胞的概念和分子基礎(chǔ)anticodonarchaea archaebacteria bacteriacell membrane chlamydiacodoncytoplasmcytosoldeoxyribonucleic acid,DNAenzymeeukarya eukaryotic cellglycolipids glycoproteins message RNA， mRNAmicroRNA, miRNA mycoplasma反密碼子古菌域古細(xì)菌細(xì)菌細(xì)胞膜衣原體密碼子 細(xì)胞質(zhì)細(xì)胞質(zhì)溶膠脫氧核糖核酸 酶 真核域真核細(xì)胞糖脂糖蛋白信使核糖核酸微小RNA支原體

3、 nucleoidnucleuspeptideplasmidprionprokaryotic cellprotoplasmribonucleic acid，RNAribosomeribosome RNA， rRNA ribozymeRNA silencingsmall nuclear RNA, snRNA structural domainstransfer RNA, tRNA viroidvirus 擬核細(xì)胞核肽質(zhì)粒朊病毒原核細(xì)胞原生質(zhì)核糖核酸核糖體核糖體RNA核酶RNA沉默 小核RNA結(jié)構(gòu)域轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)RNA類病毒病毒第三章細(xì)胞生物學(xué)研究方法Abbe limit agaroseatomic for

4、ce microscope,AFMautoradiographybiochipcell culturecell free systemcell linecell strainChIPAbbe限度瓊脂糖原子力顯微鏡放射性自顯影技術(shù)生物芯片細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)非細(xì)胞體系細(xì)胞系細(xì)胞株染色質(zhì)免疫沉淀技術(shù)CLIPcolumn chromatographycytochemistry techniquedifferential centrifugationdiffraction patternDNA denaturationdNTPelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry,ES

5、I-MSembedding紫外交聯(lián)免疫沉淀技術(shù)柱層析細(xì)胞化學(xué)技術(shù)差速離心X-射線衍射圖DNA變性4種脫氧核苷酸電噴霧電離質(zhì)譜包埋emission light emzyme cytochemistryequilibrium sedimentationexcitation lightfixationflow cytometerfluorescence microscope fluorescence resonance emergy transfer,FRETfreeze-etchfreeze-fracturegene chipgreen fluorescent protein,GFPhigh pe

6、rformance liquid chromatography,HPLCimmunocytochemistry,ICCimmunomagnetic microsphereimmuno-precipitation,IPin situ hybridization,ISHisoelectric focusing laser capture microdissection,LCMmatrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight，MALDI-TOF-MSmetal shadowingNorthern blotnuclear magnet

7、ic resonance spectroscopy,NMR over-expression phage display發(fā)射光酶細(xì)胞化學(xué)技術(shù)平衡沉降激發(fā)光固定流式細(xì)胞儀熒光顯微鏡熒光共振能量轉(zhuǎn)移冰凍蝕刻冰凍斷裂基因芯片綠色熒光蛋白高效液相層析免疫細(xì)胞化學(xué)技術(shù)免疫磁珠免疫沉淀原位雜交技術(shù)等點(diǎn)聚焦激光俘獲顯微切割電泳基質(zhì)輔助激光解吸/電離飛行時(shí)間質(zhì)譜金屬投影法Northern印跡雜交核磁共振光譜過表達(dá)噬菌體展示polymerase chain reaction,PCRprimary cultureprobeprotein chipproteomeproteomicsquantitative PCR，

8、qPCR radioisotoperenaturationresolutionrestriction nucleasescanning electron microscope,SEMscanning tunneling microscope,STMSDS polyacrylamid gel electrophoresissecondary culturesectionsingle molecular fluorescence imagingsouthern blot stainingtandem mass spectrometry,MS/MStransfectiontransmission e

