汽車底盤構(gòu)造變速器2ppt課件

1、 汽車底盤構(gòu)造 變速器與分動(dòng)器主講孟慶雨 第一節(jié)第一節(jié) 變速器的功用和類型變速器的功用和類型 功用： （1）改變傳動(dòng)比，擴(kuò)大驅(qū)動(dòng)輪轉(zhuǎn)矩和轉(zhuǎn)速的變化范圍，以適應(yīng)經(jīng)常變化的行駛條件，使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在有利的工況下工作。 （2）在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)旋轉(zhuǎn)方向不變的前提下，使汽車倒退行駛。 （3）利用空檔中斷動(dòng)力傳遞，以使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)能夠起動(dòng)、怠速，并便于變速器換檔或進(jìn)行動(dòng)力輸出。1.變速器的功用和組成變速器的功用和組成2.變速器的類型變速器的類型1）按傳動(dòng)比變化方式不同：）按傳動(dòng)比變化方式不同：n有級(jí)式變速器；有級(jí)式變速器；用齒輪傳動(dòng)，有若干個(gè)定值傳動(dòng)比n無(wú)級(jí)式變速器：無(wú)級(jí)式變速器：采用電力或液力變矩器傳動(dòng)，傳動(dòng)比可在一定的數(shù)

2、值范圍內(nèi)連續(xù)變化。 n綜合式變速器：綜合式變速器： 由液力變矩器和行星齒輪式變速器組成，傳動(dòng)比可在幾個(gè)范圍內(nèi)連續(xù)變化。2）按操縱方式不同：）按操縱方式不同：n強(qiáng)制操縱式：強(qiáng)制操縱式：靠駕駛員直接操縱變速桿換檔 。n自動(dòng)操縱式：自動(dòng)操縱式：換檔自動(dòng)進(jìn)行。 n半自動(dòng)操縱式：半自動(dòng)操縱式：常用的幾個(gè)檔位自動(dòng)操縱；預(yù)選式變速器組成變速器組成變速傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)：改變轉(zhuǎn)速比、改變轉(zhuǎn)矩、改變方向操縱機(jī)構(gòu)：實(shí)現(xiàn)換檔3.變速器的組成變速器的組成變速傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)（按傳動(dòng)齒輪軸數(shù)）三軸式齒輪變速傳動(dòng)兩軸式齒輪變速傳動(dòng)第二節(jié) 變速器的變速傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)一、有級(jí)式變速器變速傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的組成、工作原理和常見的換檔方式1.變速傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的組成

3、變速傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)主要由齒輪、軸及變速器殼體等零部件組成。第二節(jié) 變速器的變速傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)輸入軸中間軸輸出軸倒檔軸變速齒輪結(jié)合套殼體2.變速傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的工作變速傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的工作原理原理 1） 利用不同齒數(shù)利用不同齒數(shù)的齒輪對(duì)相互嚙合，的齒輪對(duì)相互嚙合，以改變變速器的傳動(dòng)以改變變速器的傳動(dòng)比；比；i i12=n n1 1/n/n2 2= z= z2 2/z /z1 1= m= m2 2/m/m1 1nz z1 1 ，n n1 1 ， mm1 1為主動(dòng)齒輪的為主動(dòng)齒輪的參數(shù)。參數(shù)。 nz z2 2 ，n n2 2 ， mm2 2為從動(dòng)齒輪的為從動(dòng)齒輪的參數(shù)。參數(shù)。從動(dòng)輪2主動(dòng)輪1i=主動(dòng)齒輪齒數(shù)主動(dòng)齒輪齒數(shù)從動(dòng)

4、齒輪齒數(shù)從動(dòng)齒輪齒數(shù)gearsgears are used to multiply either torque or speed as power is transferred from one shaft to another. in this case the gear ratio is 40 20 or 2:1. the blue gear will have twice the torque but one-half the speed as the green gear.input: 20 teethoutput: 40 teethgear typesthe most common

5、gear types are spur (left) and helical (right) gears. spur gears have the teeth cut parallel to the shaft. the teeth of a helical gear are cut at an angle. a helical gear runs quieter, costs more, and generates a side thrust under load.spur gearshelical gearsn 2）通過(guò)增加齒輪傳動(dòng)的對(duì)數(shù)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)倒檔。 idler gearsan idle

