商業(yè)管理英文

1、人力資源管理術(shù)語人力資源管理:     Human Resource Management ,HRM人力資源經(jīng)理:      human resource manager高級管理人員:     executive職業(yè):                profession道德標(biāo)準:    &

2、#160;      ethics操作工:               (operative employees)專家:               (specialist)人力資源認證協(xié)會:the Human Resource Certification I

3、nstitute,HRCI)外部環(huán)境:(external environment)內(nèi)部環(huán)境:(internal environment)政策:(policy)企業(yè)文化:(corporate culture)目標(biāo):(mission)股東:(shareholders)非正式組織:(informal organization)跨國公司:(multinational corporation,MNC)管理多樣性:(managing diversity).工作:(job)職位:(position工作分析:(job analysis)工作說明:(job description)工作規(guī)范:(job speci

4、fication)工作分析計劃表:(job analysis schedule,JAS)職位分析問卷調(diào)查法:(Management Position Description Questionnaire,MPDQ)行政秘書:(executive secretary)地區(qū)服務(wù)經(jīng)理助理:(assistant district service manager).人力資源計劃:(Human Resource Planning,HRP)戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃:(strategic planning)長期趨勢:(long term trend)要求預(yù)測:(requirement forecast)供給預(yù)測:(availa

5、bility forecast)管理儲備:(management inventory)裁減:(downsizing)人力資源信息系統(tǒng):(Human Resource Information System,HRIS).招聘:(recruitment)員工申請表:(employee requisition)招聘方法:(recruitment methods)內(nèi)部提升:(Promotion From Within ,PFW)工作公告:(job posting)廣告:(advertising)職業(yè)介紹所:(employment agency)特殊事件:(special events)實習(xí):(inter

6、nship).選擇:(selection)選擇率:(selection rate)簡歷:(resume)標(biāo)準化:(standardization)有效性:(validity)客觀性:(objectivity)規(guī)范:(norm)分數(shù)線:(cutoff score)準確度:(aiming)工作知識測試:(job knowledge tests)求職面試:(employment interview)非結(jié)構(gòu)化面試:(unstructured interview)結(jié)構(gòu)化面試:(structured interview)小組面試:(group interview)職業(yè)興趣測試:(vocational in

7、terest tests)會議型面試:(board interview).組織變化與人力資源開發(fā)人力資源開發(fā):(Human Resource Development,HRD)訓(xùn)練:(training)發(fā)展:(development)定位:(orientation)訓(xùn)練:(coaching)輔導(dǎo):(mentoring)經(jīng)營管理策略:(business games)案例研究:(case study)會議方法:(conference method)角色扮演:(role playing)工作輪調(diào):(job rotating)在職培訓(xùn):(on-the-job training ,OJT)媒介:(medi

8、a) 企業(yè)文化與組織發(fā)展企業(yè)文化:(corporate culture)組織發(fā)展:(organization development,OD)調(diào)查回饋:(survey feedback)品管圈:(quality circles)目標(biāo)管理:(management by objective,MBO)全面質(zhì)量管理:(Total Quality Management,TQM)團隊建設(shè):(team building).職業(yè)計劃與發(fā)展職業(yè):(career)職業(yè)計劃:(career planning)職業(yè)道路:(career path)職業(yè)發(fā)展:(career development)自我評價:(s

9、elf-assessment)職業(yè)動機:(career anchors).績效評價績效評價:(Performance Appraisal,PA)小組評價:(group appraisal)業(yè)績評定表:(rating scales method)關(guān)鍵事件法:(critical incident method)排列法:(ranking method)平行比較法:(paired comparison)硬性分布法:(forced distribution method)暈圈錯誤:(halo error)寬松:(leniency)嚴格:(strictness) 回饋:(-degree feed

10、back)敘述法:(essay method)集中趨勢:(central tendency).報酬與福利報酬:(compensation)直接經(jīng)濟報酬:(direct financial compensation)間接經(jīng)濟報酬:(indirect financial compensation)非經(jīng)濟報酬:(no financial compensation)公平:(equity)外部公平:(external equity)內(nèi)部公平:(internal equity)員工公平:(employee equity)小組公平:(team equity)工資水平領(lǐng)先者:(pay leaders)現(xiàn)行工資