9、lectron microscope,TEMvelocity sedimentationyeast two-hybridzationphase contrast microscope聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)原代培養(yǎng)探針蛋白質(zhì)芯片蛋白質(zhì)組蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)熒光實(shí)時(shí)定量PCR反應(yīng)放射性同位素復(fù)性分辨率限制性內(nèi)切酶掃描電子顯微鏡掃描隧道顯微鏡SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳傳代培養(yǎng)切片單分子熒光成像Southern印跡雜交染色串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜轉(zhuǎn)染透射電子顯微鏡速度沉降酵母雙雜交相差顯微鏡第四章細(xì)胞膜與物質(zhì)的穿膜運(yùn)輸active transport adaptinantiportaquaporin，AQP bilayer biome

10、mbrane carrier protein cell coat cell membrane主動(dòng)運(yùn)輸銜接蛋白反向運(yùn)輸雙分子層水孔蛋白生物膜載體蛋白細(xì)胞外被細(xì)胞膜channel protein cholesterol clathrincoated pits coated vesicle constitutive secretion endocytosis exocytosis extrinsic protein通道蛋白 網(wǎng)格蛋白膽固醇 有被小窩有被小泡連續(xù)性分泌胞吞作用胞吐作用膜外在蛋白facilitated diffusion fluid mosaic modelglycolipid intr

11、insic proteinligand-gated channel lipid rafts lipid anchored proteinlipid-linked proteinlamella structure modelmembrane lipidmembrane proteinmembrane transport proteinmicellepassive diffusion passive transport 易化擴(kuò)散流動(dòng)鑲嵌模型糖脂膜內(nèi)在蛋白配體門控通道脂筏脂錨定蛋白脂連接蛋白片層結(jié)構(gòu)模型 膜脂膜蛋白膜運(yùn)輸?shù)鞍浊驙罘肿訄F(tuán)被動(dòng)擴(kuò)散被動(dòng)運(yùn)輸peripheral protein phagoc

12、ytosisphospholipid pinocytosis plasma membraneregulated secretion simple diffusion stress-activated channel symport transmembrane protein unit membraneunit membrane model vesicular transport voltage-gated channel外周蛋白吞噬作用磷脂胞飲作用質(zhì)膜受調(diào)分泌簡單擴(kuò)散應(yīng)力激活通道同向運(yùn)輸穿膜蛋白單位膜單位膜模型小泡運(yùn)輸電壓門控通道第五章內(nèi)膜系統(tǒng)annulate lamellaeautophag

13、ic lysosomecalreticulincis Golgi network cisternaeclathrin-coated vesiclecontinuous secretioncotranslation insertiondiscontinuous secretionendoplasmic reticulumgated transport glucose regulated protein94,GRP94glycosylationGolgi complexheavy-chain binding protein,BiPheterophagic lysosome internal sig

14、nal peptideinternal start-transfer peptide lysosomemedial Golgi stackmolecular chaperonemyeloid bodyN-linked glycosylationphagolysosome孔環(huán)狀片層自噬溶酶體鈣網(wǎng)素順面高爾基網(wǎng)扁平囊泡網(wǎng)格蛋白有被囊泡連續(xù)分泌共翻譯插入非連續(xù)分泌內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)門孔運(yùn)輸葡萄糖調(diào)節(jié)蛋白94糖基化高爾基復(fù)合體重鏈結(jié)合蛋白異噬溶酶體內(nèi)信號(hào)肽內(nèi)開始轉(zhuǎn)移肽溶酶體高爾基中間膜囊分子伴侶髓樣體N-連接糖基化異噬溶酶體phospholipid exchange proteins,PEPprimary lys

15、osome protein disulfide isomerase,PDIretention protein reticulo-plasmin rough endoplasmic reticulum，RERsarcoplasmic reticulumsecondary lysosomesignal hypothesissignal patchsignal peptidesignal recognition particle,SRPSRP-receptor,SRP-Rsmooth endoplasmic reticulum，SERtarget-SNAREs,t-SNAREstertiary ly