6、r gear (orange) can be put in a gear train to reverse direction of rotation. a simple idler, as shown, will not change the gear ratio. in this case, the gear ratio is 40 (blue output gear) divided by 20 (green input gear) = 2:1, and both the input and output rotate clockwise.clockwise rotationidler

7、gear, counterclockwise rotation3常見的換檔方式（1）利用滑動(dòng)齒輪換檔 沖擊、噪聲、損壞齒端面、舒適性降低。倒擋常用。（2）利用接合套換檔 同時(shí)承受換檔沖擊的齒數(shù)多，輪齒不參與換檔，不會(huì)發(fā)生早期損壞。不能消除換檔沖擊。（3）利用同步器換檔 迅速、無(wú)沖擊、無(wú)噪聲換檔 ；與熟練程度無(wú)關(guān)。加速性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性和行駛安全性提高。二、兩軸式變速器manual transaxle operationpurposea manual transaxle is used in many fwd vehicles. it provides various gear ratios that

8、are necessary to transfer power from the engine and clutch to the drive shafts and wheels.to clutchto drive shaftconstructionmost transaxles have three major shafts:an input shaft that connects to the clutch disc with the driving gears, a main/intermediate shaft with the driven gears, andthe output

9、shaft with the differentialinput shaftintermediate shaftoutput: final drive & differentialbearingsa pair of tapered roller bearings (orange) are used to support each of the two major shafts and differential. this type of bearing allows the shaft to rotate freely, but eliminates any end play. som

10、e transmissions use ball bearings for this same purpose.優(yōu)點(diǎn)：直徑較?。粚挾容^大；容量大；可承受高負(fù)荷；三元件基本位置關(guān)系能使?jié)L子正確對(duì)中，軸承可靠性和壽命提高；軸和齒輪的剛度提高，齒輪噪聲降低，減少脫檔可能。speed gears & synchronizersa synchronizer assembly normally has a speed gear positioned on each side of it. the speed gears float on the shaft. the synchronizer sl

11、eeve engages the clutching teeth of the speed gear to transfer its motion to the shaft.1st 4th 3rd rev. 5th 2nd fixed gearsone of the gears, either the driving or driven gear, for each gear ratio is fixed solidly to one of the shafts. it meshes with a speed gear to provide the proper gear ratio.rev.

12、 5th 2nd 1st 4th 3rd shifting gearsa rather complex mechanism connects the gear shift lever to the shift forks inside the transaxle. the shift forks move the synchronizer sleeves to make the shifts from one gear range to another.to shift levershift forkneutralif each of the synchronizers assemblies

13、is in neutral and the reverse idler gear is not in mesh, power is not able to get from the input shaft to the intermediate shaft. the input shaft and the speed gears can rotate, but the intermediate shaft will not be driven.all synchros. are in neutral, center position1st gearthis is the lowest gear

14、 ratio with the smallest gear on the input shaft driving the largest gear on the intermediate shaft. in this example a 12 tooth gear drives a 42 tooth gear. 42 12 = 3.501st gear, driving1st gear, driven1-2 synchro., shifted to 1st2nd gearthe 1-2 synchronizer is moved to engage the 2nd speed gear. no

15、w a 14 tooth gear drives a 35 tooth gear. the ratio is: 35 14 = 2.502nd gear, driving2nd gear, driven1-2 synchro., shifted to 2nd 3rd gearwith the 1-2 synchronizer in neutral, the 3-4 synchronizer is moved to engage the 17 tooth speed gear. it drives a 21 tooth gear. the ratio is 21 17 = 1.24:1.3rd

16、gear, driving3rd gear, driven3-4 synchro., shifted to 3rd 4th gearthe 3-4 synchronizer is moved to engage the 19 tooth speed gear that is drives an 18 tooth gear. the ratio is 18 19 = 0.95:1. note that this is an overdrive ratio so the intermediate shaft will rotate faster than the input shaft.4th g

17、ear, driving4th gear, driven3-4 synchro. shifted to 4th 5th gearthe 5th gear synchronizer is moved to engage the 15 tooth 5th speed gear. it is driven by a 20 tooth gear so the ratio is 15 20 = 0.75:1, another overdrive ratio.5th gear, driving5th gear, driven5-rev synchro. shifted to 5threversethe 5

18、-reverse synchro. is shifted into mesh with the 42 tooth rev. speed gear. a 12 tooth rev. gear drives it. the idler gear is used to change the direction of rotation. the ratio is 42 12 = 3.50:1rev. gear, drivingrev. gear, driven5-rev. synchro. shifted to rev.rev. idler gearother reverse typessome tr