11、率:(going rate)工資水平居后者:(pay followers)勞動力市場:(labor market)工作評價:(job evaluation)排列法:(ranking method)分類法:(classification method)因素比較法:(factor comparison method)評分法:(point method)海氏指示圖表個人能力分析法:(Hay Guide Chart-profile Method)工作定價:(job pricing)工資等級:(pay grade)工資曲線:(wage curve)工資幅度:(pay range).福利和其他報酬問題福利

12、(間接經(jīng)濟補償)員工股權(quán)計劃:(employee stock ownership plan,ESOP)值班津貼:(shift differential)獎金:(incentive compensation)分紅制:(profit sharing).安全與健康的工作環(huán)境安全:(safety)健康:(health)頻率:(frequency rate)緊張:(stress)角色沖突:(role conflict)催眠法:(hypnosis)酗酒:(alcoholism).員工和勞動關(guān)系工會:(union)地方工會:(local union)行業(yè)工會:(craft union)產(chǎn)業(yè)工會:(indus

13、trial union)全國工會:(national union)談判組:(bargaining union)勞資談判:(collective bargaining)仲裁:(arbitration)  罷工:(strike)內(nèi)部員工關(guān)系:(internal employee relations)紀律:(discipline)紀律處分:(disciplinary action)申訴:(grievance)降職:(demotion)調(diào)動:(transfer)晉升:(promotion)ABC Classification ABC分類法   Activity-

14、Based Costing 業(yè)務(wù)量成本法/作業(yè)成本法   ACRS (Accelerated cost recovery system) 快速成本回收制度   Action Message 行為/措施信息   AIS (Accounting information system) 會計信息系統(tǒng)   Allocation 已分配量   Anticipated Delay Report 預(yù)期

15、延遲報告   A/P (Accounts Payable) 應(yīng)付帳款   APICS (American Production & Inventory Control Society) 美國生產(chǎn)及庫存控制協(xié)會   AQL (Acceptable quality Level) 可接受質(zhì)量水平   A/R (Accounts Receivable) 應(yīng)收帳款   Automatic Rescheduli

16、ng 自動重排程 Available To Promise (APT) 可簽約量   Back flush 倒沖法   Backlog 未完成訂單/未結(jié)訂單   Back Scheduling 倒序生產(chǎn)排程   BE analysis (Break-even analysis) 損益平衡點分析 Bill of Material (BOM) 物料清單   Bu

17、siness Plan 企畫書 B/V (Book value) 賬面價值   Capacity Requirements Planning (CRP) 能力需求計劃   CBA (Cost-benefit analysis) 成本效益分析   CEO 執(zhí)行 CFO (Chief Financial Officer) 財務(wù)長 Closed Loop MRP 封閉式物料需求規(guī)劃  

18、0;CPM (Critical path method) 關(guān)鍵路徑法  CPP accounting (Constant purchasing power accounting) 不變購買力會計   Cumulative Lead Time 累積前置時間 Cycle Counting 盤點周期   Demand 需求   Demand Management 需求管理   Demonstr

19、ated Capacity 實際能力   Dependent Demand 非獨立需求   DFL (Degree of financial leverage) 財務(wù)杠桿系數(shù)   Direct-deduct Inventory Transaction Processing 直接增減庫存法   Dispatch List 派工單   DOL (Degree of operating leverage

20、) 經(jīng)營杠桿系數(shù)   ELS (Economic lot size) 經(jīng)濟批量   EOQ (Economic order quantity) 經(jīng)濟訂貨批量   FIFO (Fist-in,Fist-out) 先進先出法   Firm Planned Order 確認計劃訂單   FISH/LIFO (Fist-in,Still-here) 后進先出法   