16、sosometrans Golgi networktranslocontransmembrane transport unfolded protein response, UPR 磷脂交換蛋白初級溶酶體蛋白二硫鍵異構(gòu)酶駐留蛋白網(wǎng)質(zhì)蛋白糙面內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)肌質(zhì)網(wǎng)次級溶酶體信號(hào)肽假說信號(hào)斑信號(hào)肽信號(hào)識(shí)別顆粒信號(hào)識(shí)別顆粒受體光面內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)靶SNAREs三級溶酶體反面高爾基網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體穿膜運(yùn)輸未折疊蛋白反應(yīng)vacuolesvesiclevesicles大囊泡囊泡小囊泡vesicle-SNAREs,v- SNAREsvesicular transport 囊泡SNAREs囊泡轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)第六章線粒體與細(xì)胞的能量轉(zhuǎn)換ATP syn

17、thase complexbiological oxidationcellular oxidationcellular respirationchemiosmotic coupling hypothesiscristaeelementary particleglycolysisinner membraneintercristae space intermembrane spaceintracristae spacematrixmatrix spacematrix-targeting sequence，MTSATP合酶復(fù)合體生物氧化細(xì)胞氧化細(xì)胞呼吸化學(xué)滲透假說嵴基粒糖酵解內(nèi)膜嵴間腔膜間腔嵴內(nèi)空間

18、基質(zhì)基質(zhì)腔基質(zhì)導(dǎo)入序列mitochondrial disordersmitochondrial phaseouter membraneoxidative phosphorylationpostmitochondrial phasepremitochondrial phasereactive oxygen species, ROSsubstrate-level phosphorylationtranslocation contact sitetranslocon of the inner membrane，Timtranslocon of the outer membrane，Tomtricar

19、boxylic acid cycle，TCA cycle 線粒體疾病線粒體期外膜氧化磷酸化線粒體后期線粒體前期活性氧底物水平磷酸化轉(zhuǎn)位接觸點(diǎn)內(nèi)膜轉(zhuǎn)位子外膜轉(zhuǎn)位子三羧酸循環(huán)第七章細(xì)胞骨架與細(xì)胞的運(yùn)動(dòng)actincell cortex cochicine contractile ringcytochalasin Bcytoskeletondynamic instability modeldyneinfilopodia integrin intermediate filaments, IFkinesin lamellipodia microfilaments , MFmicrofilament ass

20、ociated protein,MAP 肌動(dòng)蛋白細(xì)胞皮層秋水仙素收縮環(huán)細(xì)胞松弛素B 細(xì)胞骨架非穩(wěn)態(tài)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型 動(dòng)力蛋白絲狀偽足整合蛋白中間纖維驅(qū)動(dòng)蛋白片狀偽足微絲微絲結(jié)合蛋白microtubule organizing center, MTOCmicrotubules, MTmicrotubule-associaded protein ，MAPmyosinnucleation phasephalloidin polymerization phasesliding filament modelsteady state phasetaxol treadmilling modeltubulinvin

21、blastine微管組織中心微管微管結(jié)合蛋白 肌球蛋白成核期鬼筆環(huán)肽聚合期 滑動(dòng)絲模型穩(wěn)定期紫杉醇踏車模型 管蛋白 長春新堿第八章細(xì)胞核acrocentric chromosomeannular subunitbandcentral domaincentral plugcentromerechromatidchromatinchromosomecolumn subunitconstitutive heterochromatincytoplasmic ringdense fibrillar component，DFCeuchromatinexportin facultativeheterochr

22、omatinfibrillar center，F(xiàn)Cfish-trapgenome granular component，GCheterochromatinnucleosomenucleusouter nuclear membranepairing domainperinuclear spaceprimary constrictionreplication originsatellitescaffold radial loop structure model近端著絲粒染色體環(huán)狀亞單位帶型中央結(jié)構(gòu)域中央栓著絲粒染色單體染色質(zhì)染色體柱狀亞單位組成性異染色質(zhì)胞質(zhì)環(huán)致密纖維組分常染色質(zhì)輸出蛋白兼性異染色