19、ansaxles construct the 1-2 synchronizer sleeve with the reverse gear teeth surrounding it. the reverse idler gear is shifted into mesh with the reverse drive gear and the driven gear on the synchro. sleeve. this is difficult to illustrate because the idler gear and shaft are positioned behind the ot

20、her gears.rev. idler gearrev. drive gear1-2 synchro. + 1st & 2nd speed gearsrev. driven gearinput shaftfinal drivea 20 tooth gear on the intermediate shaft drives the 80 tooth ring gear on the differential. power is transferred from the ring gear to the differential case and through the differen

21、tial gears to the cv joints and front driveshafts. the ratio is 80 20 = 4:1pinion gearring geardiff. side geardiff. pinion gearcv jointoverall ratiosthe overall ratio between the engine and the drive wheels is effected by both gear ratios. these ratios become: 1st gear: 3.50 x 4 = 14:1 2nd gear: 2.5

22、0 x 4 = 10:1 3rd gear: 1.24 x 4 = 4.96:1 4th gear: 0.95 x 4 = 3.80:15th gear: 0.75 x 4 = 3:1 reverse: 3.50 x 4 = 14:1二、兩軸式變速器二、兩軸式變速器n應(yīng)用：應(yīng)用： ff rr 特點(diǎn)：特點(diǎn)： 輸入軸與輸出軸平行，無(wú)中間軸。輸入軸與輸出軸平行，無(wú)中間軸。 組成：組成： 輸入軸、輸出軸、倒檔軸、軸承、變速輸入軸、輸出軸、倒檔軸、軸承、變速齒輪齒輪桑塔納轎車變速器結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖桑塔納轎車變速器結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖桑塔納轎車桑塔納轎車兩軸式變速器n結(jié)構(gòu)分析：結(jié)構(gòu)分析：n一軸：一、二檔齒輪與軸一體；三、四檔

23、齒輪與軸通過(guò)軸承空套一軸：一、二檔齒輪與軸一體；三、四檔齒輪與軸通過(guò)軸承空套軸上。軸上。 n二軸：一、二檔齒輪與通過(guò)軸承連接；三、四檔齒輪與軸一體。二軸：一、二檔齒輪與通過(guò)軸承連接；三、四檔齒輪與軸一體。一、二檔傳動(dòng)路線三、四檔傳動(dòng)路線倒檔傳動(dòng)路線三、三軸式變速器 三軸是指汽車前進(jìn)時(shí)，傳遞動(dòng)力的軸有第一軸、中間軸和第二軸，直接檔除外。 換檔原理一軸中間軸二軸三軸式變速器結(jié)構(gòu)圖傳動(dòng)方向結(jié)合齒圈結(jié)合套齒花鍵轂 跳檔方向四、防止自動(dòng)跳檔的措施四、防止自動(dòng)跳檔的措施 （1）切薄齒式）切薄齒式利用接合套換檔的變速器，由于接合套與齒圈的接合長(zhǎng)度較短，同時(shí)汽車行駛時(shí)需要經(jīng)常換檔，頻繁撥動(dòng)接合套將使齒端發(fā)生磨

24、損。汽車行駛中可能會(huì)因振動(dòng)等原因造成接合套與齒圈脫離嚙合，即發(fā)生自動(dòng)跳檔。（2）斜面齒式）斜面齒式結(jié)合齒圈結(jié)合套齒花鍵轂結(jié)合齒圈傳動(dòng)方向接合套和接合齒圈的齒端制成倒斜面（3）接合套的齒端制成凸肩）接合套的齒端制成凸肩 五、組合式變速器5-speed manual transmissionpurposea manual transmission is used in many rwd and 4wd vehicles. it provides the various gear ratios that are necessary to transfer power from the engine

25、and clutch to the drive shafts and wheels.engine clutch transmission driveshaft drive axleconstructionmanual transmissions have three major shafts: an input shaft/ main drive gear that connects to the clutch disc, a counter shaft that is commonly called a cluster gear, and the main shaft/output shaf

26、t with the driven gears and synchronizers.main shaftinput shaftcluster gearbearingsthe main drive gear and main shaft are each supported by a ball or roller bearing with a pilot bearing where the main shaft fits into the main drive gear. the cluster gear is supported by a pair of bearings. these bea

