實驗室常用英文術(shù)語

1、實驗室常用英文術(shù)語1. 1.當(dāng)你進入國外的實驗室之前，如果不能熟練掌握實驗過程中相關(guān)物品的英文名稱及讀音，你與同處一室的技術(shù)人員之間必將產(chǎn)生強烈的交流障礙，實驗效率也將因此大打折扣。這里我匯總了數(shù)篇文章的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，并結(jié)合自己實驗室的情況，補充了大量詞匯，希望對即將出國留學(xué)的生物學(xué)科研人員有所幫助。歡迎大家補充指正。一容器與耗材（vessel & consumable material）小瓶 vial量杯 measuring cup燒杯 beaker量筒 measuring flask/measuring cylinderer坩堝 crucible坩堝鉗 crucible clamp試管

2、 test tube漏斗 funnel比色皿cuvette魚缸aquarium燒瓶 flask錐形瓶 conical flask塞子 stopper/plug洗瓶 plastic wash bottle玻璃活塞 stopcock試劑瓶 reagent bottles玻棒 glass rod攪拌棒stirring rod容量瓶 volumetric flask/measuring flask移液管 (one-mark) pipette吸液管pipette濾器 filter 濾紙 filter paper培養(yǎng)皿 culture dish移液槍 pipette移液槍槍頭 pipette tips剃刀

3、刀片razor blade手術(shù)刀scalpel垃圾袋disposable bag垃圾桶garbage bin橡皮筋 rubber band托盤Tray鋁箔aluminium foil洗耳球 rubber suction bulb保鮮膜preservative film研磨缽 mortar研杵pestle小滴管 dropper蒸餾裝置distilling apparatus桶 bucket廣口瓶 wide-mouth bottle離心機轉(zhuǎn)子 rotor試管架 test tube holder/rack酒精燈alcohol burner酒精噴燈blast alcohol burner攪拌裝置 st

4、irring device石蠟封口膜Parafilm微量離心管（EP管）Eppendorf tube載玻片Slide蓋玻片Cover glass離心管Centrifuge tube電泳槽Gel tank電線Electrical leads牙簽Toothpick螺絲釘Screw鎖緊螺母Nut, Cap nut復(fù)印紙Copy paper復(fù)寫紙Carbon paper釘Nail試管刷 test-tube brush計時器Timer鬧鐘Alarm clockU形釘Staple衣服掛鉤Coat hanger電泳用的梳子Comb扳手Shifting spanner訂書機Stapler訂書釘staple圓珠

5、筆芯Refill燈泡Globe記號筆 marker pen注射器 syringe注射器活塞 plunger鐵架臺iron support萬能夾extension clamp止水夾flatjaw pinchcock圓形漏斗架cast-iron ring橡膠管rubber tubing藥匙lab spoon鑷子forceps/ tweezers蜂鳴器 buzzer架子 shelf剪刀scissor打孔器stopper borer移液吸管 serological pipette血球計數(shù)板 hemocytometerpH試紙 universal ph indicator paper稱量紙weighin

6、g paper透明膠帶 sellotape篩子 sieve網(wǎng)眼 mesh格子 grid擦鏡紙wiper for lens水銀溫度計mercury-filled thermometer白大褂 white gown真空泵vacuum pump水浴鍋water bath kettle口罩respirator電極electrode陽極,正極anode陰極,負(fù)極cathode二實驗操作（manipulation）：丟棄 discard轉(zhuǎn)移容器 decant吸出 aspirate吹吸 blowing and suction離心收集 pellet重懸 resuspend絮狀沉淀 flocculent pre

7、cipitate渾濁的 turbid烘 bake滅菌 sterilize均質(zhì)化 homogenize 分裝 aliquot培養(yǎng) foster通風(fēng) ventilate冷卻 chill down稀釋 dilute洗脫 elute孵育 incubate超聲破碎 ultrasonication淬滅 quench裂解物L(fēng)ysate沉淀物Sediment上清 Supernatant小滴 droplet一批 batch色譜chromatograph沉淀precipitate接種inoculate探針probe 蒸餾distil/distill 攪拌Stir/agitate 旋轉(zhuǎn) swirl/ spin中和n

8、eutralize校準(zhǔn) calibrate平衡 equilibrate結(jié)塊、塊狀沉淀 clump粘稠的 viscous漂洗rinse脫水dehydrate發(fā)酵fermentation溶解 dissolve燃燒combustion水解hydrolysis過濾 filtrate濃縮 condense催化劑catalyst研磨 grind破碎 crush催化作用catalysis分解dissolution渦旋震蕩Vortex電泳 Electrophoresis抽濾suction filtration電轉(zhuǎn)化electrotransformation收菌 harvest切碎 chop/mince灌注pe