23、質(zhì)纖維中心捕魚籠基因組顆粒中心異染色質(zhì)核小體細(xì)胞核外核膜配對結(jié)構(gòu)域核周間隙主溢痕復(fù)制源隨體染色體骨架-放射環(huán)模型histonekaryophilic proteinsecondary constrictionsolenoidkaryotypekinetochorekinetochore domainluminal subunitmetacentric chromosomeminibandmultiple coiling modelnuclear localization signal, NLSnuclear matrixnuclear matrix associated proteinnucl

24、ear matrix proteinnuclear porenuclear pore complex，NPCnuclear ringnucleolar cyclenucleolar matrixnucleolar organizernucleolar organizing regionnucleolusnucleosomal histonespokesubmetacentric chromosomesupersolenoidtelocentric chromosometelomere組蛋白親核蛋白次溢痕螺線管核型動(dòng)粒動(dòng)粒結(jié)構(gòu)域腔內(nèi)亞單位中著絲粒染色體微帶多級螺旋化模型核內(nèi)定位信號(hào)核基質(zhì)核基質(zhì)結(jié)

25、合蛋白核基質(zhì)蛋白核孔核孔復(fù)合體核質(zhì)環(huán)核仁周期核仁基質(zhì)核仁組織者核仁組織區(qū)核仁核小體組蛋白輻亞中著絲粒染色體超螺線管端著絲粒染色體端粒第九章基因信息的傳遞與蛋白質(zhì)合成activating domainadaptive expressionalternative splicingaminoacyl siteaminoacyl-tRNA antibiotics anticodonantisense strand轉(zhuǎn)錄激活域適應(yīng)性表達(dá)可變剪接A位點(diǎn)氨酰-tRNA 抗生素 反密碼子反義鏈CAAT boxcentral dogmachaperonins chromatin remoldingcis-acti

26、ng elementcoding regioncoding strandcodonCAAT盒中心法則伴侶素染色質(zhì)重塑順式作用元件編碼區(qū)編碼鏈密碼子commalessconstitutive expressionconstitutive splicingdegeneracydirectionDNA binding domainenhancerexonGC boxgenegene clustergene familygeneral transcription factorgenetic codegenomehelix-loop-helix，HLHhelix-turn-helix，HTHhetero

27、geneous nuclear RNA，hnRNA highly repetitive sequenceinducible geneintronleucine zippermiddle repetitive sequencenegative regulationnon-coding regiontranslocationtranspeptidase ubiquitin-proteasomeunique sequenceuniversalwobblezinc finger連續(xù)性組成性表達(dá)常規(guī)剪接簡并性方向性DNA結(jié)合域增強(qiáng)子外顯子GC盒基因基因簇基因家族通用轉(zhuǎn)錄因子遺傳密碼基因組螺旋-環(huán)-螺旋螺

28、旋-轉(zhuǎn)角-螺旋不均一核RNA高度重復(fù)序列可誘導(dǎo)基因內(nèi)含子亮氨酸拉鏈中等重復(fù)序列負(fù)性調(diào)控非編碼區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)位 轉(zhuǎn)肽酶泛素- 蛋白酶體 單一序列通用性擺動(dòng)性鋅指operonpeptide formationpeptidyl-tRNA sitepolyribosomepositive regulationpribnow boxPromoterRegisterregulatory gene repetitive sequencerepressible generepressorremodeler ribosome circulationsense strandShine-Dalgarno sequencesi

29、lencersmall nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle，snRNP spatial specificityspliceosome split genestructural genesumoylation TATA boxtemplate strandtemporal specificityterminatortrans-acting factortranscriptiontranscription factortranslation操縱子成肽P位點(diǎn)多聚核糖體正性調(diào)控Pribnow盒啟動(dòng)子進(jìn)位調(diào)控基因重復(fù)序列可阻遏基因阻遏蛋白染色質(zhì)重建子核糖體循環(huán)有意義鏈S