27、rings are colored orange.cluster gear bearingsmain shaft bearingpilot bearingmain drive gear bearingspeed gears & synchronizersa synchronizer assembly normally has two speed gears, one on each side of it. the speed gears float on the main shaft. the synchronizer sleeve engages the clutching teet

28、h of a speed gear to transfer its motion to the shaft.1-2 synchro.3-4 synchro.5-rev. synchro.3rd speed gear2nd speed gear5th speed gear1st speed gearreverse speed gear6-speed main shaft3-4 synchro. 1-2 synchro. 5-6 driven gear rev. synchro. outputspeed gear journals:3rd 2nd 1st reversethis mainshaft

29、 has 3 splined areas that connect to the synchronizer hubs, a set of splines for the 5-6 fixed/driven gear, 1 set of output splines for the drive shaft slip joint. and 4 smooth journals for the speed gears.fixed gearsthe main drive gear and cluster gears are normally made as part of their shaft. the

30、se are the driving gears for each of the gear ranges.shifting gearsmost suv and pickup transmissions incorporate the shift mechanism into the the top of the unit. movement of the gear shit lever will move one of the shift forks connected to the synchronizer sleeve.shift levershift railshift forkshif

31、t detentsmost detents are spring-loaded balls (red) that are pushed into one of two or three notches in a shift rail or cam. they are used to hold the shift rail in an exact position which places the synchro. sleeve or gear in an exact position. the center shift rail detents are in back of the rail.

32、detent ball detent springshift rail shift forkshift interlocksthis 5-speed transmission has three shift rails that transmit motion from the shift lever to the shift forks. when one of the rails is moved from neutral, the plugs are moved sideways to lock the other rails in placeshift railsplug pin pl

33、ugneutralif each of the synchronizers assemblies is in neutral and the reverse idler gear is not in mesh, power is not able to get from the speed gears to the main shaft. the input shaft, cluster gear, and speed gears rotate but not the main shaft.all synchros. in neutral, center positionneutralin n

34、eutral with the clutch engaged, the input shaft will spin, but there will be no power transferred. input from clutchoutput to drive shaftneutral power flow5-speed gearboxdouble reductionmanual transmission gear ratios are effected by two gear sets. the first (input) is the ratio between the main dri

35、ve gear and cluster gear. the second is the ratio between the drive and driven gears for each gear range.15 tooth main drive gear20 tooth cluster gear1st gearsinput reduction: 20 15 = 1.33:1 reduction, 1st gears: 3:1 1st gear ratio: 1.3 x 3 = 3.9:11st gearthe 1-2 synchronizer is moved to engage the

36、clutching teeth on the 45 tooth 1st speed gear. it is driven by a 15 tooth gear on the cluster gear. the 1st gear ratio is 3.9:1.1-2 synchro. shifted to 1st 1st speed gear, driven1st gear, driving2nd gearthe 1-2 synchronizer is moved to engage the 40 tooth, 2nd speed gear. it is driven by a 20 tooth

37、 gear on the cluster gear. the cluster to main shaft ratio is 1.3:1, and the 2nd gear ratio is 2:1 x 1.3:1 = 2.6:1.2nd speed gear, driven2nd gear, driving1-2 synchro. shifted to 2nd 3rd gearthe 3-4 synchronizer is moved to engage the 20 tooth 3rd speed gear. it is driven be a 15 tooth gear on the cl

38、uster gear. the gear ratio is: 1.3:1 x 1.3:1 = 1.69:1.3-4 synchro. shifted to 3rd 3rd gear, driving3rd gear, driven4th gearthe 3-4 synchronizer is moved to engage the clutching teeth on the main drive gear. power is transmitted directly to the main shaft so the ratio is 1:1, direct drive.3-4 synchro

39、. shifted to 4th main drive gearmain shaft5th gearthe 5-rev. synchronizer is moved to engage the 20 tooth 5th speed gear. it is driven by a 30 tooth gear that is part of the cluster gear. the ratio is 0.66:1 x 1.3:1 = 0.86:15th gear, driving5-rev. synchro shifted to 5th5th gear, drivenother 5th gear

40、 typesthe 5th driving gear in this transmission is a speed gear mounted on the cluster gear along with the 5th gear synchronizer. the 5th driven gear is attached to the mainshaft.5th driven gear5th gear synchronizer5th speed gearreversethe 5-reverse synchro. is shifted into mesh with the 45 tooth re

