ERNEST-HEMINGWAY(海明威)a-very-short-storyPPT

1、The Analysis of the Point of View Point of View in “A Very Short Story” Written by HemingwayOutlineIntroductionOriginal point of view in the text“She”- “I”“He”- “I” IntroductionIntroductionERNEST HEMINGWAYERNEST HEMINGWAY18991961one American novelist and short-story writer of the great American writ

2、ers of the 20th C. Brief IntroductionBrief IntroductionLifeLifeWorkWorkAwardsAwardsA Very Short StoryA Very Short Story (The original text) ( the first ( the first paragraphs) )The first paragraph: One hot evening in Padua they carried him up onto the roof and he could look out over the top of the t

3、own. There were chimney swifts in the sky. After a while it got dark and the searchlights came out. The others went down and took the bottles with them. He and Luz could hear them below on the balcony. Luz sat on the bed. She was cool and fresh in the hot night. the second paragraph: Luz stayed on n

4、ight duty for three months. They were glad to let her. When they operated on him she prepared him for the operating table; and they had a joke about friend or enema. He went under the anaesthetic holding tight on to himself so he would not blab about anything during the silly, talky time. After he g

5、ot on crutches he used to take the temperatures so Luz would not have to get up from the bed. There were only a few patients, and they all knew about it. They all liked Luz. As he walked back along the halls he thought of Luz in his bed.So, in the original text ,the male protagonist is the unknown “

6、he”, while the female protagonist is “Luz .Historical BackgroundHistorical Background:WW1-futility of love in war The isolation of the Lost GenerationRealistic backgroundRealistic backgroundErnest Hemingways relationship with Agnes von Kurowsky was the basis for this story. Third person point of vie

7、wParagraph oneOne hot evening in Padua they carried him up onto the roof and he could look out over the top of the town. There were chimney swifts in the sky. After a while it got dark and the searchlights came out. The others went down and took the bottles with them. He and Luz could hear them belo

8、w on the balcony. Luz sat on the bed. She was cool and fresh in the hot night. Paragraph twoLuz stayed on night duty for three months. They were glad to let her. When they operated on him she prepared him for the operating table; and they had a joke about friend or enema. He went under the anaesthet

9、ic holding tight on to himself so he would not blab about anything during the silly, talky time. After he got on crutches he used to take the temperatures so Luz would not have to get up from the bed. There were only a few patients, and they all knew about it. They all liked Luz. As he walked back a

10、long the halls he thought of Luz in his bed. Paragraph threeBefore he went back to the front they went into the Duomo and prayed. It was dim and quiet, and there were other people praying. They wanted to get married, but there was not enough time for the banns, and neither of them had birth certific

11、ates. They felt as though they were married, but they wanted everyone to know about it, and to make it so they could not lose it. Paragraph 4Luz wrote him many letters that he never got until after the armistice. Fifteen came in a bunch to the front and he sorted them by the dates and read them all

12、straight through. They were all about the hospital, and how much she loved him and how it was impossible to get along without him and how terrible it was missing him at night. Paragraph 5After the armistice they agreed he should go home to get a job so they might be married. Luz would not come home

13、until he had a good job and could come to New York to meet her. It was understood he would not drink, and he did not want to see his friends or anyone in the States. Only to get a job and be married. On the train from Padua to Milan they quarreled about her not being willing to come home at once. Wh

14、en they had to say good-bye, in the station at Milan, they kissed good-bye, but were not finished with the quarrel. He felt sick about saying good-bye like that. Paragraph sixHe went to America on a boat from Genoa. Luz went back to Pordonone to open a hospital. It was lonely and rainy there, and th

15、ere was a battalion of arditi quartered in the town. Living in the muddy, rainy town in the winter, the major of the battalion made love to Luz, and she had never known Italians before, and finally wrote to the States that theirs had only been a boy and girl affair. She was sorry, and she knew he wo

