初中語法訓(xùn)練之名詞2

1、中學(xué)語法之名詞把握要點：名詞的分類（專出名詞和一般名詞）名詞的數(shù)1）區(qū)分可數(shù)名詞和不行數(shù)名詞，區(qū)分方法 2）可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化，分為規(guī)章變化及不規(guī)章變化名詞全部格含義、構(gòu)成兩種形式： s全部格及of 全部格學(xué)問點：一、名詞的分類1.專出名詞：名字人名、地名、書名、機構(gòu)名、與國家有關(guān)的國家、國民、語言、日期（節(jié)日、星期、月份）例句： my name is lucy . i am a chinese . i will go tothe great wallon monday .2.一般名詞 : 包括可數(shù)名詞和不行數(shù)名詞個體名詞表示個體的人或事物例: sister、table 、bike 、wind

2、ow可數(shù)名詞不行數(shù)名詞集體名詞表示一群人或一些事物例: family 、police 、class、 group物質(zhì)名詞表示構(gòu)成物體的物質(zhì)或材料例: water、air、wood抽象名詞表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、行為、感情等例: danger、interest區(qū)分方法：將物體分成兩半，假如每半不能叫原名，就為可數(shù)名詞，假如仍可叫原名，就為不行數(shù)名詞；注：有些單詞意義發(fā)生變化，單復(fù)數(shù)也發(fā)生變化，例：glass 作玻璃杯時可數(shù)，作玻璃時不行數(shù)；身兼二職的名詞對比表glassfishchickentime可數(shù)玻璃杯魚類小雞次、倍不行數(shù)玻璃魚肉雞肉時間orangelightpaperhair可數(shù)橘子電燈報紙 /

3、試卷（幾根）頭發(fā)不行數(shù)橘汁光紙頭發(fā)可數(shù)exercise練習(xí)題idea想法 /看法life生命work著作不行數(shù)錘煉明白生活工作turkeyradioyouthexperience可數(shù)火雞收音機青年人經(jīng)受不行數(shù)火雞肉無線電年輕、青春體會interestroom可數(shù)愛好房間不行數(shù)愛好空間二、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式1規(guī)章變化：名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成，通常是在單數(shù)形式后面加-s 或-es11、 一般情形在詞尾直接加s , 例 bags； 2、 以 s、 x、sh、 ch 結(jié)尾的詞加 -es，例 bus-buses box-boxes；3、 以“輔音字母 +y ”結(jié)尾的詞， y 變成 i 加 -es 例 city-c

4、ities ；以 “元音字母 +y ”結(jié)尾的詞，直接加s； 4、以 o 結(jié)尾的除potato馬鈴薯 、tomato西紅柿 、hero英雄 加 es，其余直接加s；5、以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f 或 fe 為 v 加 es, roof 、proof 直接加 -s，例 life-lives wife-wives roofroofs；2 不規(guī)章變化1 、 單 詞 拼 寫 發(fā) 生 變 化man-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemenfoot-feettooth-teethmouse-mice child-children2、某國人變復(fù)數(shù)，口訣：中日不變英法變，其余

5、s 加后面例： an englishman-englishmenan american-americans3、單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同常用分以下幾類：表示動物的名詞deer鹿， fish魚， sheep綿羊， bison野牛， crab螃蟹表示人的名詞chinese中國人， japanese 日本人， swiss 瑞士人， kin親屬craft 及由 -craft 構(gòu)成的名詞craft飛機， aircraft飛機，spacecraft太空船表示數(shù)量的名詞hundred百，thousand 千，million百萬， dozen 一打，score二十其他series系列； species 種類； means

6、 方法3 不行數(shù)名詞一般只用單數(shù)，它不能與a/an 及數(shù)次搭配使用；表示數(shù)量時用量詞搭配；例： a cup of coffee 一杯咖啡 two glasses of milk 兩杯牛奶 three pieces of paper三張紙 four bottles of water 四杯水 三、名詞全部格含義： 名詞全部格表示名詞之間的全部關(guān)系；表示形式： 一種是 s全部格，一種是of 全部格beijing is china s cabpietaijiln.=g is the captital of china. this is tom s b=iktehis is the bike of to

