短文改錯(cuò)專練

1、六招輕取短文改錯(cuò) 焦作十一中 周威不是我們笨，而是我們沒(méi)有掌握方法！六招概覽一、查時(shí)態(tài)是否一致一、查時(shí)態(tài)是否一致二、查主謂是否一致二、查主謂是否一致三、查指代是否一致三、查指代是否一致四、查平行結(jié)構(gòu)是否平行一致四、查平行結(jié)構(gòu)是否平行一致五、查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與修飾詞語(yǔ)或上下文是否五、查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與修飾詞語(yǔ)或上下文是否一致一致六、查行文邏輯是否一致六、查行文邏輯是否一致一、查時(shí)態(tài)是否一致一、查時(shí)態(tài)是否一致時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤幾乎是每年NMET短文改錯(cuò)中必設(shè)的改錯(cuò)題。要有目的地去檢查文中的每一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與上下文、語(yǔ)境以及該句的時(shí)狀語(yǔ)是否相符和一致。例如： Today, it is much easier

2、to be healthy than it is in the past. (NMET 93) is 應(yīng)改was， 使之與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the past一致。二、查主謂是否一致二、查主謂是否一致在檢查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)是否正確的同時(shí)，在檢查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)是否正確的同時(shí)，還要注意檢查該動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上是否與主語(yǔ)保還要注意檢查該動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上是否與主語(yǔ)保持了一致。例如：持了一致。例如：1.Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. (NMET 94)cost應(yīng)改應(yīng)改為為costs，因，因 其主語(yǔ)是其主語(yǔ)是it(

3、為形式主語(yǔ)為形式主語(yǔ))，且上下文，且上下文均為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。均為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2.The new boy or girl in school quickly become one of the class(NMET93)由由or連接連接的兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)由靠近謂語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)來(lái)決定謂的兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)由靠近謂語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，故語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，故become應(yīng)改為應(yīng)改為becomes。主謂語(yǔ)一致的情況較為復(fù)雜，考生平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)要主謂語(yǔ)一致的情況較為復(fù)雜，考生平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)要留心歸納。有些特殊句式的主謂一致問(wèn)題很容易留心歸納。有些特殊句式的主謂一致問(wèn)題很容易被忽視，如關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)的情況被

4、忽視，如關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)的情況等，答題時(shí)要高度重視。等，答題時(shí)要高度重視。三、查指代是否一致三、查指代是否一致對(duì)于短文中出現(xiàn)的每一個(gè)代詞都要查一下它所指代的內(nèi)容以及在句中的作用，注意其數(shù)、格、詞性是否正確和前后一致，包括人稱代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、關(guān)系代詞以及疑問(wèn)代詞等。指代錯(cuò)誤也是高考改錯(cuò)題中常設(shè)的改錯(cuò)題。例如：1.We climb everywhere, not only in America. They have been to Europe(NMET92)根據(jù)上下文 ，句中的They屬指代不一致，應(yīng)改為We。2.The game speaks for themselves.

5、 ( MET90) 句中的反身代詞themselves應(yīng)改為單數(shù)itself，因?yàn)橹复氖菃螖?shù)主語(yǔ)the game。四、查平行結(jié)構(gòu)是否平行一致四、查平行結(jié)構(gòu)是否平行一致由and，or，but，eitheror，neithernor，not only but also，as well as等并列連詞和詞 組連接的結(jié)構(gòu)可稱為平行結(jié)構(gòu)。平行結(jié)構(gòu)在詞性、時(shí)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式上往往要求前后一致。答題時(shí)要留心平行結(jié)構(gòu)前后是否對(duì)等平行，這也是常設(shè)的錯(cuò)誤。例如：Modern people know，have better food，and to live in cleaner surroundings.(N

6、MET93)應(yīng)將 to live前的to刪掉，因?yàn)閍nd連接的是know，have，live三個(gè)并列平行的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其時(shí)態(tài)和形式必須一致。 五、查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與修飾詞語(yǔ)或上下文是五、查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與修飾詞語(yǔ)或上下文是否一致否一致名詞數(shù)的錯(cuò)誤也是高考常設(shè)的改錯(cuò)題。要查一下名詞是否可數(shù)，與其修飾語(yǔ)是否一致。例如：1.They have been to Europe many time. (NMET92)time(次)顯然與修飾語(yǔ)many不一致，應(yīng)改為times。2.(They) asked me lots of question.(NMET96)question 是可數(shù)名詞，其修飾詞是lots o

7、f，當(dāng)然應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)questions。 六、查行文邏輯是否一致六、查行文邏輯是否一致查這方面的錯(cuò)誤應(yīng)從文章整體內(nèi)容出發(fā)，通篇考慮，以行為單位是難以發(fā)現(xiàn)這種錯(cuò)誤的。邏輯不一致主要是由肯定與否定、關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)以及動(dòng)詞(如come與go，take與bring)的誤用所造成的，應(yīng)多從這方面去查找。 例如：1.Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.(NM ET93)根據(jù)行文邏輯，這里不應(yīng)該由since來(lái)引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，而應(yīng)該是when/whenever或if來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間或 條

8、件狀語(yǔ)從句。2.We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. (NMET91)根據(jù)行文邏輯，表示并列關(guān)系的and 應(yīng)改為表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but。 答題時(shí)請(qǐng)從以下幾點(diǎn)著眼：n1.句中的時(shí)態(tài)、主謂、代詞一致嗎?n2.句中的謂語(yǔ)完整嗎?n3.習(xí)慣用法固定搭配正確嗎?n4.冠詞、形容詞、副詞及關(guān)系詞得當(dāng)嗎?n5.該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)嗎?n6.從句的連接詞對(duì)了嗎?n7.從句中的謂語(yǔ)完整嗎?典型例文Did you enjoy yourself yesterday? I suppose you do. But Idlike to tell you what

9、 a bad day I had yesterday. Nothingjust went wrong. On the morning, my alarm clock didnt ring,since I woke up an hour late. I was in such a hurry that I burnt myhand when I was cooking the breakfast. Then I ran out of the houseto catch the 8:30 buses. This is the bus I usually take. But, youmay laug

10、h, I missed it of course. I am very unhappy, and scaredas well because teacher hates the students coming late to school.So I ran three miles to school only to discover that nobody was there. The school was quiet but peaceful. Our classroom waslocked. I realized that moment: It was Sunday. 76dodid 77

11、NothingEverything 78InOn 79sinceso 80去掉第一個(gè)the 81busesbus 82amwas 83在teacher 前加my/the 8485butandOne afternoon , when I was on my way home , the sky changed suddenly . Dark clouds were gathered . I began to feel worried because I didnt have both a raincoat or umbrella about me . It soon started to rain . Just as I was hurrying home , I heard of someone calling me from behind . I turned to have a look and find that he was Liu Wei , a good neighbour of mine . He offered to share his umbrella with me . We walked all the ways home . Without Liu Weis help , I would have got we