30、D序列沉默子核糖核蛋白顆粒 空間特異性剪接體斷裂基因結(jié)構(gòu)基因sumo化 TATA盒模板鏈時(shí)間特異性終止子反式作用因子轉(zhuǎn)錄轉(zhuǎn)錄因子翻譯第十章細(xì)胞連接與細(xì)胞黏附adhering junctionadhesion belt anchoring junctioncadherincell adhesioncell adhesion molecule，CAMcell junction chemical synapse黏著連接黏著帶 錨定連接鈣黏著蛋白 細(xì)胞黏附 細(xì)胞黏附分子細(xì)胞連接化學(xué)突觸claudin communicating junctionconnexon desmosomedesmosome j

31、unctionelectric couplingelectronic synapsefilamin密封蛋白連接連接子橋粒橋粒連接電耦聯(lián)電突觸細(xì)絲蛋白focal adhesion gap junctionhemidesmosomeheterophilic bindinghomophilic bindingimmunoglobin-superfamily, Ig-SF inside outintegrinintracellular anchor proteinlinker-dependent binding metabolic couplingepithelial-mesenchymal黏著斑間隙

32、連接半橋粒異親型結(jié)合同親型結(jié)合免疫球蛋白超家族由內(nèi)向外整聯(lián)蛋白細(xì)胞內(nèi)錨定蛋白連接分子依賴性結(jié)合代謝耦聯(lián)上皮-間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)型通訊neural cell adhesion molecule，N-CAMoccludinoccluding junctionoutside in plectinselectinsynapsetalintransmembrane adhesion protein神經(jīng)細(xì)胞黏附分子閉合蛋白封閉連接由外向內(nèi)網(wǎng)蛋白選擇素突觸踝蛋白穿膜黏連蛋白transition,EMT第十一章細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)及其與細(xì)胞的相互作用anchorage dependent growthanoikis basal l

33、amina，basement membrane，BMchondroitin sulfate，CScollagencollagen diseasecollagenasecore proteindermatan sulfate，DSelastaseelastinextracellular matrix, ECMfibronectin, FNglycosaminoglycan, GAG錨定依賴性生長失巢凋亡基膜硫酸軟骨素膠原膠原病膠原酶核心蛋白硫酸皮膚素彈性蛋白酶彈性蛋白細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)纖連蛋白糖胺聚糖 glycosyltransferases heparan sulfate，HSheparinhyalu

34、ronic acid，HAkeratan sulfate，KSlaminin，LNmatrix metalloproteinases，MMPnidogen，entactin perlecanproteoglycan，PGsyndecantriple helixtropoelastin 糖基轉(zhuǎn)移酶硫酸乙酰肝素肝素透明質(zhì)酸硫酸角質(zhì)素層粘連蛋白基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶巢蛋白滲濾素 蛋白聚糖連接素三股螺旋可溶性彈性蛋白原第十二章細(xì)胞的信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)adenylate cyclase, ACcalmodulin，CaMcAMP-dependent protein kinase A，PKAcascadecGMP depe

35、dent protein kinase G，PKGcyclic AMP，cAMPcyclic GMP，cGMPdiacylglycerol，DAGeffector protein腺苷酸環(huán)化酶鈣調(diào)蛋白cAMP依賴蛋白激酶A級聯(lián)反應(yīng)cGMP依賴蛋白激酶G環(huán)磷酸腺苷環(huán)磷酸鳥苷二?；视托?yīng)蛋白first messengerG proteinG protein linked receptorguanylate cyclase，GCinositol trisphosphate，IP3insulinion channel receptorligandprotein tyrosine kinase，PTKr

36、eceptorsecond messenger第一信使G蛋白G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體鳥苷酸環(huán)化酶三磷酸肌醇胰島素離子通道受體配體酪氨酸蛋白激酶受體第二信使serine/threonine kinases，STKsignal transduction絲氨酸/蘇氨酸蛋白激酶信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)signaling networktyrosine-specific protein kinase receptor，TPKR 信號(hào)網(wǎng)絡(luò)酪氨酸蛋白激酶型受體第十三章細(xì)胞分裂與細(xì)胞周期amitosisanaphaseanti oncogeneasterbivalentCdk inhibitor，CKIcell cyclecell d