21、Fixed Order Quantity 固定訂貨批量法   Flow Shop 流水車間   Focus Forecasting 集中預(yù)測   Full Pegging 完全跟蹤   Generally Accepted Manufacturing Practices 公認生產(chǎn)管理原則   Independent Demand 獨立需求   Input/O

22、utput Control 投入/產(chǎn)出控制   Interplant Demand 廠際需求   Inventory Turnover 庫存周轉(zhuǎn)次數(shù)   Item 物料項目   Item Record 項目記錄   Job Shop  工作 / 生產(chǎn)   Just-in-time (JIT) 及時生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)   Lead

23、 Time   前置期，指訂單從收到具體明細到貨到貨倉收到落貨紙這一段時間，可以用評估工廠的綜合實力。 Level 層   Load 負荷   Lot for Lot 按需求訂貨法   LP (Linear programming) 線性規(guī)劃   Machine Loading 機器負載   Make-to-order Product (MTO) 

24、訂單生產(chǎn) Make-to-stock Product (MTS) 計劃性生產(chǎn)   Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP) 物料生產(chǎn)規(guī)畫 Master Production Schedule (MPS) 主生產(chǎn)計劃   Material Requirements Planning (MRP) 物料需求計劃   MBO (Management by objective) 目標(biāo)管理  &

25、#160;Net Change MRP 凈變物料需求計劃   Net Requirements 凈需求    On-hand Balance 現(xiàn)在庫存量   Open Order 未結(jié)訂單/開放訂單   Order Entry 訂單輸入   Order Promising 訂貨承諾   Pegging 溯源  

26、0;Picking 領(lǐng)料/提貨   Picking List 領(lǐng)料單   Planned Order 計劃訂單   Post-deduct Inventory Transaction Processing (Backflush) 后減庫存處理法/倒沖法   Pre-deduct Inventory Transaction Processing 前減庫存處理法   Production Planni

27、ng 生產(chǎn)規(guī)劃 Projected Available Balance 預(yù)計可用庫存   queue 隊列   queue Time 等待時間   Regeneration MRP 再生法   Rescheduling Assumption 重排假設(shè)   Resource Requirement Planning 資源需求計劃   Rou

28、gh-cut Capacity Planning 粗略產(chǎn)能規(guī)劃   Routing 路線   Safety Stock 安全庫存   Safety Time 保險期   Scheduled Receipt 預(yù)計入庫量   Scrap Factor /廢品系數(shù)   Service Parts 維修零件   Shop Floor C

29、ontrol 現(xiàn)場生產(chǎn)管制 Shrinkage Factor 損耗系數(shù)   Time Bucket時段 Time Fence 時界   VE (value engineering) 價值工程   Vendor Scheduling 采購計劃法   Work Center 工作中心   Work in Process (WIP) 在制品  

30、 ZBB (Zero based Budgeting) 零基預(yù)算   Zero Inventories 零庫存 Key Words for TOEICBusiness篇 Aaccounting year 會計年度accounts 賬戶 戶頭acid tested ratio 測試值acquisition 獲得added value 附加價值advertising agencies 廣告商Advertising Standards Authority廣告標(biāo)準局Advisory, Conciliation and Ar

31、bitration咨商     和解 安撫     仲裁 調(diào)停aging population 老化人口agents 代理商agreed takeover  同意接收aims 目標(biāo)air transportation  空中運輸allocation 分配 配額amalgamated 合并analysts分析師annual 每年applications 申請area  地區(qū) 領(lǐng)域Articles of Association  條款assembly line 生產(chǎn)線assets 資產(chǎn)assurance compani

32、es 保險公司auction 拍賣authorities (leadership) 當(dāng)局 權(quán)威automation 自動化average revenue 平均營收 (稅捐處) Bbalance of payments  國際收支balance 收支 差額 余額balance in hand  余額strike a balance 結(jié)算hold a balance 決定權(quán)balance of trade  貿(mào)易差額bank charges 銀行收費bank deposits 銀行存款bank loan  銀行貸款bank overdraft 銀行