9、rfusion漿液slurry 三儀器（apparatus）恒溫循環(huán)儀Thermostatic circulator 空調(diào)機Air conditionerpH計pH meter照度計(測量熒光素酶酶活) luminometer磁力攪拌器magnetic stirrer烘箱oven 微波爐microwave oven電磁爐electromagnetic oven凝膠系統(tǒng)Gel system電子天平Electronic balance轉(zhuǎn)接器Adapter離心機 centrifuge蓋子 lid/ cap封口設(shè)備Sealing equipment復(fù)印機Duplicator, copying mach

10、ine超凈工作臺super clean bench通風(fēng)櫥 fume cupboard藥柜Cupboard高壓蒸汽滅菌器 autoclave電泳電源Electrophoresis power supply紫外燈Ultraviolet illumination真空泵Vacuum pump 天平 balance/scale分析天平 analytical balance臺秤 platform balance渦旋振蕩器Vortexing machineCO2培養(yǎng)箱CO2 Incubators電子顯微鏡Electro Microscopy電泳儀Electrophoresis System恒流泵consta

11、nt flow pump解剖鏡anatomical lensPCR儀Thermocycler倒置顯微鏡Inverted Microscope核磁共振波譜儀Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer光學(xué)顯微鏡Optical Microscopy搖床Shaker培養(yǎng)箱incubator超濾器Ultrahigh Purity Filter超低溫冰箱Ultra-low Temperature Freezer超聲破碎儀Ultrasonic Cell Disruptor紫外觀察燈Ultraviolet Lamp紫外-可見光分光光度計UV-Visible Spectrop

12、hotometer計算器 calculator/numerator四化學(xué)試劑（reagent）1、氨基酸丙氨酸alanine (Ala, A) 纈氨酸valine (Val, V)亮氨酸leucine (Leu, L) 異亮氨酸isoleucine (Ile,I) 脯氨酸proline (Pro, P) 苯丙氨酸phenylalanine (Phe, F)色氨酸t(yī)ryptophan (Trp, W)蛋氨酸methionine (Met, M)甘氨酸glycine (Gly, G)絲氨酸serine (Ser, S)蘇氨酸t(yī)hreonine (Thr, T)半胱氨酸cysteine (Cys,

13、C)酪氨酸t(yī)yrosine (Tyr, Y)天冬氨酸asparagines (Asn, N) 谷氨酰胺glutamine (Gln, Q)賴氨酸lysine (Lys, K)精氨酸arginine (Arg, R) 組氨酸histidine (His, H) 天冬氨酸aspartic acid (Asp, D) 谷氨酸glutamic acid (Glu, E) 2、核苷酸腺苷adenosine 鳥嘌呤核苷guanosine 胞苷cytidine胸腺嘧啶脫氧核苷thymidine尿嘧啶核苷uridine脫氧deoxy- 3、其他化學(xué)試劑二甲苯Xylene冰乙酸Acetic acid glaci

14、al 硼酸Boric acid氯化鈣 Calcium chloride巰基乙醇 mercaptoethanol咪唑 Imidazole鹽酸胍guanidine hydrochloride無水乙醇absolute ethanol乙酸鈉Sodium acetate氯化鈉Sodium chloride生理鹽水physiological saline洗滌劑detergent十二烷基磺酸鈉Sodium dodecyl sulphate鹽酸hydrochloric acid氫氧化鈉sodium hydrate/hydroxide胰蛋白胨Tryptone酵母提取物yeast extract瓊脂Agar 甘油

15、 glycerin內(nèi)毒素 endotoxin兩性霉素amphotericin氨芐Ampicillin 肝素heparin卡那霉素 Kanamycin胰蛋白酶 Trypsin溴化乙錠 ethidium bromide胰島素Insulin樹脂 resin糖類 saccharide蔗糖Sucrose醋酸鉀Potassium acetate異丙醇Isopropanol醋酸銨Ammonium acetate異戊醇Isoamyl alcohol氯仿Chloroform甲醇 methanol遺傳霉素 geneticin糖原 glycogen血清 serum高錳酸鉀potassium hypermangana

16、te考馬斯亮藍(lán) Coomassie brilliant blue液氮liquid nitrogen次氯酸鈉clorox苯酚phenol陰離子anion堿性 alkalinity實驗室常用英語-化學(xué)生物類 1. 2. 來美國學(xué)習(xí)遇到了一個很郁悶的事：走進實驗室跟別人交流非常困難，自己做實驗也是磕磕碰碰。一個很大的原因就是一些實驗儀器或是藥品的名稱不知道怎么說，以前學(xué)英文從來沒有學(xué)這些內(nèi)容。郁悶之余，我在網(wǎng)上搜集了一些相關(guān)儀器和藥品的中英對照，與大家一起學(xué)習(xí)分享，希望對學(xué)化學(xué)生物類的朋友有些幫助。由于藥品種類繁多，各人使用相關(guān)也很大，以下僅列儀器部分。容器類：量杯 measuring cup燒杯