7、m.lily is the key s owner.= lily is the oowf tnheer key.1、s全部格構(gòu)成單數(shù)名詞及不以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞， 只需在詞尾加，s如 lucy s pen 路西的鋼筆children s day（兒童節(jié)）；以 s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只加, 如 the students b學(xué)oo生ks們的書；2、幾個人共有的東西，只需在最終一個人的名詞后加,s如 lucy and lily s bedr露oo西m和莉莉的臥房；表示各自全部，就每個名詞都加,s如 lucys and lilys de露sk西s的桌子和莉莉的桌子；典型例題講解1. they got m

8、uch from those new books.a. ideasb. photosc. newsd. stories解析 : much 是用來修飾不行數(shù)名詞的, a b d三個選項均是可是名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式, c 項為不行數(shù)名詞, 因此選 c.2. i have two and three bottles of here.2a. orange, orangeb. oranges, orangesc. oranges, oranged. orange, oranges解析 : orange 有兩種含義 , 一種可數(shù)名詞橘子, 另一種是不行數(shù)名詞橘汁, 此題第一空應(yīng)填可數(shù)名詞, 其次空填不行數(shù)名詞,

9、 因此選c；3. every evening m r. king takes a tohis home .a. 25 minutes walkb. 25 minute s walkc. 25 minute walkd. 25 minutes walk解析 : 句中的minute 應(yīng)當(dāng)用其復(fù)數(shù)的全部格形式,只 + ,而不能 +s,因此選 a ；4. an old wants to see you.a. peopleb. personc. the peopled. the person解析 : person 與 people 都有”人”的意思 , 但用法不同 . “一個人”用“ a person”

10、 , “兩個人”用 “two persons”; people 泛指 “人們” 是集合名詞 ,表示復(fù)數(shù) , the people 指 “人民” , a people指 “一個民族”. 應(yīng)選 b；5. help yourself to .a. chickens and applesb. chickens and applec. chicken and apple解析 : chicken可用作可數(shù)名詞指小雞d. chicken and apples,用作不行數(shù)名詞指雞肉,依據(jù)詞題意應(yīng)懂得為雞肉;apple 為可數(shù)名詞 ,故應(yīng) +s, 因此選 d；6. oh, dear. i forgot the

11、two .a. room s numberb. rooms numberc. room numbersd. rooms numbers解析 : room number房間號碼 . room 可直接用作定語修飾后面的名詞. 類似的仍有my phsics teacher, two bus drivers等.應(yīng)選 c；7. she has been in tianjin for ten years. tianjin has become her second .a. familyb. housec. homed. room解析 : family 指的是家庭或是家庭成員; house 指的是房子 住宅

12、 ; room 指的是房間 ;而 home 指的是家 , 因此選 c.8. mothers couldn t go to the mbeeectainugs,e they have gone to shanghai .a. mary and peter sb. mary and peterc. mary s and peterd. mary s and peters解析 : 此句中“ mothers”是復(fù)數(shù) ,表示兩個人各自的母親,因此應(yīng)選d ；9. li lei has been to many times this month.a. her uncl eb. her uncle sc. h

13、er unclesd. aunt s解析 : 此句意為“李雷這個去她舅舅家多次”. 表示詳細場所時, 可省去全部格后面的名詞.因此選 b；10. he is a success as a leader but he hasn t in teaching.a. many experiencesb. much experiencec. an experienced. a lot experience解析 : experience作 “體會”講時是不行數(shù)名詞, 作 “經(jīng)受” 講時是可數(shù)名詞. 本句中應(yīng)懂得為“體會” ,因此是不行數(shù)名詞,排除a c.又因a lot of , lots of, plen

14、ty of只用于確定句, 不用于否定句 , 因此選 b ；11. a classmate of was here ten minutes ago.a. youb. yourc. your sisterd. your sisters 解析 : 此題考查名詞的雙重全部格.應(yīng)選 d；312. a group of are talking with two .a. frenchmen, germansb. germans ,frenchmansc. frenchmans , germend. germen , frenchmen解析 :frenchman 是復(fù)合詞 ,其復(fù)數(shù)形式為frenchmen;