41、v. speed gear. a 15 tooth rev. gear on the cluster drives it through the rev. idler gear. the idler gear is used to change the direction of rotation. the reverse gear ratio is 3:1 x 1.3:1 = 3.9:1.5-rev. synchro. shifted to rev.rev. gear, drivingrev. idler gearrev. gear, drivenrev. gear, drivenother

42、reverse typessome 4 & 5 speed transmissions use a reverse driven gear that surrounds the 1-2 synchronizer sleeve. the reverse idler gear (mounted behind the other gears) is shifted into mesh with the reverse driving gear on the cluster gear and the reverse driven gear. all three of these gears a

43、re spur gears.reverse driven gearreverse drive gearreverse idler gear第三節(jié)第三節(jié) 同步器同步器n無(wú)同步器時(shí)變速器的換檔過(guò)程無(wú)同步器時(shí)變速器的換檔過(guò)程 1、從低檔換入高檔、從低檔換入高檔脫離瞬間： v4=vj v5vj、 v4 保持空檔片刻 v5降低，vj、 v4變化不大 在vj與v5相等時(shí)掛入五檔 五檔齒輪四檔齒輪中間軸結(jié)合套花鍵轂結(jié)合齒圈結(jié)合齒圈2、從高檔換入低檔、從高檔換入低檔n脫離瞬間：脫離瞬間： v5=vj v4vj、 v5 抬起離合器踏板，踩抬起離合器踏板，踩一下油門踏板一下油門踏板 ，v4升升高，高，vj變化不大

44、變化不大 在在vj與與v4相等時(shí)掛入相等時(shí)掛入四檔四檔五檔齒輪四檔齒輪中間軸結(jié)合套花鍵轂結(jié)合齒圈結(jié)合齒圈四檔工作：v3=v4，欲換檔踩離合器接合套左移處空擋因v4v2 v3v4v3v4空檔時(shí)：v4比v3下降得快，直線v3、v4不會(huì)有交點(diǎn)，不可能達(dá)到自然同步狀態(tài)，駕駛員應(yīng)在變速器退到空檔后，立即抬起離合器，同時(shí)踩加速踏板，使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)連同離合器和第一軸都從b點(diǎn)升速，讓v4v3，再踩離合器等到v3=v4，可以換檔。v3v4t2t3tvbaav3v4二、同步器構(gòu)造及工作原理二、同步器構(gòu)造及工作原理1、功用：使結(jié)合套與待嚙合齒圈迅速同步，、功用：使結(jié)合套與待嚙合齒圈迅速同步，縮短換檔時(shí)間，同時(shí)防止嚙合時(shí)齒

45、間沖擊。縮短換檔時(shí)間，同時(shí)防止嚙合時(shí)齒間沖擊。 2、結(jié)構(gòu)：、結(jié)構(gòu)： 結(jié)合套、花鍵榖、對(duì)應(yīng)齒輪上的結(jié)合齒圈、結(jié)合套、花鍵榖、對(duì)應(yīng)齒輪上的結(jié)合齒圈、同步裝置、鎖止裝置。同步裝置、鎖止裝置。 3、同步器分類：、同步器分類： u 常壓式、慣性式、自增力式常壓式、慣性式、自增力式u 慣性式同步器分類：慣性式同步器分類：鎖環(huán)式慣性同步器鎖環(huán)式慣性同步器 鎖銷式慣性同步器鎖銷式慣性同步器1.鎖環(huán)式慣性同步器sintanrfrr為鎖止面平均半徑；為鎖止面鎖止角;r摩擦錐面平均半徑; 錐面半錐角鎖環(huán)式慣性同步器鎖環(huán)式慣性同步器細(xì)牙螺旋槽滑塊結(jié)構(gòu)滑塊鎖環(huán)結(jié)合齒圈原理原理定位銷、滑塊鎖環(huán)結(jié)合齒圈1齒厚2. 鎖銷式慣

46、性同步器鎖銷式慣性同步器摩擦錐盤摩擦錐環(huán)定位銷結(jié)合套鋼球定位銷鎖銷直徑較大的摩擦錐面，可產(chǎn)生較大摩擦力矩縮短同步時(shí)間。鎖銷受力鎖銷受力鎖止角synchronizer operationsynchronizersthis 5-speed transaxle has 3 synchronizer assemblies. each one has a neutral and two other gear positions.3-4 synchro. assembly1-2 synchro. assembly5-rev synchro. assemblysynchronizer componentsi

