高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題技巧ppt課件

1、1解題技巧解題技巧閱讀理解閱讀理解2閱讀理解閱讀理解 是英語(yǔ)能力培養(yǎng)的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，是考試的一個(gè)重要題型，分值高、題量大。閱讀理解考查的是英語(yǔ)能力培養(yǎng)的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，是考試的一個(gè)重要題型，分值高、題量大。閱讀理解考查的根本是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生對(duì)有關(guān)信息的加工能力。根本是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生對(duì)有關(guān)信息的加工能力。 閱讀理解能力的重要標(biāo)志是閱讀速度和理解力的正確率。閱讀理解能力的重要標(biāo)志是閱讀速度和理解力的正確率。 因此，閱讀理解的功夫應(yīng)下在平時(shí)。多因此，閱讀理解的功夫應(yīng)下在平時(shí)。多分析題型，多了解考點(diǎn)分析題型，多了解考點(diǎn)，真正做到有的放矢，提高，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。命中率。3v遼寧遼寧2010考綱要求考生能讀懂有關(guān)

2、日常生活話(huà)題的簡(jiǎn)短文字材料，例如公告、說(shuō)明、考綱要求考生能讀懂有關(guān)日常生活話(huà)題的簡(jiǎn)短文字材料，例如公告、說(shuō)明、廣告以及書(shū)廣告以及書(shū)報(bào)報(bào)雜志中關(guān)于一般性話(huà)題的簡(jiǎn)短文章雜志中關(guān)于一般性話(huà)題的簡(jiǎn)短文章,并能從中獲取相關(guān)的信息。并能從中獲取相關(guān)的信息。v1 理解主旨和要義理解主旨和要義 v2 理解文中具體信息理解文中具體信息v3 根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義v4 作出簡(jiǎn)單判斷和推理作出簡(jiǎn)單判斷和推理v5 理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)v6 理解作者的意圖理解作者的意圖觀(guān)點(diǎn)和態(tài)度觀(guān)點(diǎn)和態(tài)度4主旨大意型主旨大意型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型 詞詞 義義 猜猜 測(cè)測(cè) 型型命命 題題 類(lèi)類(lèi)因

3、此有關(guān)閱讀理解題目主要有以下幾種因此有關(guān)閱讀理解題目主要有以下幾種: :推推 理理 判判 斷斷 型型5主旨大意題主旨大意題干擾項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng) 可能是文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)?？赡苁俏闹心硞€(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。干擾項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng) 可能是從文中某些可能是從文中某些 (不完全的不完全的) 事事 實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。干擾項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬非文章事實(shí)的主觀(guān)臆斷?？赡軐俜俏恼率聦?shí)的主觀(guān)臆斷。(正確答案正確答案) : 據(jù)文章全面理解據(jù)文章全面理解而歸納概括出來(lái)的；不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過(guò)其實(shí)或以偏概全。而歸納概括出來(lái)的；不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過(guò)其實(shí)或以偏概全。61)What does the writer

4、mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summar-ise the main idea of this text?3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?4)Which is the subject discussed in the text?6)Whats the best title for this passage?主旨大意題主旨大意題的常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)形式的常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)形式:7閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練Basic Training-主旨大意題主旨大意題8Passage

5、1 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper for-eign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as

6、Asia, and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不能滿(mǎn)足的）不能滿(mǎn)足的）society.練習(xí)題練習(xí)題細(xì)節(jié)題細(xì)節(jié)題9Question: Which of the following statements best expresses the main id

7、ea of the paragraphA. GM is one of the largest car producers.B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia.C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers.D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers.文章文章10【解析】答案為C C。take sth. awa

8、y of sb.take sth. away of sb.和和 cast sb. sth.cast sb. sth. 的意思相似。的意思相似。 本段落以一、二句引出要表達(dá)的主題，在主題句出現(xiàn)后，再舉例子陳述細(xì)節(jié)或繼續(xù)論證。 尋找主題句往往是做好此類(lèi)題的關(guān)鍵。每段的主題句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和歸納分析)一般都用來(lái)表示一個(gè)段落的主旨大意。文章11 文章中心是文章中心是論點(diǎn)論點(diǎn)，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是論據(jù)論據(jù)或或主要理由主要理由；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問(wèn)題常對(duì)文；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問(wèn)題常對(duì)文中某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)、某句子、某段落等細(xì)節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，所提問(wèn)題一般可中某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)、某句子、某段落等細(xì)節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，所提問(wèn)題