16、uld probably not be able to understand, but might some day forgive her, and be grateful to her, and she expected, absolutely unexpectedly, to be married in the spring. She loved him as always, but she realized now it was only a boy and girl love. She hoped he would have a great career, and believed

17、in him absolutely. She knew it was for the best. Paragraph sevenThe major did not marry her in the spring, or any other time. Luz never got an answer to the letter to Chicago about it. A short time after he contracted gonorrhea from a sales girl in a loop department store while riding in a taxicab t

18、hrough Lincoln Park. The story is written with The story is written with objectiveobjective (dramatic) (dramatic) point of view. In this type of point of view. In this type of point of view, “though the author is the point of view, “though the author is the narrator, he or she refuses to enter the n

19、arrator, he or she refuses to enter the minds of any of the characters. The writer minds of any of the characters. The writer sees them (and lets us see them) as we sees them (and lets us see them) as we would in real life. This point of view is would in real life. This point of view is sometimes ca

20、lled dramatic because we sometimes called dramatic because we see the character as we would the see the character as we would the characters in a play” Hemingway characters in a play” Hemingway masterly leaves the interpretation of the masterly leaves the interpretation of the actions led by the cha

21、racters to us. One actions led by the characters to us. One of the reasons for this is probably the of the reasons for this is probably the genre is “short story” the length is genre is “short story” the length is limitedlimited. .Now, lets change the point of viewScheme 1 Change the female protagon

22、ist “Luz” into the first person pronoun “I”.The original text (the first two paragraphs)One hot evening in Padua they carried him up onto the roof and he could look out over the top of the town. There were chimney swifts in the sky. After a while it got dark and the searchlights came out. The others

23、 went down and took the bottles with them. He and Luz could hear them below on the balcony. Luz sat on the bed. She was cool and fresh in the hot night. Luz stayed on night duty for three months. They were glad to let her. When they operated on him she prepared him for the operating table; and they

24、had a joke about friend or enema. He went under the anesthetic holding tight on to himself so he would not blab about anything during the silly, talky time. After he got on crutches he used to take the temperatures so Luz would not have to get up from the bed. There were only a few patients, and the

25、y all knew about it. They all liked Luz. As he walked back along the halls he thought of Luz in his bed. Rewritten text (change from the third- person Luz into the first person pronoun “I”)One hot evening in Padua they carried him up onto the roof and he could look out over the top of the town. Ther

26、e were chimney swifts in the sky. After a while it got dark and the searchlights came out. The others went down and took the bottles with them. He and I could hear them below on the balcony. I sat on the bed. I was cool and fresh in the hot night. I stayed on night duty for three months. They were g

27、lad to let me. When they operated on him I prepared him for the operating table; and they had a joke about friend or enema. He went under the anesthetic holding tight on to himself so he would not blab about anything during the silly, talky time. After he got on crutches he used to take the temperat

28、ures so I would not have to get up from the bed. There were only a few patients, and they all knew about it. They all liked me. As he walked back along the halls he thought of me in his bed. But is this feasible? If we read the rewritten text carefully, we will find this the text becomes inconsisten

29、t and ambiguous. For example, the last sentence of the first paragraph, “I was cool and fresh in the hot night”, it is kind of narcissistic for Luz to praise herself, and the last two sentences in the second paragraph seem more unintelligible. “They all liked Luz. As he walked back along the halls h

30、e thought of Luz in his bed. ”. The original text tries to inform us of how well liked Luz was, and finally describe his though upon her. In this rewriting, “They all liked me. As he walked back along the halls he thought of me in his bed ”, however, there is simple too great a tension between the a

31、ngle of vision and the person of the voice. The discourse loses it coherence.So, actually ,the author wrote the short story from the male persons viewpoint. The third person narration of the original text is just a disguise, a mask of pseudo- objectivity worn by the text for its own rhetorical purposes.Change the point of viewScheme 2 change the male protagonist “he” into the first person pronoun “I”. Lets see if this change acceptable“He”- “