33、透支bankruptcy 破產(chǎn)barriers to trade 貿(mào)易障礙bid 投標(biāo) 出價blue collar workers 藍領(lǐng)工人board of trade 同業(yè)工會body language 身體語言bonds 基金bonus 紅利boom 繁榮boycott (v.)  抵制brand 廠牌 商標(biāo)break-even point 損益平衡點budget 預(yù)算bureaucratic 官僚作風(fēng)的business ethics 商業(yè)倫理buyer market 買方市場buying on impulse 沖動購買 Ccable and wireless 電纜 無

34、線的capital (working capital) 資金capital account 固定資產(chǎn)賬戶capital assets資本資產(chǎn)capital budget 資本預(yù)算capital goods 資本財capital investment 資本投資cash flow 資金流量cash down 以現(xiàn)金付款 cash box 金庫cash dividends 現(xiàn)金股利cashier  出納員central government  中央政府centralization 中央集權(quán)Certificate of Incorporation 公司執(zhí)照chains o

35、f retailers 連鎖零售商Chancellor of Exchange 財政部長channel of communication 溝通管道channel of distribution 配銷管道charities 慈善collateral security  附屬擔(dān)保品collective bargaining 勞資雙方所作之協(xié)商comet 彗星color wash 水洗concur  意見一致condemn  責(zé)'難conduce 促成 (conducive to 有助于)command economy 控制經(jīng)濟commission傭金 手續(xù)費c

36、ommon market 共同市場competitive market 具競爭性的市場computer aided design 計算機輔助設(shè)計conciliation 和解 撫慰conditions  條件conference 會議congestion 擁塞conglomerate merger 集團企業(yè)合并consumer co-operative消費者合作社consumer goods 消費財container 貨柜contested takeover 競賽似接收contract 契約contribution 貢獻costs 成本direct cost 直接成本indirect

37、 cost 間接成本overhead cost間接成本variable costs 變動成本counterman 止付 取消countersign 簽署credit  信用letter of credit 信用狀currencies 貨幣current account deficit 活期存款不足current assets 流動資產(chǎn)current liabilities流動負債curriculum vitae 課程表Customs 海關(guān) 關(guān)稅 (custom house)customs broker  報關(guān)行customs duty 海關(guān)關(guān)稅customs entry 報

38、關(guān)customs tariff 海關(guān)稅率Ddatabase 數(shù)據(jù)庫debtors 負債者debts 債務(wù)decentralization 地方分權(quán)declining market 衰退市場deductions 扣除Deed of Partnership 合伙契據(jù) 合約a written deed 文件的契據(jù)delay 耽誤Delegation  代表 授權(quán) 托付demand  要求demography 人口學(xué)demotivation 降低動機department 部門design 設(shè)計devolve 移交 (職權(quán))discounting  打折disabled w

39、orkers 殘障工人discrimination 歧視dismissal 解散 免職 解雇distribution 分配、傳遞distributors 供貨商diversification 多樣化dividends 股利division of labor 勞工部門divorce of ownership 拆伙draft 匯票dumping 傾銷 Eeconomic growth 經(jīng)濟成長economy 經(jīng)濟efficiency 效率electronic mail  電子郵件employee 雇員employers 雇主employment 就業(yè)empowerment 授權(quán)

40、enterprise zones 企業(yè)區(qū)entrepreneur 企業(yè)environment 環(huán)境equal opportunities 機會均等ethics 倫理European Union 歐洲聯(lián)盟Eurobond 歐元European Monetary Union 歐洲貨幣聯(lián)盟exchange rates 交換匯率experiments 實驗exports 出口extension strategies 擴張策略external communication 外在溝通 Ffactors 因素fax 傳真feedback 回饋field research 實地調(diào)查finance 財務(wù)

41、financial investment 財務(wù)投資financing 融資fiscal policy 財政政策fixed assets 固定資產(chǎn)floating share 浮動股金flow production 流動生產(chǎn)forecasting 預(yù)測foreign currency 外國貨幣formal channel 正式管道franchise 經(jīng)銷權(quán)franchisee 特許經(jīng)營人free market economy 利伯維爾場經(jīng)濟fringe benefits 福利full-costing pricing完全成本定價法function 功能functional 有功能的 Gg