9、一般可直接直接或或間接間接在文章中找到答案。在文章中找到答案。 提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞常有：提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。等。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型 解題原則解題原則：忠實(shí)于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀(guān)臆斷。忠實(shí)于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀(guān)臆斷。12事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題干擾項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng) 范圍過(guò)大、過(guò)小范圍過(guò)大、過(guò)小 。干擾項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng) 偷換概念。偷換概念。干擾項(xiàng)干擾項(xiàng) 正誤并存，某個(gè)分句是正確的。正誤并存，某個(gè)分句是正確的。解題方法解題方法 : 原文定位法。原文定位法。查讀法：帶著問(wèn)題尋找答案，把注意力集中在與查讀法：帶著問(wèn)

10、題尋找答案，把注意力集中在與who, what, when, where問(wèn)題有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)上。上。1. 細(xì)心！細(xì)心！131）Which of the following statements is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text? 在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實(shí)和特定細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題常有以下幾種命題方式：在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實(shí)和特定細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題常有以下幾種命題方式：143）The author ( or the passage) states that_.4）According to the passa

11、ge, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_?15閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練Basic Training-事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型16 Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275 Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above?A. A child aged 8 requires more th

12、an 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that

13、 an office worker does.17 Passage2 Passage2 The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay supply it with energy. T

14、hat is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The the a

15、mount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart showsnumber of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows CALORIES NEEDED PER DAYBaby 750Office worker 2,700Child aged 8 2,100 Woman feeding

16、baby 2,700Man over 70 2,100Boy aged 16 3,000Woman 3,600Farmer 2,600練習(xí)題18【解析】答案為 D D 。 根據(jù)文章細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，計(jì)算公式為： (90-35)51=275【解析】答案為 C C 。 根據(jù)文章圖表，依次驗(yàn)證A、B、C、D 四個(gè)答案的內(nèi)容是否正確。很易找出 C C 符合圖表內(nèi)容。文章文章19 同義法同義法 常在詞或短語(yǔ)之間有并列連詞常在詞或短語(yǔ)之間有并列連詞and或或or，它們連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義它們連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此可以推測(cè)。上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此可以推測(cè)。 反義法反義法 如如 hot and

17、 cold, give and receive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定?？偟龋蚯熬錇榭隙?，后句為否定?？傊~與詞間都起著互為線(xiàn)索的作用。之，詞與詞間都起著互為線(xiàn)索的作用。 釋義法釋義法 對(duì)文章中的生詞用定語(yǔ)（從句）、表語(yǔ)甚至于用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)對(duì)文章中的生詞用定語(yǔ)（從句）、表語(yǔ)甚至于用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)引出并加以解釋說(shuō)明。符號(hào)引出并加以解釋說(shuō)明。詞義猜測(cè)型詞義猜測(cè)型 情景推斷法、代詞替代法情景推斷法、代詞替代法等等201 1）文中找線(xiàn)索或信息詞）文中找線(xiàn)索或信息詞; ;2) 2) 根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新單詞之意；根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新單詞之意； 3 3）根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞匯在

18、特定句中確切意思。）根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞匯在特定句中確切意思。4. 4. 特別注意熟詞新意！特別注意熟詞新意！做題要領(lǐng)做題要領(lǐng)21閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練Basic Training-詞義猜測(cè)型詞義猜測(cè)型22Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick Passage3: Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the

19、urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(應(yīng)得的，值得的應(yīng)得的，值得的). 解 釋第四節(jié)23解 釋 這段文字中講到加納這個(gè)國(guó)家中這段文字中講到加納這個(gè)國(guó)家中 的大多數(shù)婦女，受過(guò)教育的的

