It的用法(趙金玉）

1、 Book6 Unit3 period 4 Grammar1、 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) It做形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)的規(guī)則2、 學(xué)法指導(dǎo) 閱讀課本21頁(yè)的內(nèi)容，自主完成導(dǎo)學(xué)案的內(nèi)容，難點(diǎn)部分小組討論。三、知識(shí)鏈接 1. it 作人稱代詞(1). it的最基本用法是作代詞，主要指剛提到的事物，以避免重復(fù)。 Xian is a beautiful city, isnt it? (2). 也可以指動(dòng)物或嬰兒 Is this your dog？No, it isnt. 2. it作非人稱代詞(1).it有時(shí)并不指具體的東西，而泛指天氣、時(shí)間、日期、距離、價(jià)值、度量、溫度、環(huán)境等，

2、 稱為非人稱的it：指天氣：It is a lovely day, isnt it? It is a bit windy. 指時(shí)間: It was nearly midnight when she came back.指環(huán)境: It was very quiet in the café. 指距離：It is half an hours walk to the city centre from my home.指日期： - What's the date today? - It's May 1, 2007.指季節(jié)：It

3、is summer now.指度量：It is about 5 kilograms.指價(jià)值：- What's the cost of the T-shirt? - It is 150 yuan. 3. it用作形式主語(yǔ)替代作主語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞，而把真正作主語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞置于句尾。A. 代作動(dòng)詞不定式主語(yǔ)(1) It be + adj.+ (for sb.) to do sth.此處的adj. 通常為描述事件的形容詞：easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible，likely，unli

4、kely，right，wrong，important，unimportant，legal，illegal，well-mannered，impolite，ill-mannered，polite，clear，obvious，certain，suitable，proper, useful，useless, dangerousIt is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license. (2) It be + adj. + of sb. to do sth.此處的adj. 通常為描述人的形容詞：kind， unkind，nice，ru

5、de，cruel，considerate，thoughtful，thoughtless，careful，careless，silly，foolish，stupid，clever，wise，crazy.Its kind of you to help me with the problem.(3) it替代動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的常見句型It's no good/use doingIt's（well）worthwhile doing/ to doIt's no use crying over spilt milk.B. it作形式主語(yǔ), 替代主語(yǔ)從句(1)It is + adj. +

6、clause It is clear/obvious/true/possible/certain that . 該句型中it 是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，常譯為“是清楚的/顯然的/ 真的/”, 是主語(yǔ)從句最常見的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. (2) It is v-ed that It is said /reported/ learned/believed /thought /known/told/hoped . that . 該句型中的it 仍是形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)是that

7、引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句；該結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為“據(jù)說(shuō)（據(jù)報(bào)道，據(jù)悉）”。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.(3) It is + n. +從句 It is a pity /a shame /an honor /a good thing/a fact /a surprise/. that . 該句型中，that后的從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should + 動(dòng)詞原形），should可省去，表示出乎意料，常譯為“竟然”。沒(méi)有這種意義時(shí)，則不

8、用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如：It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class. 這種事竟然發(fā)生在你們班上，真是遺憾！It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遺憾！It is time (about time，high time)that.該句型中that后的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，值得注意的是從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)表示虛擬，有時(shí)也用should動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省，常譯為“是(正是)的時(shí)候了”。 It is time that children should go to bed. It is t

9、ime that children went to bed. 孩子們?cè)撍恕?It is the first(second.)time that.該句型中的that從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而用完成時(shí)態(tài)。至于用什么完成時(shí)態(tài)，由主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)決定。如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，后面從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)；如果是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，后面從句則用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，該結(jié)構(gòu)中that可以省去；it有時(shí)用this/that替換，常譯為“是第一(二)次做”It is the first time I have been here.這是我第一次到這里來(lái)。4. it作形式賓語(yǔ)當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)是不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句時(shí)，往往把賓語(yǔ)放在補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)后

10、面，而用it 作形式賓語(yǔ)，放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之前。該句型中的it 作形式賓語(yǔ)，常用的動(dòng)詞有think, believe, make, find, consider, feel等。 I think it no use arguing with him. 我認(rèn)為和他爭(zhēng)吵沒(méi)有用。 I found it very interesting to study English. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)英語(yǔ)非常有趣。He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject. 他非常清楚地表示他對(duì)那門學(xué)科不感興趣。5. it常用的固定搭配1.make it (1)在口