17、beaker 不銹鋼杯stainless-steel beaker量筒 measuring flask/measuring cylinder 量筒 graduated flask/measuring cylinder坩堝 crucible 坩堝鉗 crucible clamp 坩堝 crucible pot, melting pot試管 test tube 試管架 test tube holder漏斗 funnel 分液漏斗 separatory funnel燒瓶 flask 錐形瓶 conical flask塞子 stopper洗瓶 plastic wash bottle滴定管 burett

18、e玻璃活塞 stopcock冷凝器 condenser試劑瓶 reagent bottles玻棒 glass rod 攪拌棒stirring rod蒸餾燒瓶 distilling flask碘量瓶 iodine flask表面皿 watch glass蒸發(fā)皿 evaporating dish容量瓶 volumetric flask/measuring flask移液管 (one-mark) pipette刻度移液管 graduated pipettes稱量瓶weighing bottle吸液管pipette濾管filter天平 balance/scale分析天平 analytical bala

19、nce臺秤 platform balance游碼 crossbeams and sliding weights酒精燈alcohol burner酒精噴燈blast alcohol burner攪拌裝置 stirring device洗耳球 rubber suction bulb研磨缽 mortar 研磨棒 pestle 瑪瑙研缽agate mortar瓷器 porcelain白細(xì)口瓶flint glass solution bottle with stopper滴瓶 dropping bottle 小滴管 dropper蒸餾裝置distilling apparatus蒸發(fā)器 evaporato

20、r試驗用器材：升降臺lab jack鐵架臺iron support萬能夾extension clamp蝴蝶夾double-buret clamp雙頂絲clamp regular holder止水夾flatjaw pinchcock圓形漏斗架cast-iron ring移液管架pipet rack試管架tube rack沸石boiling stone橡膠管rubber tubing藥匙lab spoon鑷子forceps坩堝鉗crucible tong剪刀scissor打孔器stopper borer石棉網(wǎng)asbestos-free wire gauze電爐絲wire coil for heat

21、er脫脂棉absorbent cottonphph試紙 universal ph indicator paper濾紙 filter paper稱量紙weighing paper擦鏡紙wiper for lens秒表stopwatch量杯glass graduates with scale白滴定管（酸） flint glass burette with glass stopcock棕色滴定管（酸） brown glass burette with glass stopcock白滴定管（堿） flint glass burette for alkali棕色滴定管（堿） brown glass bu

22、rette for alkali比重瓶specific gravity bottle水銀溫度計mercury-filled thermometerph計ph meter折光儀refractometer真空泵vacuum pump冷、熱浴bath離心機centrifuge口罩respirator防毒面具respirator、gasmask磁力攪拌器magnetic stirrer電動攪拌器power basic stirrer烘箱oven閃點儀flash point tester馬弗爐furnace電爐 heater微波爐電熱套heating mantleBunsen burner 本生燈pro

23、duct 化學(xué)反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物apparatus 設(shè)備PH indicator PH值指示劑,氫離子(濃度的)負(fù)指數(shù)指示劑matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊試紙burette 滴定管retort 曲頸甑still 蒸餾釜cupel 烤缽化學(xué)反應(yīng)：analysis 分解fractionation 分餾endothermic reaction 吸熱反應(yīng)exothermic reaction 放熱反應(yīng)precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸餾distillation 蒸餾to calcine 煅燒to

24、 oxidize 氧化alkalinization 堿化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脫氧,氧化to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氫化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脫水fermentation 發(fā)酵solution 溶解combustion 燃燒fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 堿性isomerism, isomery 同分異物現(xiàn)象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 電解electrode 電極anode 陽極,正極cathode 陰極,負(fù)極catalyst 催化劑catalys

25、is 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 還原劑dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的儀器中英文對照Aging Property Tester 老化性能測定儀Amino Acid Analyzer 氨基酸組成分析儀Analyzer for Clinic Medicine Concentration 臨床藥物濃度儀Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy 原子吸收光譜儀Atomic Emission Spectrometer 原子發(fā)射光譜儀Atomic Fluorescence Spectrosc

26、opy 原子熒光光譜儀Automatic Titrator 自動滴定儀Basic Physics 基本物理量測定Biochemical Analyzer 生化分析儀Biochemicalanalysis 生物技術(shù)分析Bio-reactor 生物反應(yīng)器Blood-gas Analyzer 血氣分析儀Centrifuge 離心機ChemiluminescenceApparatus 化學(xué)發(fā)光儀CHN Analysis 環(huán)境成分分析儀CO2 Incubators CO2培養(yǎng)箱Combustion PropertyTester 燃燒性能測定儀Conductivity Meter 電導(dǎo)儀Constant