42、ap in the market 市場差異gearing ratio 杠桿比率gender 性別goods 貨物goodwill 善意government regulations 政府條例government spending 政府支出grant maintained school中央政府直接支助的學(xué)校grants 同意gross earnings 總收益gross pay / profit 薪資費用 / 收益gross profit margin銷貨毛利率 HHealth and Safety Inspectorate 健康安全檢查署hierarchy 等級制度horizontal

43、 communication 平行溝通household 家庭human relations 人際關(guān)系human resources人力資源 Iimpulse buyers 沖動型買主incentives 誘因income tax 所得稅increment 增加independent 依賴性induction 誘導(dǎo)industrial action 罷工、怠工inflation  膨脹informal  非正式information technology 信息科技infrastructure 基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)insolvent 無力償還者instruction manua

44、ls 教學(xué)手冊intangible 摸不到的integration 整合interdependence 相互依賴interest  利息、 利益internal organization  內(nèi)部組織insurance fit 保險工具interview 訪視、訪問、面試investment 投資invoices 發(fā)票job application form 工作申請表job description 工作內(nèi)容enlargement 擴大enrichment 豐富production 生產(chǎn)satisfaction 工作滿意度joint consultative committe

45、e聯(lián)合咨詢委員會joint venture 合資just-in-time production 及時生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng) Llabor  勞工laissez-faire leader 放任式領(lǐng)導(dǎo)launch  開始layout by process程序布置lean production 精實生產(chǎn)lease 租賃liabilities 負債life cycle 生命周期limited companies 有限公司limited liability 有限負債line manager生產(chǎn)線經(jīng)理liquid assets  流動資產(chǎn)liquidation 清償(債務(wù))loa

46、ns 貸款local authorities 地方政府location 地點long term 長期loss  損失 Mmail order 郵購Mangers 經(jīng)理managing directors 主任manuals 手冊manufacturing industry制造業(yè)margin of safety 安全邊際mark-up 彌補market force 市場力量maturity 成熟orientated 取向price 價位segments 區(qū)段、一部分mass market 大眾市場mass production  大量生產(chǎn)maturity stage

47、  成熟階段media advertisement 媒體廣告memo 備忘錄Memorandum of Association 公司章程merchant bank 商業(yè)銀行merchantable quality 產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量mergers 合并methods 方法minute (v)渺小modem 現(xiàn)代的monetary 貨幣的monopoly 獨占的mortgages 抵押motivation 動機multiple 多重的multinationals  跨多國公司 Nnon-sales revenues 非銷售收入non-verbal  非語言notic

48、e通知 Oobjectives 目標(biāo)observation 觀察occupation  職業(yè)occupational pension 勞工退休金on the job training 在職訓(xùn)練off the job training職外訓(xùn)練open letter 公開信market 公開市場ordinary shares 普通股organization組織Oriental  東方outgoing 外向overhead 間接overdraft (limit) 透支 overstocking 庫存overtime 逾時 Ppackaging 包裹p

49、arent company  母公司partnership 合伙關(guān)系payment 付款penetration pricing 滲透定價peninsular 半島pension funds 退休基金pensions 退休金planned purchases 計劃性購買planning permission規(guī)劃許可point-of-sale material 銷售點物料pollution 污染population 人口postal survey郵遞式調(diào)查preference shares優(yōu)先股premium price收益增加pressure groups壓力團體price 價格pri

50、cing 定價primary data原始資料(private 私人private limited co.私人有限公司product differentiation  產(chǎn)品差異性product range 產(chǎn)品范圍profit and loss account 損益表promotion 促銷prototype 原型public corporation公營企業(yè)public relation 公共關(guān)系public sector 公營purchase 購買pyramid  金字塔 Qquality control 品管questionnaires問卷quota 配額 (random sample) 隨機取樣 Rrail transport 鐵路運輸rate 率ratio 比率raw mate