37、ivisioncellular oncogene，C-onc centrosomechalonecheckpointchiasmachiasma terminalization contractile ringcyclincyclin-dependent kinase，CDKcytostatic factor,CSF direct divisiongrowth factor無絲分裂后期抑癌基因星體二價(jià)體Cdk激酶抑制物細(xì)胞周期細(xì)胞分裂細(xì)胞癌基因中心體抑素檢測點(diǎn)交叉交叉端化收縮環(huán)細(xì)胞周期蛋白細(xì)胞周期蛋白依賴性激酶細(xì)胞靜止因子直接分裂生長因子indirect divisioninterphasek

38、inetochore microtubule maturation promoting factor，MPFmeiosismetaphasemitosismitosis,M mitotic apparatuspolar microtubuleprophaseproto-oncogenerecombination nodulespindlesynapsissynaptonemal complex，SCtelophasetetradV-oncogene，V-onc 間接分裂分裂間期動(dòng)粒微管成熟促進(jìn)因子減數(shù)分裂中期有絲分裂分裂期有絲分裂器極微管前期原癌基因重組小結(jié)紡錘體聯(lián)會(huì)聯(lián)會(huì)復(fù)合體末期四分體癌基因

39、第十五章細(xì)胞分化apical ectodermal cap cell determination cell differentiation cellular reprogrammingcleavage combinatory control compensatory regeneration dedifferentiation differential expression ectoderm embryonic induction endoderm 頂端外胚層帽 細(xì)胞決定 細(xì)胞分化 細(xì)胞重編程 卵裂 組合調(diào)控補(bǔ)償性再生 去分化 差異表達(dá) 外胚層 胚胎誘導(dǎo) 內(nèi)胚層 epimorphosis re

40、generation gastrulation genomic imprintinggrafting experiment histone code homeobox homeobox gene homeodomain homeodomain protein homeosis homeotic gene housekeeping gene微變態(tài)再生 原腸形成 基因組印記 胚胎移植實(shí)驗(yàn) 組蛋白密碼同源異形框 同源異形框基因 同源異形結(jié)構(gòu)域 同源異形域蛋白 同源異形轉(zhuǎn)變 同源異形基因 管家基因 induced pluripotent stem cells juxtacrine interactio

41、n lateral inhibition locus control region,LCR long non-coding RNA，lncRNA luxury gene luxury protein master control gene maternal effect gene,MEG mesodermmetamorphosis microRNA, miRNA morphallaxis regeneration non-coding RNA 誘導(dǎo)多能干細(xì)胞,iPS細(xì)胞近分泌相互作用 側(cè)向抑制 基因座控制區(qū) 長鏈非編碼RNA奢侈基因 奢侈蛋白 細(xì)胞分化主導(dǎo)基因 母體效應(yīng)基因 中胚層變態(tài) 微小R

42、NA變形再生 非編碼RNAorganogenesisparacrine factor pluripotent cell regeneration regeneration blastema small interfering RNA, siRNA somatic recombination spatial specificity stage specificity temporal specificity totipotent cell totipotent nucleus transdetermination transdifferentiation unipotency 器官發(fā)生旁分泌因子

43、 多能（干）細(xì)胞 再生 再生胚芽小干擾RNA體細(xì)胞重組 階段特異性空間特異性時(shí)間特異性全能（干）細(xì)胞 全能性細(xì)胞核 轉(zhuǎn)決定 轉(zhuǎn)分化 單能 第十六章細(xì)胞衰老與細(xì)胞死亡anoikis anti-apoptosis geneapoptosisapoptotic bodiesautophagosome autophagycell deathcell senescence cell shrinkagechromatin condensationClassIII PI3Kcytochrome C, cyt Cdeath receptor, DRDNA ladders 失巢凋亡抗凋亡基因細(xì)胞凋亡凋亡小體自噬泡 細(xì)胞自噬細(xì)胞死亡細(xì)胞衰老細(xì)胞皺縮染色質(zhì)凝聚III型磷脂酰肌醇三