20、大多數(shù)婦女，受過(guò)教育的 （educatededucated）和沒(méi)和沒(méi)有受過(guò)教育的有受過(guò)教育的 （illiterateilliterate）；）；住在城市的住在城市的 （urbanurban）和住在農(nóng)村的（和住在農(nóng)村的（ruralrural），），年輕的（年輕的（youngyoung）和年長(zhǎng)的（和年長(zhǎng)的（oldold）正好是一對(duì)對(duì)反義詞。因此選正好是一對(duì)對(duì)反義詞。因此選 C C 項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。本題答案選本題答案選C C24 推理判斷題：高考重頭戲，推理判斷題：高考重頭戲，2020個(gè)題中常有個(gè)題中常有6-86-8個(gè)，著重考查學(xué)生歸納概括、邏輯個(gè)，著重考查學(xué)生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。推理等綜合能力。

21、 以原文內(nèi)容以原文內(nèi)容為前提，據(jù)作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)理論（非考生觀(guān)點(diǎn)），客觀(guān)地對(duì)文中未明顯說(shuō)明為前提，據(jù)作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)理論（非考生觀(guān)點(diǎn)），客觀(guān)地對(duì)文中未明顯說(shuō)明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。推理判斷推理判斷型型 透過(guò)現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀(guān)點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、語(yǔ)氣及態(tài)度等。透過(guò)現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀(guān)點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、語(yǔ)氣及態(tài)度等。25推理判斷題推理判斷題（做題要領(lǐng)） 既要求學(xué)生透過(guò)文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章既要求學(xué)生透過(guò)文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章隱含意思隱含意思，又要求學(xué)生對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章，又要求學(xué)生對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推

22、理判斷，力求從細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀(guān)點(diǎn)。去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀(guān)點(diǎn)。26推理判斷型推理判斷型常見(jiàn)的命題方式有：常見(jiàn)的命題方式有： The passage implies (暗示暗示) that_. We can conclude (得出結(jié)論得出結(jié)論) from the passage that_.Which of the following can be inferred (推論推論)?27vWhat is the tone (語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)氣) of the author ?vWhat is the purpose (目的目的) o

23、f this passage?vThe passage is intended to _.vWhere would this passage most probably appear? 28閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練Basic Training-推理判斷型推理判斷型29 Passage4 The concept (n. 觀(guān)念觀(guān)念 ) of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. About 90 percent of all illnesses might be preventable if

24、 individual (n. 個(gè)人個(gè)人 ) made sound ( adj. 健健康的康的 ) personal health choices based upon present (adj.現(xiàn)在的現(xiàn)在的) medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it limited when it is within the legal (adj. 法律的法律的 ) and moral boundaries ( n.界限界限 ) of society. The structure of Am

25、erican society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may affect our health. If we do desire, we can smoke , drink much, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever food we want, and live a completely sedentary (adj. 久坐的，勞心的久坐的，勞心的 ) lifestyle without any exercise. 練習(xí)題30Q: The conc

26、ept of personal choice about health is important because_. A. personal health choices help cure most illnesses. B. it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge. C. it is basic to personal freedom in American society. D. wrong decisions could lead to poor health.文章31解析：解析：據(jù)前兩句可以得知，不良的選擇會(huì)導(dǎo)致健康狀況變壞

27、，因此答案選據(jù)前兩句可以得知，不良的選擇會(huì)導(dǎo)致健康狀況變壞，因此答案選 D D 。選出的答案選出的答案一定要在原文中找到依據(jù)或理由，不能只憑常識(shí)或自己主觀(guān)胡亂推測(cè)。一定要在原文中找到依據(jù)或理由，不能只憑常識(shí)或自己主觀(guān)胡亂推測(cè)。32 Passage5 A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement (n.成績(jī)成績(jī) ) ends up with uninspired students. Eisenberger holds (vi.認(rèn)為

28、認(rèn)為). As an exa- mple of the latter (adj. 近來(lái)的近來(lái)的 ) point ( n.觀(guān)點(diǎn)觀(guān)點(diǎn) ), he notes ( vi.特別指出特別指出 ) growing efforts at major universities to tighten ( v.使變得更緊使變得更緊 ) grading standards (及格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及格標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ) and restore ( vt.恢復(fù)使用恢復(fù)使用 ) failing grades (不及格分?jǐn)?shù)或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不及格分?jǐn)?shù)或標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ).練習(xí)題33Q: It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe_.rewarding poor performance ( n.成績(jī)成績(jī) ) may kill the creativity of students .B. punishment is more effective than rewarding. C. failing (v. 給給不及格不及格 ) uninspired students helps improve their overall (adj.全面的全面