15、german的復(fù)數(shù)為直接在單詞末尾+s, 應(yīng)選 a.13. the team having a meeting .a. isb. arec. amd. be解析 : team 是一個集合名詞,即可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義指整個小組 , 也可指小組中的成員表示復(fù)數(shù) , 此題意為后者 , 因此選 b；14. “ would you like .“” , please.”a. drink, three coffeesb. a cup of drink, coffeesc. a drink, a coffeed. a drink, three cups of coffees解析 : drink和 coffee 是

16、不行數(shù)名詞, 可以用of 來表示數(shù)量 , eg, three cups of coffee,當(dāng)前面加a 時,就表示“一杯”因此選c；15. the great wall was made not only by , but also the flesh and blood of men. a.earth and stone, millions ofb. earths and stones, millionsc. the earth and stone, million ofd. the earths and stones, millions解析： earth 是不行數(shù)名詞，因此刪除b d, 數(shù)

17、以百萬的應(yīng)為millions of .因此選 a ；1. this is reading-room.名詞練習(xí)題a. the teacherbs. teachercs. teacherds. the teachers2. nothing was found but broken.a. the room windowb. the room s window c. the room of the windowd. the window of room3. how many would you like.a. paperb. breadc. pieces of papersd. pieces of b

18、read4. he was praised for his .a. braveb. braveryc. bravelyd. great brave5. please get me a new when you go to town.a. clothesb. dressc. clothing d. trousers6. there are 34 doctors in the hospital.a. womanb. women c. woman s d. womens7. some are even thinner than your little finger.a. bamboob. bambo

19、os c. kinds of bambood. kinds of bamboos8. he was born in this town and now he lives in .a. building secondb. building two c. the building twod. building the second9. old as he is, he has to do every day.a. a lot of workb. much worksc. lots of homeworksd. quite a lot of homeworks10. jack s room is f

20、urnished with .a. new furnituresb. many new furnituresc. many new pieces of furnituresd. many new pieces of furniture11. have you read newspaper yet.4a. today sb. todaysc. the today sd. your todays12. it s noatr,f only walk from here to our school.a. a ten minutesb. ten minutesc. a ten minutes d. te

21、n minutes13. last month, he wrote me letter.a. a 1000-wordb. 1000 wordsc. a 1000-wordsd. 1000 words14. he had a sleep yesterday.a. a good nightb. a good-nightc. a good night sd. good -nights15. is not a long way to drive.a. three miles distanceb. three-mile distancec. three miles distanced. a three

22、-mile-distance16. his isn t fit for the work. please get me .a. something elseb. somebody elsec. someone else sd. somebody s else17. do you know how large is.a. population of chinab. chinese populationc. china populationd. china s population18. is too much for the boy to carry.a. the box weightb. th

23、e box s weightc. the weight of the boxd. the box of the weight19. excuse me, how can i get to the nearest shop.a. shoesb. shoec. shoes d. shoes20. what weather we re having these days.a. niceb. a nicec. a badd. worse21. they say that the meeting will be .a. of very importantb. great importancec. of

24、great importanced. great important22. i m going to call at this evening.a. mr blackb. the blacksc. mr black sd. blacks23. what darwin said was an attack on people s religious .a. beliefb. beliefsc. beliefsd. believs24. there are some waiting for you outside.a. germanb. americanc. grown-upd. japanese

25、25. their factory has developed a kind of to help people walk.5a. machineb. machinesc. a machined. the machine26. there re many in my brother s album.a. leafsb. toysc. booksd. stamps27. yesterday i went to the super market and bought a lot of .a. tomatoesb. potatosc. vegetabled. meats28. upon hearin

26、g what i said, his rose.a. angerb. angryc. angrilyd. angriness29. excuse me, can you change this for me.a. five-pound noteb. five pounds notec. five-pound notesd. five pounds notes30. you have to make for your journeya. preparingb. preparationc. a preparationd. preparations31. while washing up, she broke a .a. glass wineb. wine glassc. glass of wined. wine of glass32. you have worked out the plan and now we must put it into .a. fallb.