常見(jiàn)化學(xué)官能團(tuán)（精編版）

1、含氧官能rocooralkyl carbonatercoocarboxy-oateqircoohcarboxy-oic acidoror'alkoxy-alkyl alkyl etherrcoor'alkyl alkan oate宀roohhydroperoxy-alkyl hydroperoxidehog qohroorperoxy-alkyl peroxidex'q 乂含氮官能團(tuán)分類官能團(tuán)名稱化學(xué)式結(jié)構(gòu)式英文前綴英文后綴例子rconrcarboxamido-amide0anh2rnhamino-amineh4譯rnhamino-amineae 1 ch3rnamin

2、o-amine“j1+rnammon，。-rc(=nh)r'imino-iminerc(=nrr,imino-iminerc(=nh)himino-iminerc(=nr')himino-iminerc(=o)nc(=o)r'imido-imidernazido-alkyl azidernr'azo-diazenerocncyanato-alkyl cyanaterncisocyano-alkyl isocyaniderncoisocyanato-alkyl isocyanateh3ctnxdrncsisothiocyanato-alkyl isothiocya

3、nate冬srononitrooxy-, nitroxy-alkyl nitrate0rcncyano-alkane nitrilealkyl cyaniderononitrosooxy-alkyl nitriteirnonitro-ho/crr/vhornonitroso-含磷、硫官能團(tuán)與同族的氮和氧相比，和中的雜原子傾向于成更多的鍵。分 類官能團(tuán)名稱化學(xué)式結(jié)構(gòu) 式英文前綴英文后綴例子rpphosphino-phosphane甲基丙基麟phosphoric aciddi( substituent )hopo(obr)di( substituent ) esterhydrogenphospha

4、te業(yè)磷酸 酯rp(=o)(oh)phosphono-substituent phosphonic acidci £ 業(yè)磷酸芐酯磷酸酯rop(=o)(oh)phospho-nd 6h硫醚rsr'di( substituent ) sulfidehjc<s>ch?磺酰基rsgr'sulfonyl-di( substituent ) sulfone磺酸基rs(3hsulfo-substituent sulfonic acidrsor'sulfinyl-di( substituent ) sulfoxiderscn業(yè)磺酰 基rshrssr'mer

5、capto-, sulfanyl-thiocyanato-alkyl alkyl disulfide-thiolalkyl thiocyanate二苯基亞砜ss烴基根據(jù)所含兀鍵的不同，不同的官能團(tuán)具有不同的性質(zhì)。注意：烷烴基（如甲基、亞甲基）不算官能團(tuán)，而苯基是官能團(tuán)分類官能團(tuán)名稱化學(xué)式結(jié)構(gòu)式英文后綴例子英文前綴1rh1alkyl-aneh1 產(chǎn)腫 m h烯基rc=cralkenyl-ene炔基ro cr'alkynyl-yneh-c=c-h及衍生物rchrphphenyl-benzene及衍生物rchghrbnbenzyl-1-( substituent )toluene3含鹵素取代基鹵代烴中含有碳-鍵，鍵能隨鹵素不同而有變化。一般除外，鹵代烴都可發(fā)生和分類取代基名稱化學(xué)式結(jié)構(gòu)式央文前綴央文后綴例子鹵代rxhalo-alkyl halide氟代rffluoro-alkyl fluoridef1