47、nput shaft3-4 synchro.blocker ringsspeed gears with needle bearingsthe hub of this 3-4 synchronizer is splined onto the input shaft the 3rd and 4th speed gears fit over the needle bearings and the input shaft. this input shaft also has driving gears for 1st, 2nd, and reverse.synchronizer assembly, e

48、xploded viewthis synchronizer assembly has been taken apart to show the major parts. most synchronizers have 3 or 4 struts.energizer springshubsleevekey/strut/insertsynchronizer hubthe keys (green) and energizer springs (red) fit into the hub so the springs will exert an outward pressure on the keys

49、. note the splines on the inside of the hub to connect with the shaft.synchronizer assembly, assembled viewthe sleeve (orange) can slide on the hub (grey). the keys (green) are pushed outward, against the sleeve by the energizer springs (red).synchronizer sleevetwo important features of a synchroniz

50、er sleeve are the neutral detent notch around the center of the splines and the spline lock back taper at the ends of each spline. the neutral detent notch engages the hump on the keys. a complete shift places the back taper along side of the clutch teeth back taper.back taperneutral detent notchspe

51、ed gearsa speed gear has teeth (blue) that drive or are driven by another gear. it also has clutching teeth (green) that engage the synchronizer sleeve, a smooth cone surface (orange) for the blocker ring, and a smooth inner bore (yellow) for the gear to rotate on.clutching teethconeblocker ringsa b

52、locker ring is also called a synchronizer ring or stop ring. a 1-piece, metal blocker ring is used in most older transmissions. note the grooves (circled) and threads on the inner surface to remove the lubricant from the speed gear cone. the blocker ring floats in the synchronizer assembly and is dr

53、iven by the keys, positioned in the three notches (red, triple arrow).3-piece blocker ringsouter blocker ringintermediate conespeed gearinner blocker ringsome modern transmissions use paper-lined blocker rings for better shifting. these are 3-piece units. the inner and outer blocker rings are attach

54、ed to each other and the synchronizer. the intermediate cone is attached to the speed gear. these transmissions usually require a special lubricant.blocker ring operationwhen the sleeve is shifted to the left, the key will move with it. after a small amount of movement, the key will push the blocker

55、 ring against the speed gear cone, and the blocker ring will try to rotate with the speed gear. note how much bigger the blocker ring notch is than the key; this allows the key to rotate slightly to block the sleeve.speed gearsleeve blocker ringkeyhubenergizer springoperation during shiftspeed gear

56、travelsleeve spline movementblocker ring movementsleeve movement at the beginning of a shift, moves the blocker ring to contact the speed gear cone. the blocker ring then rotates slightly so its teeth are blocking the splines in the sleeve. further shift pressure pushes the blocker ring against the

57、speed gear cone. this slows the speed gear to the same speed as the synchronizer.completed shiftafter the speed gear slows down, the blocker rings moves aside, and the sleeve can move over the clutch teeth. the shift is complete when the back tapers are side by side as shown in the center.speed gear

58、sleeveback tapersclutching teethback taperthis section of a speed gear shows how the back side of the clutching teeth (light blue) are tapered to become narrower. this taper holds the synchronizer sleeve in place and prevents gear “jump out”.第四節(jié)第四節(jié) 變速器操縱機(jī)構(gòu)變速器操縱機(jī)構(gòu)n 功用：功用： 保證駕駛員能準(zhǔn)確可靠地使變速器換入某個(gè)檔位。保證駕駛員能

59、準(zhǔn)確可靠地使變速器換入某個(gè)檔位。 n 要求：要求： 自鎖功能：防止自動(dòng)換檔、脫檔。自鎖功能：防止自動(dòng)換檔、脫檔。 互鎖功能：保證變速器不會(huì)同時(shí)換入兩個(gè)檔位。互鎖功能：保證變速器不會(huì)同時(shí)換入兩個(gè)檔位。 倒檔鎖：防止誤換倒檔。倒檔鎖：防止誤換倒檔。 n 分類：分類： 直接操縱式直接操縱式 遠(yuǎn)距離操縱式遠(yuǎn)距離操縱式shifting gearsmost suv and pickup transmissions incorporate the shift mechanism into the the top of the unit. movement of the gear shit lever will move one of the shift forks connected to the synchronizer sleeve.shift levershift railshift fork定義： 變速器在駕駛員座位附近，