27、Temperature Circulator 恒溫循環(huán)泵Direct Current Plasma Emission Spectrometer 直流等離子體發(fā)射光譜儀DNA Sequencers DNA測序儀DNA synthesizer DNA合成儀Electrical Property Tester 電性能測定儀Electro Microscopy 電子顯微鏡Electrolytic Analyzer 電解質(zhì)分析儀Electron Energy Disperse Spectroscopy 電子能譜儀Electron Paramagnetic ResonanceSpectrometer 電子

28、順磁共振波譜儀Electrophoresis 電泳Electrophoresis System 電泳儀ELIASA 酶標(biāo)儀Energy Disperse Spectroscopy 能譜儀Fermenter 發(fā)酵罐Flow Analytical and Process AnalyticalChemistry 流動分析與過程分析Fraction Collector 部分收集器FreezeDrying Equipment 凍干機FT-IR Spectrometer 傅里葉變換紅外光譜儀FT-Raman Spectrometer 傅里葉變換拉曼光譜儀Gas Analysis 氣體分析Gas Chrom

29、atograph 氣相色譜儀GC-MS 氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用儀Gel PermeationChromatograph 凝膠滲透色譜儀HighPressure/Performance Liquid Chromatography 高壓/效液相色譜儀Hybridization Oven 分子雜交儀ICP-MS ICP-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用儀Inductive Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer 電感偶合等離子體發(fā)射光譜儀Instrument for Nondestructive Testing 無損檢測儀Instrument for Polymerase Chain Reac

30、tion PCR儀Inverted Microscope 倒置顯微鏡Ion Chromatograph 離子色譜儀Isotope X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer 同位素X熒光光譜儀LC-MS 液相色譜-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用儀Mass Spectrometer 質(zhì)譜儀Mechanical Property Tester 機械性能測定儀Metal/material elemental analysis 金屬/材料元素分析儀Metallurgical Microscopy 金相顯微鏡Microwave Inductive Plasma Emission Spectrometer

31、微波等離子體光譜儀Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer 核磁共振波譜儀Optical Microscopy 光學(xué)顯微鏡Optical PropertyTester 光學(xué)性能測定儀Other/Miscellaneous 其他Particle Size Analyzer 粒度分析儀PCR Amplifier PCR儀Peptide synthesizer 多肽合成儀pH Meter pH計PhysicalProperty Analysis 物性分析Polarograph 極譜儀Protein Sequencer 氨基酸測序儀Rheometer 流變儀Sam

32、ple Handling 樣品處理Scanning Probe MicroscopyFG|8oU 掃描探針顯微鏡Sensors 傳感器Sequencers and Synthesizers for DNA and Protein DNA及蛋白質(zhì)的測序和合成儀Shaker 搖床Size Exclusion Chromatograph 體積排阻色譜Surface Science 表面科學(xué)SurfaceAnalyzer 表面分析儀Thermal Analyzer 熱分析儀Thermal Physical Property Tester 熱物理性能測定儀Ultrahigh Purity Filter

33、超濾器Ultra-low Temperature Freezer 超低溫冰箱Ultrasonic Cell Disruptor 超聲破碎儀Ultraviolet Detector 紫外檢測儀UltravioletLamp 紫外觀察燈Urine Analyzer 尿液分析儀UV-Visible Spectrophotometer 紫外-可見光分光光度計Viscometer 粘度計Voltammerter 伏安儀Water Test Kits 水質(zhì)分析儀X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer X射線熒光光譜儀X-RayDiffractomer X射線衍射儀分子生物學(xué)實驗室常

34、用儀器物品英文詞匯口罩 respirator試驗管 tube耐酸橡膠手套 rubber gloves試管架 test tube rack藥匙 lab spoon洗瓶 plastic wash bottle鉗子 pliers玻璃攪棒 glass stirring stick扳子 spanne研缽 mortars螺絲刀 screw driver研棒 pestles多用電源插座 multi-purpose socket冰盒 ice box復(fù)印紙 copy paper液氮罐 Dewar flask筆記本 note book記號筆 marker pen培養(yǎng)皿 culture dish夾子 clip皮氏培養(yǎng)皿 petri dish擦鏡紙 wiper for lens培養(yǎng)三角瓶 culture flask標(biāo)簽紙 paper label接種環(huán) inoculating loop打火機 lighter接種針 inoculating needle溫度計 thermometer過濾滅菌器 syringe filters定時