11、語(yǔ)當(dāng)中相當(dāng)于succeed,表示“成功,做到,說(shuō)定,趕上,及時(shí)到達(dá)”。Its hard to make it to the top in show business. 想在演藝圈出人頭地并非易事。(2)在口語(yǔ)中相當(dāng)于“fix the date for”,表示“約定好時(shí)間”。Shall we meet next week?我們下周見面好嗎? OK.We just make it next Saturday. 好的。我們定在下周六吧。2.Take it/things easy. 相當(dāng)于“Dont worry.”或“Dont hurry.”。用來(lái)勸告別人,表示“不要慌,別擔(dān)心,沉住氣”。Take i

12、t easy! He will do it well.別擔(dān)心!他會(huì)做好的。3.It (all) depends./That depends. 在口語(yǔ)中,相當(dāng)于“It hasnt been decided yet.”,表示“那得看情況,還沒(méi)有定下來(lái)”。Are you going to the countryside for holiday? 你要去鄉(xiāng)下度假嗎? It/That depends.還沒(méi)定下來(lái)呢。4.Its up to sb. 在口語(yǔ)中,相當(dāng)于“Its decided by sb.”,表示“由決定,由負(fù)責(zé),取決于”。Shall we go out for dinner?我們出去吃晚飯嗎

13、? Its up to you.你決定吧。 5.It remains to be done+從句(真正的主語(yǔ))有待于 It doesnt matter+從句(真正的主語(yǔ))(沒(méi))有關(guān)系 6.It hits/strikes/occurs to sb.+從句(真正的主語(yǔ))某人突然想起 7.動(dòng)詞appreciate/hate/love/like/dislike后面接if或when引導(dǎo)的從句時(shí),中間需用it,構(gòu)成“appreciate/hate/love/like/dislike+it+if/when從句” 8.動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)rely/depend on/upon依靠；see to負(fù)責(zé)、確保；answer f

14、or負(fù)擔(dān)、擔(dān)保；ask for請(qǐng)求后跟that引導(dǎo)的從句作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),中間需用形式賓語(yǔ)it,構(gòu)成“動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)+it+that從句結(jié)構(gòu)” 9.用于動(dòng)詞+it+介詞短語(yǔ)+that從句結(jié)構(gòu)中: take it for granted that認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然 owe it to sb.that把歸功于某人 leave it to sb. that把留給某人 keep it in mind that把 歸納拓展 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)句式： (1)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：Itbe被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that(指人時(shí)可以用who代替)從句 (2)一般疑問(wèn)句：Is/Wasit被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that/who.從句 (3)特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞is/wasit

15、that/who.從句 (4)not.until.的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式：Itbenot until.that.從句 即學(xué)即練 單句語(yǔ)法填空。 _ is only when we get ill that we begin to realize how important it is to keep healthy. How was _ that you managed to get out of the bus on fire? 單句改錯(cuò)。 When is it we will have a meeting? 代詞it, one that的區(qū)別one表示泛指，that和it 表示特指。that

16、與所指名詞為同類，但不是同一個(gè)，而it 與所指名詞為同一個(gè)。 I cant find my hat. I think I must buy one.  (不定) The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.  (同類但不同個(gè)) I cant find my hat. I

17、0;dont know where I put it.  (同一物) 四自測(cè)試題（句型轉(zhuǎn)換）Rewrite the sentences using it as subject or object.1. How wonderful! My father has decided to give up smoking. _ _ _ _ my father has decided to give up smoking.2. The night was dark and windy when Mr. Brown left his house.

18、_ _ _ _ _ _ night when Mr. Brown left his house. 3. He thought caring for her and helping her were his duty. He thought _ _ _ _ to care for her and help her.4. As we all know, going to bed early and getting up early can help people keep fit. _ _ _ _ going to bed early and getting up early can help p

19、eople keep fit.5. He is said to have just gotten a doctors degree in medicine. _ _ _ that he has just gotten a doctors degree in medicine. 6. Dont try to change his mind; he just wont listen to you. _ _ _ _ trying to change his mind. 7. The artist spent two hours completing the painting. _ _ the art

20、ist two hours to complete the painting. 8. He gave up reading the article because it was too difficult for him. He found _ _ _ _ to read the article and he gave up. 生成問(wèn)題： 五當(dāng)堂檢測(cè) 1.單句改錯(cuò) 每句中有1處錯(cuò)誤，找出并改正。 （1）As was known to them all that William had broken his promise that he would give each of them a gi

21、ft. （2）How long are you staying there? This depends. （3）Is that necessary to complete the design before National Day? （4）I was disappointed with the film. I had expected one to be much better. （5）He felt his duty to work for human rights and progress. 2.語(yǔ)法填空 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 As a

22、 man was passing some elephants, he suddenly stopped, confused by the fact that these huge creatures were being held by only a small rope 1. (tie) to their front leg. No chains, no cages.2._ was obvious that the elephants could, at anytime, break 3._ from their bonds but for some reason, they did not. He saw a trainer nearby an